Chronic alcoholism in relation to attempted or effected suicide. A long-term study

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Lesch ◽  
H. Walter ◽  
R. Mader ◽  
M. Musalek ◽  
K. Zeiler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Structural Connection

SummaryRushing (1968) offers two hypotheses for the possible structural connection between suicidal and chronic alcoholic case groups : the “processual cause theory” is based on the idea that alcoholism leads through its problematic nature to suicide attempts. In the “common cause theory” alcoholism and suicidai acts are due to mutually shared factors, e.g., social isolation and enforced social integration.Data on suicide and suicide attempts were obtained as a separate aspect of a comprehensive follow-up investigation. All patients from one particular region in Austria, who had been admitted to hospital between 1976 and 1978 for treatment of chronic alcoholism took part in this study. Follow-up time was 4 to 7 years. 101 patients died during this period. 356 patients remained under close follow-up investigation. In addition to information about basic drinking habits, we attempted to identify predictive factors regarding the course of alcoholism and investigated familial circumstances, development and interactions.In contradiction with both theories forwarded by Rushing, we were able to isolate a special subgroup of chronic alcoholics attempting or committing suicide. This group is characterized by a depressive symptomatology (endogeneous-depressive syndrome, according to the Viennese Diagnostic Criteria), as well as by the presence of other psychiatrie disturbances underlying chronic alcohol abuse. Family histories also uncovered evidence of psychiatric illnesses. Cases of negative alteration in social status and problematical partnerships could be found in this subgroup. Drinking habits themselves did not differ from non suicide-prone alcoholics.

scholarly journals Low blood pressure and risk of depression in the elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Paterniti ◽  
Marie-Hélène Verdier-Taillefer ◽  
Catherine Geneste ◽  
Jean-Claude Bisserbe ◽  
Annick Alpérovitch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between depression and low blood pressure is unclear.AimsTo examine the temporal relation between low blood pressure and depression in a two-year follow-up.MethodThe study group consisted of 1389 subjects aged 59–71 years; 1272 (92%) were examined after two years. Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES–D) and the Spielberger inventory scales to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, medical history, drug use and blood pressure measures.ResultsAmong 1112 subjects who were considered as non-depressed at baseline, logistic regression models showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and decrease of blood pressure were predictors of high depressive symptomatology at follow-up. Baseline high CES–D scores did not predict low blood pressure two years after.ConclusionsIn our study, low blood pressure was a risk factor for, but not a consequence of, high depressive symptomatology.

Incidence and Predictors of Suicide Attempts in Bipolar I and II Disorders: A Five-year Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
S. Pallaskorpi ◽  
K. Suominen ◽  
M. Ketokivi ◽  
H. Valtonen ◽  
P. Arvilommi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionAlthough suicidal behavior is very common in bipolar disorder (BD), few long-term studies have investigated incidence and risk factors of suicide attempts (SAs) specifically related to illness phases of BD.ObjectivesWe examined incidence of SAs during different phases of BD in a long-term prospective cohort of bipolar I (BD-I) and II (BD-II) patients and risk factors specifically for SAs during major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodsIn the Jorvi bipolar study (JoBS), 191 BD-I and BD-II patients were followed using life-chart methodology. Prospective information on SAs of 177 patients (92.7%) during different illness phases was available up to five years. Incidence of SAs and their predictors were investigated using logistic and Poisson regression models. Analyses of risk factors for SAs occurring during MDEs were conducted using two-level random-intercept logistic regression models.ResultsDuring the five-year follow-up, 90 SAs per 718 patient-years occurred. Compared with euthymia the incidence was highest, over 120-fold, during mixed states (765/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 461–1269]) and also very high in MDEs, almost 60-fold (354/1000 [95%CI 277–451]). For risk of SAs during MDEs, the duration of MDEs, severity of depression and cluster C personality disorders were significant predictors.ConclusionsIn this long-term study, the highest incidences of SAs occurred in mixed phases and MDEs. The variations in incidence rates between euthymia and illness phases were remarkably large, suggesting that the question “when” rather than “who” may be more relevant for suicide risk in BD. However, risk during MDEs is likely also influenced by personality factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Theoretical and Methodological Problems of a 10-Year Follow-Up Program Evaluation Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Heller ◽  
Ralph Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Problems

Summary In this paper, conceptual and methodological problems of school program evaluation are discussed. The data were collected in conjunction with a 10 year cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation with partial inclusion of control groups. The experiences and conclusions resulting from this long-term study are revealing not only from the vantage point of the scientific evaluation of new scholastic models, but are also valuable for program evaluation studies in general, particularly in the field of gifted education.

