Constructing a Theory of Punishment, Desert, and the Distribution of Punishments

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Moral View ◽  
Adequate Theory ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Punishment, by definition, involves the intentional imposition of some deprivation or suffering on individuals against their wills. On any moral view, there is a very strong presumption against doing this to people; so, if a society has an institution of punishment, some justification is needed. On the face of things, such an institution would seem to be an evil. What, then, is the justification for punishment? And once this question has been raised, related questions arise. Who should be punished and how severely? And what principle or principles should we use when setting up sentencing guidelines? Any adequate theory of punishment must provide some guidance, some useful headings, even if not a detailed chart, for answering these questions, among others.In this paper, I outline a theory of punishment that I believe best answers these sorts of questions. Inevitably, some parts are far sketchier than others; but within the general outline, the major focus is on the concept of desert and on the application of desert principles in determining the just allotment of punishments. This leads to a framework for constructing a crimes/punishments schedule for sentencing. Along the way, a number of lesser issues are discussed as well.

Reading Roman Pride

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Baraz
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
Emotional Landscape ◽  
The Way

Pride is pervasive in Roman texts, as an emotion and a political and social concept implicated in ideas of power. This study examines the Roman discourse of pride from two distinct complementary perspectives. The first is based on scripts, mini-stories told to illustrate what pride is, how it arises and develops, and where it fits within the Roman emotional landscape. The second is semantic, and draws attention to differences between terms within the pride field. The peculiar feature of Roman pride that emerges is that it appears exclusively as a negative emotion, attributed externally and condemned, up to the Augustan period. This previously unnoticed lack of expression of positive pride in republican discourse is a result of the way the Roman republican elite articulates its values as anti-monarchical and is committed, within the governing class, to power-sharing and a kind of equality. The book explores this uniquely Roman articulation of pride attributed to people, places, and institutions and traces the partial rehabilitation of pride that begins in the texts of the Augustan poets at a time of great political change. Reading for pride produces innovative readings of texts that range from Plautus to Ausonius, with a major focus on Cicero, Livy, Vergil, and other Augustan poets.

Supreme Scooper

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-513
Author(s):  
Tom Appleton
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Canadair's CL-415 amphibious aircraft is arguably the most advanced firefighting waterbomber on the face of the earth. With its high water capacity and advanced performance, it leads the way in rapid initial attack to contain fires.

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTALISMS, SECURITY CRISIS AND TOLERANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE*

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Igboin Benson Ohihon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Face ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Security Questions ◽  
The Way

In recent times, the resurgence of critical security questions has gained prominence in global tabloid, consciousness and discourse. From Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Yemen to Syria; the Nigerian experiences of the Golden Jubilee Independence bombing, for which MEND claimed responsibility, the Boko Haram incendiary that has gravitated into suicide bombing, among others are extant. The causes of these ‘security crises’ can be traced squarely to fundamentalisms: religious fundamentalism or religious nationalism; hegemonic fundamentalism, capitalist fundamentalism, ethnic fundamentalism, existential fundamentalism, ethical fundamentalism, etc. These explain the deepening and proliferation of conflicts in countries around the globe. The response to this state of affairs has been ‘sermon’ on tolerance in the face of aggressive terror. Tolerance may not have been properly conceptualized. The thrust of this paper, therefore, is to stimulate interest in the conceptualization of these terms so that their understanding would pave the way for long lasting solutions. In so doing, the paper will employ historical and philosophical approaches to situate the arguments.

scholarly journals Individualism as a Cultural Syndrome in Recent American Cinema

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Nina A Tsyrkun
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The Face ◽  
Survival Condition ◽  
The Way

The article explores the balance of the two basic cultural constructs - individualism and collectivism - and the way it is represented in the American cinema of 2015-2016 as exemplified by a number of films set in the past, present and future. The author comes to the conclusion that in the face of a global peril the idea of individual moral responsibility inevitably leads to the role of collectivism as the essential survival condition.

scholarly journals Ruin philosophy, poetic discourse and the collapse of meta-narratives in Aleksandr Kushner's poetry of the 1970s

Nordlit ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schönle
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
The Face ◽  
Creative Forces ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

This article offers an analysis of the trope of ruin in the poetry of Aleksandr Kushner (born 1936), in particular through a close reading of two of his poems: “In a slippery graveyard, alone” and “Ruins”. The analysis of these poems is preceded by an overview of ruin philosophy from Burke and Diderot to Simmel and Benjamin, with particular emphasis on the way the trope of ruin contemplation stages a confrontation between the self and what transcends it (death, history, nature, etc.). This philosophical background serves as a heuristic tool to shed light on the poetry of Kushner. Through the trope of ruin, Kushner explores the legitimacy of poetic speech after the collapse of all meta-narratives. Kushner has no truck with Diderot's solipsism, nor with Hegel's bold narrative of progress, nor with Simmel's peaceful reconciliation with the creative forces of nature. Nor, really, does he intend to bear witness to history, the way Benjamin does in the faint anticipation of some miracle. Instead, Kushner posits the endurance of a community united not around a grand project, but around the idea of carrying on in the face of everything, muddling through despite the lack of hopes for a transformational future and making the most of fleeting moments of positivity that emerge out of the fundamental serendipity of history.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Bank Soundness: A Done Deal? - Part 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmele Ayadurai ◽  
Sina Joneidy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Bank Stability ◽  
The Face ◽  
Main Strand ◽  
Bank Soundness ◽  
The Way

