Biotechnology and Economic Development: The Role of the States

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Portz ◽  
Peter Eisinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
American States ◽  
New Jobs

In recent years policymakers in a number of American states have chosen biotechnology as a key element in their economic development efforts. With visions of business growth and new jobs, state officials have targeted biotechnology as an important industry of the future. In this paper we focus on the political dynamics that underlay the choice of biotechnology in eleven states. With those states providing examples, we identify three major models of policy choice. The first involves an interest-based process in which state policymakers respond to explicit or implicit pressures from different parties. The second involves a strategic planning exercise in which state officials analyze the economic structure of the state and seek to develop a comparative advantage in the field of biotechnology. And the third starts with a strategic analysis but then relies upon a competitive, interest-based process to determine the allocation of state funds. We conclude by briefly discussing major issues for science policymaking at the state level.

scholarly journals Surviving Over Time and Space? The Experience of the English Compact

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
International Status ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSince it was first agreed in the autumn of 1998, the English Compact has achieved international status, as a marker of – or vehicle for - a new and improved relationship between the state and the third sector. Over the twelve years or so since its first publication, it has been supplemented by local compacts across the country and has been ‘refreshed’ or renewed twice. As such it has proved remarkably durable across time and space. But the political context in which it operates has now changed. A government committed to partnership has been replaced by one with a strong ideological commitment to limiting the powers and role of the state. How will this affect its future role?

scholarly journals Role of Character-Leaders in Development as Depicted in Swahili Literary Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Oiko Fridah Gesare ◽  
Martha Nyangweso Syekei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The State ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Third ◽  
Elected Leaders ◽  
The Third World

It has always been believed by the majority that elected leaders are a necessary component in the development of any country and more so in the developing world. This is so strong in that leaders are elected by their people through a competitive election because they believe they will influence economic development positively. Writers of literature are born and bred in the communities where they equally participate in the process of electing their leaders. Thus, when they write about the maxima or minimal roles played by these leaders in impacting economic development, they are believed to portray a true and to some extent a believable picture of the state of development in their respective communities. In this respect, this paper analyses the role played by the elected leaders in the realization of economic development in the third world as portrayed in selected Swahili literary texts. To achieve our main objective, the paper surveys the challenges of the third world and shows how the elected leaders tackle them to realize economic success. The paper concludes that elected leaders have downplayed their role in enhancing economic development and the result is underdevelopment experienced in the third world worse than that of the colonial leaders

scholarly journals Globalization and the national state under Novel Corona virus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
كريم سيد كنبار
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Political ◽  
National State ◽  
The Third ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Security

Novel Corona virus crisis and the political & security & economic repercussions have retrieved the discussion and the debate about the relations of globalization and the position of the national state within it. Although the relations of globalization that prevailed in the pre-epidemic stage have greatly reduced the interventionist role of the state in favor of broader groupings or blocs of the state, the nature of the crisis facing the world today necessitated the adoption of treatments led by the national state through imposing isolation measures, and Social distancing and providing the available resources to deal with the economic effects and realigning the priorities so that the internal issues occupy the first rank in the scale of concerns. This research seeks to explain the nature of the role played by the national state in light of the Corona crisis, which was associated with a noticeable decline in the mechanisms and relationships of globalization by adopting the narratives of the descriptive and analytical approach in dealing with the phenomenon of the topic of research, which was divided into three paragraphs, the first examines globalization and difficult testing, and the second deals with the state Patriotism is the tax of staying or forced attachment. As for the third, it deals with globalization and the Corona crisis through analyzing the repercussions that resulted from this pandemic and represented by the political, security and economic repercussions.

scholarly journals THIRD PARTIAL DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF B&H ABOUT CONSTITUTIONALITY OF PEOPLES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Edin Djedović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
State Government ◽  
State Level ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
The Third

Constitutionality of the peoples is one of the most frequent terms used in the post - Dayton era of B&H state functioning. The specificity of the existence of constituent binds to B&H and its complex constitutional organization, because the comparative law knows no such terminology. In the political sphere it was first mentioned in the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia, and in the constitutional order of B&H enters through the Constitution of the FB&H, and Constitution of B&H. Following the adoption of the Constitution set the important question of the importance of constituent peoples in terms of whether it is a collective right to a certain cooperation or equal to the concept of sovereignty, and that it applies only to representation in state government at the state level and throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is driven by the various discussions which are usually given to political connotations. The best answer to such questions is given by the Constitutional Court through the third partial Decision on Constituent Peoples, through which prism we look the meaning of the constituent peoples in B&H.

scholarly journals Macroregional centers in function of regional development of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Zora Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Beside the dominance of Belgrade in regional development of Serbia and marginal role of medium sized cities, macroregional centers were for a long time important carriers of economic development and a driving force of the overall prosperity. The objective of this work is to indicate the role of macroregional centers in the regional development of Serbia through their analysis and comparison of the results with the average values on the state level. Their existence represents a precondition for decentralization of Serbia. .