Gender Differences in Suicidal Intent and Choice of Method Among Suicide Attempters

Crisis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Jacob Branner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Suicide Intent ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
Suicide Prevention Center

The objective was to examine gender differences in choice of method and suicidal intent among persons referred to a suicide prevention center. A total of 351 consecutive patients who had attempted suicide were interviewed using the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I (EPSIS I) while participating in a 2-week inpatient treatment program. They were invited to a 1-year follow-up interview, and followed in the National Patient Register. Compared to women, men who had attempted suicide were older, had better self-esteem, fewer depressive symptoms, and higher total suicidal intention scores, but they were not more likely to use violent methods. Neither use of violent method nor dangerousness of the attempt was associated with suicidal intention. Although men had higher suicide intent scores than women, there were no significant gender differences in the number of repeat suicide attempts during a 1-year follow-up period. Suicidal intent was not related to dangerousness of suicide method.

Cathartic Effect of Suicide Attempts Not Limited to Depression

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sarfati ◽  
Blandine Bouchaud ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term

Summary: The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

Long-Term (9–12 Years) Outcomes of Titanium Implants With an Oxidized Surface: A Retrospective Investigation on 209 Implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mozzati ◽  
Giorgia Gallesio ◽  
Massimo Del Fabbro
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Clinical Records

The aim of this paper is to retrospectively assess the long-term clinical and radiological results in a group of patients treated with Brånemark TiUnite implants supporting mostly single-tooth and partial restorations. The clinical records of 90 consecutive patients (mean age 55.9 years; range 21–82 years), treated with 209 Brånemark System MkIII or MkIV TiUnite implants (72 maxillary/137 mandibular; 26 anterior intercanine/183 posterior sites), were analyzed. Indication types were single tooth (n = 21 implants), partial (n = 180) and full arches (n = 8). A delayed loading protocol was applied in 128 implants, while 81 were immediately loaded. Cumulative survival rate and marginal bone remodeling were evaluated. Marginal bone level was evaluated by an independent radiologist from periapical radiographs taken at implant insertion and at long-term follow up. Plaque, probing pocket depth and peri-implant mucosa conditions were also assessed. The results showed the mean follow-up duration was 11.0 years (range 9.6–12.4 years): 181 implants (90.5%) reached at least 10 years follow-up, 100 implants 11 years, and 17 implants 12 years. Overall, 6 implants failed in 4 patients (5 during the first year and 1 after 2 years) resulting in a 97.1% survival rate after 12 years. Mean bone levels at implant insertion and at the last follow up were −0.90 ± 1.16 mm (mean ± SD; n = 169) and −1.49 ± 0.95 mm (n = 195), respectively. Mean marginal bone remodeling from implant insertion to the last follow-up was −0.60 ± 1.17 mm (n = 168). At the last available follow-up, mean pocket depth was 1.65 ± 0.84 mm. Peri-implant mucosa was normal for the majority (97%) of implants. In conclusion, this retrospective long-term study showed excellent survival rate of TiUnite implants as well as favorable marginal bone response and soft tissue conditions.

On the Stress/Parasuicide Or Parasuicide/Stress Relationship

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1317-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Clum ◽  
Richard L. Luscomb ◽  
Anne T. Patsiokas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
One Year

The question of whether high stress leads to attempting suicide (parasuicide) or suicide attempters are more likely to report high stress was examined in a one-year follow-up study of 98 persons, 47 of whom had attempted suicide. Cross-lagged panel correlations between stress and parasuicide provided both concurrent and predictive validity that stress as measured by life changes leads to parasuicide. A high relationship between stress at baseline and stress at follow-up provided support for the notion that some individuals experience chronic stress and that such individuals may be the ones at risk for future suicide attempts.

