Propagules of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Soil

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamini Siriwardana ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Aerial Parts

The upper 30 cm of soil in a field infested with purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. #3CYPRO) contained 4900 to 5100 corms and tubers/m26 weeks after soil rotovation and irrigation. The upper 4, 8, 12 and 16 cm of soil had 45, 79, 95 and 99%, respectively, of the corms and tubers. Lower depths of soil contained larger tubers with higher percent dry matter than the shallow depths. Of the total number of corms and tubers, 51% were from the parent population. At 6 weeks, only 15% of the total tuber and corm population were not connected to aerial parts. Tubers from the parent population had a higher fresh weight than those from the new population. Parent tubers occurred singly or in chains of up to eight tubers.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Purple Nutsedge Based on Days or Thermal Units

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Independent Trials

This work was carried out with the objective of elaborating mathematical models to predict growth and development of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) based on days or accumulated thermal units (growing degree days). Thus, two independent trials were developed, the first with a decreasing photoperiod (March to July) and the second with an increasing photoperiod (August to November). In each trial, ten assessments of plant growth and development were performed, quantifying total dry matter and the species phenology. After that, phenology was fit to first degree equations, considering individual trials or their grouping. In the same way, the total dry matter was fit to logistic-type models. In all regressions four temporal scales possibilities were assessed for the x axis: accumulated days or growing degree days (GDD) with base temperatures (Tb) of 10, 12 and 15 oC. For both photoperiod conditions, growth and development of purple nutsedge were adequately fit to prediction mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, highlighting Tb = 12 oC. Considering GDD calculated with Tb = 12 oC, purple nutsedge phenology may be predicted by y = 0.113x, while species growth may be predicted by y = 37.678/(1+(x/509.353)-7.047).

scholarly journals Viability of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ligia Giraldeli ◽  
André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽  
Felipe Carrara de Brito ◽  
Robson Josadaque Nogueira de Lima ◽  
Beatriz Sizilio dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Chemical management is the most widely adopted technique to control weeds in sugarcane crops. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is among the most difficult species to control. Herbicides need to be absorbed and translocated in a sufficient amount for the tuber chain to be effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicides sulfentrazone, diclosulam, imazapic, imazapyr, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in controlling C. rotundus and reducing the viability of its tubers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and four replications. The herbicides sulfentrazone (800 g active ingredient – ai·ha?1), diclosulam (193.17 g ai·ha?1), imazapic (133 g ai·ha?1), and imazapyr (500 g acid equivalent – ae·ha?1) were applied in preemergence at five days after planting the tubers, while halosulfuron (112.5 g ai·ha?1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g ai·ha?1), MSMA (1,975 g ai·ha?1), and 2,4-D (1,340 g ae·ha?1) were applied in postemergence (4 to 5 leaves). The parameters visual control, shoot dry matter, number of tubers and bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, number of epigeal manifestations, and tuber viability were analyzed. The herbicides diclosulam, halosulfuron, and ethoxysulfuron provided 100% control of the shoot at 90 days after application (DAA). All herbicides reduced the number of bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, and shoot dry matter. The herbicides sulfentrazone, imazapic, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, and MSMA provided the highest reduction in tuber viability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil Padi Gogo Varietas Inpago 8

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Mia A. Agustin ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung T. Handayani ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Levene Test

The purpose of this research is to know whether the aqueous extract of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus) have an effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of upland riceseedling of Inpago 8 varieties. This research was conducted at Botanical Laboratory ofBiology Department Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences University ofLampung from September to October 2017. The experiments were carried out in a completerandomized design with the main factors being aqueous extract of purple nutsedge with 5 level : 0% v / v (control), 5% v / v, 10% v / v, 15% v / v, and 20%v/v. Parameters measuredwere shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, and total chlorophyllcontent of rice seedling. Homogeneity of variance was determined by the Levene test at 5%significant level. Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test is done at 5% significant level.The results showed that the concentration of extract correlated quadratic with shoot lengthwhere the maximum shoot length was 3.9 cm at 10% extract concentration. Fresh weight andrelative water content maximum were 73.21 mg and 76% respectively at concentrations of14% and 10%. The minimum total chlorophyll content was 0.47 mg / g tissue at aconcentration of 11%. There was no significant effect on the dry weight of the seedling.From the results of the study, it was concluded that the extract of purple nutsedge at aconcentration below 14% was a growth stimulator, but it was an inhibitor of chlorophyllbiosynthesis.Keyword: Chlorophyll, Growth, Upland rice variety Inpago 8, Purple nutsedge

Effects of Frequent Clipping on Three Perennial Weeds, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Cyperus rotundus L.

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Perennial Weeds

SUMMARYEstablished plants of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), grown in containers, were repeatedly clipped to the ground from spring to winter, at monthly and bi-weekly intervals. Regrowth of bermudagrass was markedly reduced after monthly clippings, but all plants regrew in the following March; there was no regeneration in March of bi-weekly clipped plants. Severe decrease of regrowth of clipped johnsongrass occurred after bi-weekly or monthly clippings, but a quarter of the clipped plants regenerated in the following March. Nutsedge was more resistant to clipping than the other two species and all clipped plants regrew vigorously in the following March. Repeated clipping reduced the rhizome length or tuber number and the dry matter content in the regrown plants in proportion to the frequency of clipping.