Effectiveness of Tax Policy of Ukraine: Evidence and Economy Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Olena P. Slavkova ◽  
Oksana I Zhilinska ◽  
Maksym Palienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Tax Payments

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the country. The analysis of change of tax receipts to the state and local budgets is carried out. The role of tax payments in the economic development of the country is determined. The efficiency of the state tax policy in Ukraine is analyzed, its advantages and disadvantages are determined. The important role of tax payments in stimulating economic and social development is substantiated. The analysis of the elasticity of change of indicators of economic development of the country from the change of volume of tax receipts to the budget is carried out. The necessity of improving the existing policy of establishing, accrual, payment, and distribution of tax revenues as one of the most promising areas to stimulate economic growth is concluded. Keywords: tax policy, revenues, tax evasion, state budget, elasticity, economic development

Turbulent Property Rights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Gray
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Export Agriculture ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Political Settlement

This chapter explores the role of the political settlement in shaping outcomes of land investments by analysing struggles in key sectors of the economy. Land reform during the socialist period had far-reaching implications for the political settlement. Reforms to land rights under liberalization involved strengthening land markets; however, the state continued to play a significant role. Corruption within formal land management systems became prevalent during the period of high growth. Vietnam experienced a rapid growth in export agriculture but, in contrast with stable property rights for smallholders, Tanzania’s efforts to encourage large land investments were less successful. Industrialization in both countries generated new forms of land struggles that were influenced by the different distributions of power between the state, existing landowners, and investors.

Understanding Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin A Meshram ◽  
A. M. Rawani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Small Business Growth

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are a strategy that is designed to nurture economic development by promoting entrepreneurship, small business growth, and innovation. Ecosystems represent a new direction for entrepreneurship research that simultaneously increases knowledge of the complex contextual environments surrounding the entrepreneurship process, while at the same time providing useful contributions to policy debates around the role of high-growth entrepreneurship as a driver of regional economic development. This article reviews the concept evolution; different definitions and factors of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Additionally, it provides approaches of past contributions about entrepreneurial ecosystem. This article contributes to knowledge generation and provides further research directions. This study is an attempt to cover the different articles that exist on the entrepreneurial ecosystems.

The Saint with Indra's Sword: Khruubaa Srivichai and Buddhist Millenarianism in Northern Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Bowie
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Political ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Social Causes

AbstractDespite a growing literature revealing the presence of millenarian movements in both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist societies, scholars have been remarkably reluctant to consider the role of messianic beliefs in Buddhist societies. Khruubaa Srivichai (1878–1938) is the most famous monk of northern Thailand and is widely revered as atonbun, or saint. Althoughtonbunhas been depoliticized in the modern context, the term also refers to a savior who is an incarnation of the coming Maitreya Buddha. In 1920 Srivichai was sent under arrest to the capital city of Bangkok to face eight charges. This essay focuses on the charge that he claimed to possess the god Indra's sword. Although this charge has been widely ignored, it was in fact a charge of treason. In this essay, I argue that the treason charge should be understood within the context of Buddhist millenarianism. I note the saint/savior tropes in Srivichai's mytho-biography, describe the prevalence of millenarianism in the region, and detail the political economy of the decade of the 1910s prior to Srivichai's detention. I present evidence to show that the decade was characterized by famine, dislocation, disease, and other disasters of both natural and social causes. Such hardships would have been consistent with apocalyptic omens in the Buddhist repertoire portending the advent of Maitreya. Understanding Srivichai in this millenarian context helps to explain both the hopes of the populace and the fears of the state during that tumultuous decade.

II. The Political Role of the Parlement of Paris, 1715–23

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
J. H. Shennan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Parlement Of Paris

The most recent biographer of Montesquieu has written:…the similarity between the ideas of the former president a tnortier and those of the parlements is sometimes striking.…The king, they admit, is the legislator and the fount of justice. The parlements, however, are the repositories of his supreme juris-diction. To remove it from them is to offend the laws of the state and to overthrow the ancient legal structure of the kingdom.…This tradition of the parlements inspired and was inspired by the political doctrine of Montesquieu; and when the President writes of the monarchy of his own day…as being the best form of government that men have been able to imagine, it is monarchy supported by this tradition which he has in mind.

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