scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Damilola Abiodun-Adwusi ◽  
Nwando Mba ◽  
Birgitte Helwigh ◽  
Rene S. Hendriksen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Carriage

Abstract The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistant E. coli among slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020. E. coli was isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDR E. coli was 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to Slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75 E. coli isolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the Slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDR E. coli. Prevalence of resistant E. coli was highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Oluwadamilola Abiodun-Adewusi ◽  
Nwando Mba ◽  
Birgitte Helwigh ◽  
Rene S. Hendriksen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Carriage

AbstractThe increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistant E. coli among slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020. E. coli was isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41 years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDR E. coli was 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75 E. coli isolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDR E. coli. Prevalence of resistant E. coli was highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Evaluation of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzymes prevalence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Hedroosha Molla Agamirzaei ◽  
Ailar Sabbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistance to b-lactam antibiotics by gramnegative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, is a major public health issue worldwide. The predominant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria particularly <em>E. coli </em>is via the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes. In recent years, the prevalence of b-lactamase producing organisms is increased and identification of these isolates by using disk diffusion method and no-one else is not satisfactory. So, this investigation focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes by disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (Combined Disk). Five hundred clinical samples were collected and 200 <em>E. coli </em>isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. To performing initial screening of ESBLs was used from Disk diffusion method on <em>E. coli </em>isolates. A confirmation test (Combined Disk method) was performed on isolates of resistant to cephalosporin's indicators. Up to 70% isolates exhibited the Multi Drug Resistance phenotype. In Disk diffusion method, 128(64%) <em>E. coli </em>isolates which resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime while in Combined Disk, among 128 screened isolates, 115 (89.8%) isolates were detected as ESBLs producers. This survey indicate beta lactamase enzymes are playing a significant role in antibiotic resistance and correct detection of them in phenotypic test by using disk diffusion and combined Disk is essential for accurate recognition of ESBLs.

Pathogenic features of urinary Escherichia coli strains causing Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samane Mohebi ◽  
zahra Hashemizade ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
Soudeh Kholdi ◽  
Kasra Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the common problems in pregnancy. Pyelonephritis, preterm labor and low birth weight infants have been associated with bacterial infection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is frequently associated with complications. An observational cross-sectional study including investigated the prevalence of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and its relationship with phylogenetic groups among E. coli strains isolated from pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria who referred to Hafez hospital, Shiraz, Iran.Material and Methods A total of 300 urine samples were screened for Escherichia coli strains. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method. The phylogenetic groups and 13 virulence genes were identified by PCR. ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were detected using phenotypic methods. PCR was used to identify the bla TEM , bla SHV and bla CTXM genes in ESBL and AmpC-positive isolates.Results Our results revealed that among 300 urine samples, 105 (35%) were positive for E. coli . The data showed that the highest and the lowest resistance rates were observed against nalidixic acid (82.1%), and imipenem (2.8%), respectively. The prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC-β-lactamase, in the E. coli isolates was 41% and 9.5% respectively. bla CTXM was the commonest genotype (93%). Phylogenetic group distribution was as follow: B1 2.8%, A 14.2%, B2 61.9%, and D 4.6%. Our result showed that most of the virulence genes belonged to group B2 and also several virulence genes such as hlyA , cnf-1 , and papGII genes were positively associated with group B2. Conclusion Among E. coli strains isolated from patients with UTIs, different features phylogroups, with special virulence factors, could cause severe infection. Awareness about the Virulence patterns distribution among Phylogenetic groups of UPEC could greatly aid in confine and prevent the development of lethal infection caused by these strains.

Pathogenic features of urinary Escherichia coli strains causing Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samane Mohebi ◽  
zahra Hashemizade ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
Soudeh Kholdi ◽  
Kasra Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the common problems in pregnancy. Pyelonephritis, preterm labor and low birth weight infants have been associated with bacterial infection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is frequently associated with complications. An observational cross-sectional study including investigated the prevalence of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and its relationship with phylogenetic groups among E. coli strains isolated from pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria who referred to Hafez hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Material and Methods A total of 300 urine samples were screened for Escherichia coli strains. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method. The phylogenetic groups and 13 virulence genes were identified by PCR. ESBL and AmpC producing isolates were detected using phenotypic methods. PCR was used to identify the bla TEM , bla SHV and bla CTXM genes in ESBL and AmpC-positive isolates. Results Our results revealed that among 300 urine samples, 105 (35%) were positive for E. coli . The data showed that the highest and the lowest resistance rates were observed against nalidixic acid (82.1%), and imipenem (2.8%), respectively. The prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC-β-lactamase, in the E. coli isolates was 41% and 9.5% respectively. bla CTXM was the commonest genotype (93%). Phylogenetic group distribution was as follow: B1 2.8%, A 14.2%, B2 61.9%, and D 4.6%. Our result showed that most of the virulence genes belonged to group B2 and also several virulence genes such as hlyA , cnf-1 , and papGII genes were positively associated with group B2. Conclusion Among E. coli strains isolated from patients with UTIs, different features phylogroups, with special virulence factors, could cause severe infection. Awareness about the Virulence patterns distribution among Phylogenetic groups of UPEC could greatly aid in confine and prevent the development of lethal infection caused by these strains.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Avian Colibacillosis in Chitwan District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Thapa ◽  
A. Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Avian Disease