Banks soundness plays a crucial role in determining economic prosperity. As such, banks are under intense scrutiny to make wise decisions that enhances bank stability. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in changing the way banks operate and service their customers. Banks are becoming more modern and relevant in people’s life as a result. The most significant contribution of AI is it provides a lifeline for bank’s survival. The chapter provides a taxonomy of bank soundness in the face of AI through the lens of CAMELS where C (Capital), A(Asset), M(Management), E(Earnings), L(Liquidity), S(Sensitivity). The taxonomy partitions opportunities from the main strand of CAMELS into distinct categories of 1 (C), 6(A), 17(M), 16 (E), 3(L), 6(S). It is highly evident that banks will soon extinct if they do not embed AI into their operations. As such, AI is a done deal for banks. Yet will AI contribute to bank soundness remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Genomics Armed With Diversity Leads the Way in Brassica Improvement in a Changing Global Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
Anita A. Severn-Ellis ◽  
Aneeta Pradhan ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Evolution ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Meeting the needs of a growing world population in the face of imminent climate change is a challenge; breeding of vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops is part of the race in meeting these demands. Available genetic diversity constituting the foundation of breeding is essential in plant improvement. Elite varieties, land races, and crop wild species are important resources of useful variation and are available from existing genepools or genebanks. Conservation of diversity in genepools, genebanks, and even the wild is crucial in preventing the loss of variation for future breeding efforts. In addition, the identification of suitable parental lines and alleles is critical in ensuring the development of resilient Brassica crops. During the past two decades, an increasing number of high-quality nuclear and organellar Brassica genomes have been assembled. Whole-genome re-sequencing and the development of pan-genomes are overcoming the limitations of the single reference genome and provide the basis for further exploration. Genomic and complementary omic tools such as microarrays, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and reverse genetics facilitate the study of crop evolution, breeding histories, and the discovery of loci associated with highly sought-after agronomic traits. Furthermore, in genomic selection, predicted breeding values based on phenotype and genome-wide marker scores allow the preselection of promising genotypes, enhancing genetic gains and substantially quickening the breeding cycle. It is clear that genomics, armed with diversity, is set to lead the way in Brassica improvement; however, a multidisciplinary plant breeding approach that includes phenotype = genotype × environment × management interaction will ultimately ensure the selection of resilient Brassica varieties ready for climate change.

The Face of Anti-Muslim Populism

Islam ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 138-167
Author(s):  
Nadia Marzouki
Keyword(s):  
Tea Party ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Chapter four examines the way the Tea Party seized on the Islamic question starting in 2010 and how its tactics operate within a longstanding rhetorical tradition of populism and a form of paranoid rationality that expresses an illiberal conception of democracy.

Modern Dating and Respectability on Trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-170
Author(s):  
Tyler Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
German Society ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
The Face ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
Legal Strategy ◽  
The Way

Chapter 5 follows the sensational trial of Frieda Kliem’s murderer and the strategy of the defense, which was not so much a legal strategy as a way of turning the trial into a question of Frieda’s respectability as a middle-class woman. It interprets this trial—and the life of Frieda Kliem, more generally—as a microcosm of the large-scale confrontation between nineteenth-century society and the emerging twentieth-century world. It contends that identity, presented either authentically or as an illusion, became supremely relevant in the metropolis, where the ubiquity of strangers, new faces, and mysterious crimes shaped the way city people narrated the search for love and intimacy. And because enterprising outsiders like Frieda Kliem so flouted the established patterns of middle-class respectability, they remained on the outside looking in as German society clung to the nineteenth-century world that was crumbling in the face of a bewilderingly new twentieth-century one.

Enjoy the pursuit, as Andrew Wiles did with Fermat’s Last Theorem

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Susan D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Fermat's Last Theorem ◽  
Fermat’S Last Theorem ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mathematics Community ◽  
The Way

“Enjoy the pursuit, as Andrew Wiles did with Fermat’s Last Theorem” recounts the story of how mathematician Andrew Wiles was undaunted in the face of 350 years’ worth of mathematicians’ failed efforts at attempting to solve Fermat’s Last Theorem. He believed in his abilities and ultimately succeeded in providing a proof. Along the way, he satisfied a human longing to seek knowledge and energized the mathematics community. Mathematics students and enthusiasts are encouraged to remember to value the journey in mathematical and life pursuits, even when they struggle. At the chapter’s end, readers may check their understanding by working on a problem. A solution is provided.

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