scholarly journals Nationwide prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage ofEscherichia coliO157 and O26 in very young calves and adult cattle at slaughter in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1736-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JAROS ◽  
A. L. COOKSON ◽  
A. REYNOLDS ◽  
D. J. PRATTLEY ◽  
D. M. CAMPBELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Real Time ◽  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Carriage

SUMMARYNationwide prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage ofEscherichia coliO157 and O26 in cattle were assessed in a 2-year cross-sectional study at four large slaughter plants in New Zealand. Recto-anal mucosal swab samples from a total of 695 young (aged 4–7 days) calves and 895 adult cattle were collected post-slaughter and screened with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence ofE. coliO157 and O26 [Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) and non-STEC]. Co-infection with either serogroup ofE. coli(O157 or O26) was identified as a risk factor in both calves and adult cattle for being tested real-time PCR-positive forE. coliO157 or O26. As confirmed by culture isolation and molecular analysis, the overall prevalence of STEC (STEC O157 and STEC O26 combined) was significantly higher in calves [6·0% (42/695), 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·4–8·1] than in adult cattle [1·8% (16/895), 95% CI 1·1–3·0] (P< 0·001). This study is the first of its kind in New Zealand to assess the relative importance of cattle as a reservoir of STEC O157 and O26 at a national level. Epidemiological data collected will be used in the development of a risk management strategy for STEC in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Colonization in Neonates: Prevalence, Perinatal Transmission, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factors

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Tamelienė ◽  
Eglė Barčaitė ◽  
Dalia Stonienė ◽  
Jūratė Buinauskienė ◽  
Eglė Markūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of early-onset neonatal sepsis in many industrialized countries. However, there is a lack of studies on Escherichia coli colonization in women and neonates. The study aimed at determining the prevalence Escherichia coli among pregnant women and newborns, perinatal transmission, antimicrobial susceptibility, and risk factors for neonatal colonization. Material and Methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 827 infants born to 808 mothers were enrolled. The study was carried out from October 1, 2006, to June 30, 2007. Women were screened for E. coli carriage at 35–37 weeks of gestation or on admission for premature rupture of membranes and delivery; neonates, within 15 minutes of their lives. Risk factors for colonization were collected by a questionnaire and were recorded during labor. Results. Maternal E. coli colonization rate was 19.9%; neonatal, 14.4%; and transmission rate, 21.4%. Less than one-fourth (22.7%) of neonatal E. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anal sexual intercourse (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.87–8.19), one sexual partner (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.30–3.11), maternal vaginal Escherichia coli colonization (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12–2.93), maternal body mass index of ≤27 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.15–2.73), and maternal education lower than university level (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06–2.74) were associated with neonatal Escherichia coli colonization. Conclusions. The prevalence of maternal Escherichia coli colonization was higher in this study than other studies (19.9%). Neonatal Escherichia coli colonization was 14.4%. The resistance of Escherichia coli isolates to ampicillin was not high (22.7%). Improvement of maternal education and modification of mothers’ sexual habits need to be undertaken to prevent neonatal Escherichia coli colonization.

scholarly journals Fore-Stomach Foreign Bodies: prevalence, associated risk factors and types affecting cattle slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA abattoir, northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Amare Bihon ◽  
Teketaye Bayeleyegn ◽  
Ayalew Assefa ◽  
Yimer Muktar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

In Ethiopia, recurrent drought and feed shortage coupling with high level of environmental pollution predispose the animals to foreign body  ingestion. A cross-sectional study with systematic random sampling approach was employed from November 2018 to April, 2019 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence; identify associated risk factors and to categorize the types of foreign body in cattle slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA Abattoir. Ante-mortem and postmortem examinations were used to collect the data. From the total of 384 animals examined, the overall prevalence of foreign body was 83(21.61%). Adult and old animals were 4.33 (95% CI=0.98, 19.00, p=0.052) and 4.54 (95% CI=1.03, 19.96, p=0.045) times more likely to have a chance of getting foreign body than young animals by keeping another factors constant, respectively. However, the difference is not statistically significant for adult cattle. Moreover, poor and medium body conditioned animals were 2.19 (95% CI=1.04, 4.56, p=0.037) and 1.51 (95% CI=0.72, 3.13, p=0.273) times more likely to acquire foreign bodies than good body conditioned animals by keeping another factors constant. In the positive cases (N=83), 41(49.40%), 34(40.96%), 8(9.64%) and 0(0%) of the foreign bodies were found in the rumen, reticulum, both rumen and reticulum, and omasum, respectively. Majority of foreign bodies identified (79.51%) were non-metallic in nature, including clothes, plastics, rope,  sand and stone. Designing and implementation of appropriate solid waste disposal and management practices are strongly recommended to reduce the risk of ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies. Keyword: Abattoir; Cattle; Foreign body; Fore stomach; Prevalence

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with and without symptoms seeking care in Managua, Nicaragua: results of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051836
Author(s):  
Jorge A Huete-Pérez ◽  
Kacey C Ernst ◽  
Cristiana Cabezas-Robelo ◽  
Lucia Páiz-Medina ◽  
Sheyla Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectiveThis study aimed to capture key epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaraguan children (≤18 years) seeking medical care, between 6 October and 16 November 2020.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, 418 children were recruited: 319 with symptoms characteristic of COVID-19 and 99 with no symptoms of illness. Children were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. A questionnaire was employed to identify symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities and COVID-19 prevention measures.SettingResearch was carried out in four hospitals and two clinics in Managua, Nicaragua, where schools and businesses remained open throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsChildren were enrolled into a possible COVID-19 group if presenting with clinical symptoms. A comparison group included children lacking any COVID-19 symptoms attending routine check-ups or seeking care for issues unrelated to COVID-19.ResultsA high prevalence (43%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found, which was relatively equivalent in symptomatic and non-symptomatic children. Age distribution was similar between symptomatic and non-symptomatic children testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Symptomatic children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were 2.7 times more likely to have diarrhoea (26.7% in positive vs 12.0% in negative; OR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), p=0.001) and were 2.0 times more likely to have myalgia (17.8% in positive vs 9.8% in negative; OR=2.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.8), p=0.04). Children with COVID-19 symptoms, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, were more likely to be under age 5 years and to have a pre-existing comorbid condition than children who tested positive but did not have symptoms.ConclusionsThis is the first paediatric study to provide laboratory-confirmed data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaragua, crucial for paediatric health services planning and a successful COVID-19 response. The high prevalence of the virus suggests widespread and sustained community transmission, underscoring the urgent need for robust data on the true extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout Nicaragua.

