scholarly journals Analysis of measles-related hospitalizations in Tuscany from 2000 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BERTI ◽  
S. SOLLAI ◽  
E. ORLANDINI ◽  
L. GALLI ◽  
M. DE MARTINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Discharge Database

SUMMARYTo evaluate measles incidence and its relevant changes over a 14-year period (2000–2014), we analysed data from the regional hospital discharge database on children and adults hospitalized in Tuscany, Italy. A total of 181 paediatric and 413 adult cases were identified. Despite all the efforts towards regional measles elimination, we observed that the overall measles hospitalization rates for children and adults living in Tuscany globally increased from 0·45 to 0·85/100 000 during the study period (P = 0·001) showing fluctuations due to periodic measles outbreaks. Data stratified by age group showed that the hospitalization rate significantly increased in young adults over the study period, confirming an increase in susceptibility to measles in this subpopulation. Conversely, no statistically significant difference was observed in the hospitalization rate in the other age groups. However, children aged <1 year still exhibit the highest hospitalization rate. Pneumonia represented the most common complication in both the adult and children subsets. No death was reported. Measles still represents a public health problem, and national strategies should be implemented, focusing on emergent susceptible subsets, such as infants and young adults.

scholarly journals Trends of Hospitalization for Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Slovenian Children and Adolescents with and without Dual Disorder. Implications for a Correct Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Mercedes Lovrecic ◽  
Barbara Lovrecic ◽  
Mateja Rok Simon ◽  
Ales Korosec ◽  
Filippo Della Rocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Ethanol Abuse

Background: Binge drinking and other forms of ethanol abuse are, when present, a serious problem in preteens and adolescents worldwide. Aim: The present study has analyzed the trend in alcohol-related intoxications requiring the hospitalization of children, adolescents and young adults aged less than 21 years in Slovenia in the 1999–2018 period. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on patients discharged after hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders due to acute alcohol intoxication (MBDAAI) or hospitalizations due to the toxic effects of alcohol (TEA We considered three groups: children (aged 10–14), adolescents (aged 15–19) and young adults (20–21 years old). Hospitalization rates and time trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression to obtain the annually calculated age- and sex-specific rates and the annual percentage of change (APC). Results: Considering a total of 2912 MBDAAI-hospitalizations, 15–19-year-old subjects showed a significantly higher hospitalization rate compared to the immediately younger and older age groups and a significant increase in hospitalization rates in the period 1999–2011, followed by a significant decrease. Considering 1143 TEA-hospitalizations, we observed a continuous decrease in the hospitalization rates for children and young adults and, conversely, a continuous even if less than significant increase for adolescents aged 15–19. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption in Slovenian children and adolescents is a highly important health concern. Special attention to public health problem of severe alcohol abuse requiring hospitalization in children and adolescents is needed, especially with possible crisis of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 situation.

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Nigerian Schoolchildren: Relationship With Dietary Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Rufina Ayogu
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Haenszel Test

Background: Undernutrition among schoolchildren is a prevalent public health problem which may be due to inadequate energy and nutrient intakes associated with low dietary diversity. Objective: This study assessed dietary diversity scores (DDS), energy and nutrient intakes of schoolchildren (6-15 years), and risks factors of DDS and determined if energy and nutrient intakes were dependent on dietary diversity. Methods: The study involved a 2-stage random sampling of 90 schoolchildren. Dietary diversity and nutrient intake data were obtained through a 3-day weighed food intake. Analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to determine relationships among and between variables; P < .05 was reported as significant. Results: Few (22.2%) had high DDS with no significant difference ( P > .05) between age groups and sex. Children from male headed households were more likely to have medium DDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.037-10.070) than those from female headed households ( P < .05). Low nutrient intakes were observed among 85.6% for niacin, 76.7% for calcium, 72.2% for riboflavin, 54.4% for protein, 32.2% for thiamine, and 15.6% for vitamin C. Among boys, prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake was significantly ( P < .05) higher among 6- to 9-year-olds. Among girls, prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was significantly ( P < .01) higher among 10 to 15-year-olds. Children with adequate intakes of iron (OR = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.653-0.847) and thiamine (OR = 5.651, 95% CI = 1.214-26.310) were more likely to have high DDS. Conclusion: The schoolchildren had low energy and nutrient intakes. Iron and thiamine, intakes were dependent on DDS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals Change in disparities of dietary quality score (FSAm-NPS) in adolescents and young adults between 2004 and 2014 in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Manon Rouche ◽  
Karin De Ridder ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Of Inequality