A cross-sectional study was conducted at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Chitwan to determine antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from avian colibacillosis cases of broilers and layers in Chitwan. One hundred and sixty (95 from broilers and 65 from layers) liver samples were collected aseptically during postmortem. Samples were taken purposively from dead birds showing lesions perihepatitis, pericarditis, air-saculitis, omphalitis and egg peritonitis. Isolation and identification were made by examination of cultural characteristics of E. coli in MacConkey’s agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of identified E. coli isolate was evaluated against six antibiotics of six different groups by disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. One hundred and three E. coliisolates (73 from broilers and 30 from layers) were isolated from one hundred and sixty samples. Highest resistance was observed against Ampicillin (100%) followed by Co-trimoxazole (86.40%), Doxycycline (46.60%), Levofloxacin (45.63%), Nitrofurantoin (26.21%) and Amikacin (10.68%). Nearly about all (96.12%) isolates from 103 isolated E. coli isolates showed multidrugs resistance to two or more than two antimicrobials. All multidrug resistance isolates showed 16 different patterns with each isolate being resistance to at least two drugs. The multiple antibiotic resistance indexing ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 and proportion of isolates with MAR index greater than 0.2 was 96.12%. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 52-60    

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Diarrhoea in Children at District Khairpur

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Samina Jatoi ◽  
Sham Lal ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Abdul Majid Ansari ◽  
Safdar Ali Ujjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production by Escherichia coli O157: H7. Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed and a total of 116 stool samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years presenting diarrhoea from hospital located at district Khairpur. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and isolates were initially characterized by Gram staining. Subsequently biochemical characteristics except oxidase test (which was performed manually) and drug sensitivity test was performed by using Automated MicroScan® walkaway machine. ESBL production by isolates was determined by disc diffusion method as per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 116 diarrheal samples tested, 16 (13.79%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. High number of E. coli O157: H7 were isolated from children aged up to 1 year followed by 2-3 years aged. Isolates were frequently found in summer season (12 times) followed by winter (3 times) and Autumn (1 time). The isolates were found 100% resistant against Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid, Norfloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin and 90% resistant to Cifixime. ESBL production was noted in 12 (75%) out of 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates as confirmed by CLSI protocol. Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli O157: H7 should be considered as major pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhea in children less than three years. The prevalence of ESBL producer MDR E. coli O157: H7 is of great concern, which requires monitoring of infection control measures through efficient antimicrobial management to ensure an uncompromised public health.

scholarly journals Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in diarrheic children in Egypt: molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mohamed M Ali ◽  
Salwa Fouad Ahmed ◽  
John D Klena ◽  
Zienat Kamel Mohamed ◽  
Tarek AA Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Group D

Introduction: Little information is available regarding the significance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in pediatric diarrhea in Egypt. Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated from stool samples of 62 diarrheic and 43 non-diarrheic (control) Egyptian children. Samples were screened for genes specific for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Diarrheagenic E. coli were grouped phylogenetically using PCR and tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Isolates designated as EAEC were examined for eight virulence factors (VFs) using PCR. Results: EAEC was detected in 19 (30.7%) and 4 (9.3%), EPEC in 2 (3.2%) and 1 (2.3%), and ETEC in 2 (3.2%) and 0 (0.0%) diarrheic and control children, respectively; STEC and EIEC were not detected. Only EAEC was significantly isolated from diarrheic children compared with controls (p < 0.01, OR = 4.31).Three or more VFs (multivirulent isolates) were found in 52.6% and 50% of EAEC isolated from diarrheic children and controls, respectively. More than 73% (17/23) of EAEC isolates were identified as belonging to phylogenetic group D. Multiple-antibiotic resistance (resistance to three or more drugs) was observed in more than 91% of EAEC. Conclusions: Multivirulent EAEC is a significant causative agent of pediatric diarrhea in Egypt, with the majority of isolated EAEC belong to phylogenetic group D. Multiple-antibiotic resistance among EAEC has the potential to be a serious public health problem for the country.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and their antibiogram associated with risk factors from diarrheic calves in Jimma Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Asfaw Ali ◽  
Tesfaye Sisay Tesema ◽  
Yosef Deneke Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

AbstractDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli are a number of pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrheal infection both in animal and human hosts due to their virulence factors. A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2016 and April, 2017 to isolate and molecularly detect pathogenic E. coli from diarrheic calves to determine the pathogenic strains, antibiogram and associated risk factors in Jimma town. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 112 fecal samples from diarrheic calves. Conventional culture and biochemical methods were conducted to isolate E. coli isolates. Molecular method was followed to identify virulence factors of pathogenic E. coli strains. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates were tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. A structured questionnaire was also used to collect information from dairy farms and socio-demographic data. The overall isolation rate of E. coli in calves was 51.8% (58/112) (95% CI 42.0–61.0). The occurrence of the bacterium differed significantly by age, colostrum feeding time, amount of milk given per time and navel treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of being infected was significantly highest in calves which fed 1–1.5 L amount of milk per a time (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.66–17.45, P = 0.005). The overall virulence genes detection rate was 53.5% (95% CI 40.0–67.0). Eleven (19.6%) of eaeA, 6 (10.7%) of Stx1 and 13 (23.2%) of Stx2 genes were detected from calves isolates. Except ciprofloxacillin, all isolates were resistant to at least one drug. Multi drug resistance was recorded in 68.0% (38/56) of calves isolates. Neomycin, 83.3% (25/30), followed by amoxicillin, 53.3% (16/30) were the highest resisted virulence genes. The study demonstrated considerable isolation rate, multiple antimicrobial resistant isolates and high resistant virulent genes in diarrheic calves. It also indicated that the potential importance of calves as source of pathogenic E. coli strains and resistant genes for human diarrhea infection. Improving the hygienic practice of farms and wise use of antimicrobials could help to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli in farms. Hence, further studies are needed to describe all virulent factors and serotypes associated with the emergence of drug resistant pathogenic E. coli strains in calves.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Amir Husni Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

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