Risk factors for ceftiofur resistance inEscherichia colifrom Belgian broilers

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PERSOONS ◽  
F. HAESEBROUCK ◽  
A. SMET ◽  
L. HERMAN ◽  
M. HEYNDRICKX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression Model ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study on 32 different Belgian broiler farms was performed in 2007 and 2008 to identify risk factors for ceftiofur resistance inEscherichia coli. On each farm, oneE. colicolony was isolated from 30 random birds. Following susceptibility testing of 14 antimicrobials, an on-farm questionnaire was used to obtain information on risk factors. Using a multilevel logistic regression model two factors were identified at the animal level: resistance to amoxicillin and to trimethoprim–sulfonamide. On the farm level, besides antimicrobial use, seven management factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of ceftiofur resistance inE. colifrom broilers: poor hygienic condition of the medicinal treatment reservoir, no acidification of drinking water, more than three feed changes during the production cycle, hatchery of origin, breed, litter material used, and treatment with amoxicillin. This study confirms that not only on-farm antimicrobial therapy, but also management- and hatchery-related factors influence the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonelladiarrhoeal infection among children in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 3486-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HARB ◽  
M. O'DEA ◽  
Z. K. HANAN ◽  
S. ABRAHAM ◽  
I. HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYWe conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among children aged <5 years in Thi-Qar Governorate, south-eastern Iraq, in order to examine the prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance associated with gastroenteritis caused bySalmonellainfection. From 320 diarrhoea cases enrolled between March and August 2016, 33 (10·3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·4–12·4) cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidalSalmonella enterica. The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (54%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ofSalmonellainfection in children from households supplied by pipe water was 4·7 (95% CI 1·6–13·9) times higher compared with those supplied with reverse osmosis treated water. Similarly, children from households with domestic animals were found to have a higher odds (OR 10·5; 95% CI 3·8–28·4) of beingSalmonellastool culture-positive. The likelihood ofSalmonellainfection was higher (OR 3·9; 95% CI 1·0–6·4) among children belonging to caregiver with primaryvs. tertiary education levels. Lower odds (OR 0·4; 95% CI 0·1–0·9) ofSalmonellainfection were associated with children exclusively breast fed as compared with those exclusively bottle fed.Salmonellainfection was three times lower (95% CI 0·1–0·7) in children belonging to caregiver who reported always washing hands after cleaning children following defecation,vs.those belonging to caregivers who did not wash hands. The antimicrobial resistance profile by disc diffusion revealed that non-susceptibility to tetracycline (78·8%), azithromycin (66·7%) and ciprofloxacin (57·6%) were the most commonly seen, and 84·9% ofSalmonellaisolates were classified as multi-drug resistant. This is the first study on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellainfection among children in this setting. This work provides specific epidemiological data which are crucial to understand and combat paediatric diarrhoea in Iraq.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in Portuguese pregnant women and vaginal colonization byGardnerella vaginalis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Machado ◽  
Joana Castro ◽  
José Martinez-de-Oliveira ◽  
Cristina Nogueira-Silva ◽  
Nuno Cerca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Northwest Region

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal colonization byGardnerella vaginalisand of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in Portuguese pregnant women, and to identify risk factors for BV andG. vaginaliscolonization in pregnancy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years who were attending in two public hospitals of the Northwest region of Portugal. Epidemiological data was collected by anonymous questionnaire. BV was diagnosed by Nugent criteria andG. vaginalispresence was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Crude associations between the study variables and BV orG. vaginaliscolonization were quantified by odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe prevalences of BV and ofG. vaginaliscolonization among Portuguese pregnant women were 3.88% and 67.48%, respectively. Previous preterm delivery and colonization byG. vaginaliswere factors with very high OR, but only statistically significant for a 90% CI. Conversely, higher rates ofG. vaginaliscolonization were found in women with basic educational level (OR = 2.77, 95% CI [1.33–5.78]), during the second trimester of pregnancy (OR = 6.12, 95% CI [1.80–20.85]) and with BV flora (OR = 8.73, 95% CI [0.50–153.60]).DiscussionDespite the lower number of women with BV, prevalence ratios and association with risk factors were similar to recent European studies. However, the percentage of healthy women colonized byG. vaginaliswas significantly higher than many previous studies, confirming thatG. vaginaliscolonization does not always lead to BV development.

A cross-sectional study of risk factors for obesity in cats in New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J Allan ◽  
D.U Pfeiffer ◽  
B.R Jones ◽  
D.H.B Esslemont ◽  
M.S Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Damilola Abiodun-Adwusi ◽  
Nwando Mba ◽  
Birgitte Helwigh ◽  
Rene S. Hendriksen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Carriage

Abstract The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistant E. coli among slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020. E. coli was isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDR E. coli was 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to Slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75 E. coli isolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the Slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDR E. coli. Prevalence of resistant E. coli was highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.

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