Shading Responses of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Net Assimilation

The effects of shade on dry-matter production, leaf area, and biomass partitioning in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.) were determined in a controlled-environment greenhouse with a day/night temperature regime of 32/26 C. For comparison with a full-light treatment, screening provided 40, 70, and 85% shade. Shading significantly reduced height of yellow nutsedge and dry-matter production, leaf-area production, and rhizome and tuber formation of both species. Shading decreased the partitioning of plant biomass into tubers and rhizomes and increased partitioning into leaves. Yellow nutsedge had a higher net-assimilation rate than purple nutsedge at all levels of shading, but the greater leaf-area duration or total amount of leaf area present in purple nutsedge resulted in greater dry-matter production by that species. The responses of the two species showed no differences in shade tolerance.

Translocation and Fate of Dicamba in Purple Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Magalhaes ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The translocation of 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba-7-14C) in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) at different stages of development and under various light regimes was studied using autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting techniques. The fate of the herbicide was investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography. Dicamba was slowly but appreciably translocated in purple nutsedge following application to the leaves or roots. Foliarly applied dicamba movement proceeded both acropetally and basipetally, and the herbicide became widely distributed throughout the aerial parts of the plant and accumulated in the regions of meristematic activity. Dicamba was barely detectable in the underground organs, although it was excreted into the culture medium and passed through the rhizomes and tubers into daughter plants. Root-applied dicamba distribution was general throughout the plant except within the tubers and the tips of the leaves. Dicamba was barely detectable within the tubers, although it was present in quantity at or near the surface. Dicamba accumulation was evident at the tips of the leaves. Translocation was enhanced under low light conditions. Distribution of dicamba was profoundly affected by the stage of development of the plant. Greater translocation and broader distribution of the herbicide occurred in the vegetative stage of development. After flowering, movement out of the treated leaf decreased. Studies indicated that the herbicide was not degraded by the plant during the 10 days following treatment.

Response of Purple Nutsedge to Repeated Applications of Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard H. Zandstra ◽  
Chris K. H. Teo ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Repeated Applications

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) plants were treated in the greenhouse and field with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Fresh weight of leaves, sprouts per original tuber, and sprouts per new tuber were reduced by 4 kg/ha glyphosate in the greenhouse. In the field, glyphosate at 2 and 4 kg/ha was compared to several herbicides for nutsedge control in repeated applications over an 8-month period. After several applications, glyphosate reduced the number of plants per unit area. After rotovation (working the soil thoroughly to a depth of 15 cm) and reapplication, glyphosate and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) plots had fewer plants and tubers per unit area than controls.

scholarly journals Efek Alelopati Ekstrak Air Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica L. Var. Arumanis) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Davina Nathania Prasetya ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Mango Leaves

The purpose of this research is to know whether the aqueous extract of mango leaves(Mangifera indica L.) affect the growth of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Thisresearch conducted at Botanical Laboratory of Biology Department Faculty of Mathematicsand the Natural Sciences University of Lampung from September to October 2017. Thisexperiments were carried out in a complete randomized design with the main factors beingaqueous extract of mango leaves with 5 level concentration : 0% w / v ( control), 5% w / v,10% w / v, 15% w / v, and 20% w / v and consist of 5 replications. Parameters measuredwere shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and relative water content. The Levene testdetermined the homogeneity of variance at 5% significant level. Analysis of variance andTukey HSD testis did at 5% significant level. The results showed that the concentration ofextract was negatively correlated with shoot length where the shoot length was decreasedsignificantly at 20% extract concentration. Total fresh weight was decreased significantly at20% and correlated linearly negative with extract concentration. Total dry weight wasdecreased significantly at 20% extract concentration. There was no significant effect onrelative water content. From this research, it concluded that aqueous extract of mangoleaves at 20% extract concentration was decreased shoot length, fresh weight and dry weightof purple nutsedge.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Behaviour of Cyperus Rotundus L. On Both CHORCHORUS OLITORIUS (BROAD LEAVED WEED) AND ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI (GRASSY WEED) ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kowthar El-Rokiek ◽  
Samia El-Din ◽  
Faida Sharara
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

Allelopathic Behaviour ofCyperus RotundusL. On BothCHORCHORUS OLITORIUS(BROAD LEAVED WEED) ANDECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI(GRASSY WEED) ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEANPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) foliage and tubers were tested for allelopathic potential against the following weeds; juteChorchorus olitorius(broad leaved weed), and barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-galli(grassy weed) associated with soybean. In the greenhouse, during 2008 and 2009, foliage and tubers ofC. rotunduswere mixed with soil surface at 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/kg.C. rotundusnegatively affected those of jute and barnyard grass particularly at 80 g. Jute was more susceptible to allelopathy byC. rotundusthan barnyard grass. Inhibition in weed dry matter was higher with tuber than foliage residues. Tuber residues reduced the dry weight of jute and barnyard grass by 85.96% of the control and by 58.28% with 80 g, respectively. On the other hand, soybean growth and yield showed a high significant increase compared with unweeded pots. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed thatC. rotundusfoliage contained the following phenolic acids: caffeic, ferulic, coumaric, benzoic, vanelic, chlorogenic and cinnamic. Tubers contained hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, ferulic, vanelic and chlorogenic.

Interactions betweenBactra verutanaand the Development of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)Grown Under Three Temperature Regimes

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
R. D. Williams ◽  
R. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Temperature Regimes

For effective biological control through augmentation,Bactra verutanaZeller, would have to be released against purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) in May and June when temperatures are cooler than they are from late July through September when maximal natural populations of this biological control agent occur.Bactralarvae exposed to simulated mid-May (24/13 C) and mid-June (29/18 C) temperature regimes developed more slowly than larvae exposed to the mid-July (32/26 C) temperature regime, but nutsedge plant growth was also slower. Thus, the relative amounts of feeding injury were similar at all three regimes. Larval feeding generally increased the number of shoots slightly, but not significantly, reduced significantly the production of inflorescences, and reduced the weight of total dry matter produced between 28 and 49%.

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