Predicting reattendance at a high-risk breast cancer clinic

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Ormseth ◽  
David K. Wellisch ◽  
Adam E. Aréchiga ◽  
Taylor L. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
High Risk Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk Breast ◽  
Risk Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Clinic ◽  
High Risk Clinic

AbstractObjective:The research about follow-up patterns of women attending high-risk breast-cancer clinics is sparse. This study sought to profile daughters of breast-cancer patients who are likely to return versus those unlikely to return for follow-up care in a high-risk clinic.Method:Our investigation included 131 patients attending the UCLA Revlon Breast Center High Risk Clinic. Predictor variables included age, computed breast-cancer risk, participants' perceived personal risk, clinically significant depressive symptomatology (CES–D score ≥ 16), current level of anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory), and survival status of participants' mothers (survived or passed away from breast cancer).Results:A greater likelihood of reattendance was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.07, p = 0.004), computed breast-cancer risk (AOR = 1.10, p = 0.017), absence of depressive symptomatology (AOR = 0.25, p = 0.009), past psychiatric diagnosis (AOR = 3.14, p = 0.029), and maternal loss to breast cancer (AOR = 2.59, p = 0.034). Also, an interaction was found between mother's survival and perceived risk (p = 0.019), such that reattendance was associated with higher perceived risk among participants whose mothers survived (AOR = 1.04, p = 0.002), but not those whose mothers died (AOR = 0.99, p = 0.685). Furthermore, a nonlinear inverted “U” relationship was observed between state anxiety and reattendance (p = 0.037); participants with moderate anxiety were more likely to reattend than those with low or high anxiety levels.Significance of Results:Demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors were found to be independently associated with reattendance to a high-risk breast-cancer clinic. Explication of the profiles of women who may or may not reattend may serve to inform the development and implementation of interventions to increase the likelihood of follow-up care.

Subsequent Mortality in Medically Serious Suicide Attempts: A 5 Year Follow-Up

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette L. Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Objective: To document mortality in a consecutive series of 302 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and were followed-up for 5 years. Method: All sources of mortality were examined in a 5 year prospective study of 302 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts. Mortality data were obtained by checks with the national mortality database and, for suicide and accidental deaths, were confirmed by review of coronial records. Results: Within 5 years of making a medically serious suicide attempt, one in 11 (8.9%) participants had died. Most deaths (59.2%) were by suicide. Comparison of mortality in this series with rates expected in a comparable general population sample showed the excess mortality was attributable to death by suicide and by motor vehicle accidents. Conclusion: Mortality among those who make medically serious suicide attempts is high. These findings imply the need for the development of enhanced and long-term treatment, follow-up and surveillance programmes for those who make medically serious suicide attempts.

scholarly journals A Long-Term Study of Application of Joshi's External Stabilizing System in Displaced Intra-articular Distal End Radius Fractures

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-054
Author(s):  
Rajeev Shukla ◽  
Vishal Champawat ◽  
Ravi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Extremity Fracture ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Upper Extremity Fracture ◽  
Complex Injuries

Background Fractures of the distal end radius are a common upper extremity fracture. Intra-articular distal end radius fractures are recognized as very complex injuries with a variable prognosis. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term functional outcome of patients treated with Joshi's external stabilizing system (JESS) for displaced intra-articular distal end radius fractures. Materials and Methods A total of 170 patients with intra-articular distal end radius fracture were treated with JESS from 2014 to 2017. The patients were followed up at 2, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1, and 2 years (final) after the surgery. The assessment of pain, range of motion, grip strength, and satisfaction were assessed at 6 months, 1, and 2 years (final) follow-up and scored according to modified Mayo wrist scoring system. Results The good and/or excellent results were found in 82.2% of cases. We observed that patients with age less than 50 years had greater prognosis as compared with patients with more than 50 years of age. Final outcome was also found better in males as compared with females at 6 months, 1, and 2 years postoperatively. Conclusion JESS is an effective treatment technique for intra-articular distal end radius fractures in our community. On long-term follow-up of the patients treated with JESS for intra-articular distal end radius fractures, the functional and radiological outcomes were good with low complication rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document