AbstractIntroductionThe transition from adolescence toward adulthood is a critical period regarding changes in dietary behaviours. Moreover at these ages, socio-economic and regional disparities in food group consumption are observed. The aim of our study was to determine how the nutritional quality of diet, measured by the modified Nutrient Profiling System of the British Food Standards Agency (FSAm-NPS), evolved between 2004 and 2014, according to socio-economic and regional characteristics of adolescents and young adults living in Belgium.Material and methodsTwo non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were carried out in two nationally-representative samples of 15-to-39-year-old respondents included in the Belgian Food Consumption Surveys in 2004 (n = 1,186) and 2014 (n = 952). Weighting factor (according to age, gender, day of recall, season and province) and sample design were considered. The weighted mean individual FSAm-NPS was computed from all foods and beverages consumed and converted into a scale from 0 (less favourable diet) to 100 (more favourable diet). Slope (SII) and Relative (RII) Index of Inequality were compared between 2004 and 2014 in three age groups (15–18 y, 19–25 y and 26–39 y), adjusting for gender, energy intake, and other socio-economic and regional characteristics.ResultsIn the three age groups, the weighted mean FSAm-NPS significantly increased between 2004 and 2014 (2004: 55.2 (SEM: 0.2) vs. 2014: 57.3 (0.5), p < 0.001 in 15–18-year-olds; 54.9 (0.6) vs. 58.0 (0.4), p < 0.001 in 19–25-year-olds; 56.9 (0.3) vs 58.3 (0.3), p < 0.01 in 26–39-year-olds). While a significant FSAm-NPS gradient was observed according to household education among 15–18- and 26–39-year-olds in 2004 (adjusted SII: 2.56 (95% CI: 1.08–4.04) and 2.73 (0.34–5.12), respectively; RII: 1.05 (1.02–1.08) and 1.05 (1.01–1.09)), no significant difference was found in 2014. Conversely, no significant score disparity was observed according to household type in 2004, but disparities appeared in 2014: index of inequality were significant among subjects aged 19–25 y (SII: 3.89 (0.62–7.17); RII: 1.07 (1.01–1.13)) and 26–39 y (SII: 2.74 (0.31–5.17); RII: 1.05 (1.01–1.09)), the FSAm-NPS being more favourable for those living in two-parent families. The FSAm-NPS was generally higher for subjects living in Flanders than those in Wallonia (significant SII and RII only among 26–39-year-olds), the magnitude of regional disparities remaining stable over time.DiscussionOverall FSAm-NPS improved during this 10-year period, but differentially according to family structure and household education. However, statistical power was weakened by the limited sample size. Additional investigations of changes in food group consumption disparities will complement our interpretations.

scholarly journals Comparison of epidemiology, treatments, and outcomes in pediatric versus adult ependymoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladine A Elsamadicy ◽  
Andrew B Koo ◽  
Wyatt B David ◽  
Victor Lee ◽  
Cheryl K Zogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mounting evidence supports the presence of heterogeneity in the presentation of ependymoma patients with respect to location, histopathology, and behavior between pediatric and adult patients. However, the influence of age on treatment outcomes in ependymoma remains obscure. Methods The SEER database years 1975–2016 were queried. Patients with a diagnosis of ependymoma were identified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition, coding system. Patients were classified into one of 4 age groups: children (age 0–12 years), adolescents (age 13–21 years), young adults (age 22–45 years), and older adults (age &gt;45 years). The weighed multivariate analysis assessed the impact of age on survival outcomes following surgical treatment. Results There were a total of 6076 patients identified with ependymoma, of which 1111 (18%) were children, 529 (9%) were adolescents, 2039 (34%) were young adults, and 2397 (40%) were older adults. There were statistically significant differences between cohorts with respect to race (P &lt; .001), anatomical location (P &lt; .001), extent of resection (P &lt; .001), radiation use (P &lt; .001), tumor grade (P &lt; .001), histological classification (P &lt; .001), and all-cause mortality (P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference between cohorts with respect to gender (P = .103). On multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with all-cause mortality rates included males (vs females), supratentorial location (vs spinal cord tumors), and radiation treatment (vs no radiation). Conclusions Our study using the SEER database demonstrates the various demographic and treatment risk factors that are associated with increased rates of all-cause mortality between the pediatric and adult populations following a diagnosis of ependymoma.

Depression Among Tunisian Young Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s244-s244
Author(s):  
O. Zerriaa ◽  
O. Moula ◽  
S. Ben Saadi ◽  
S. Chebli ◽  
R. Ghachem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Transversal Study ◽  
Two Age Groups

IntroductionIn the Tunisian cultural context, the mother is in charge of childcare, housekeeping and the well-being of the whole family, which can lead to exhaustion and depression.ObjectiveTo estimate the frequency of depression among mothers aged between 20 and 40 years, its consequences and the possible solutions.MethodTransversal study using an anonymous questionnaire of 26 questions published through social media sites to mother with young aged children.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven mothers participated in the study: 20% of them aged between 20 and 30 years and 80% between 30 and 40. Ninety-seven percent of the participants were married; 96% of them had university education. Seventy-nine percent of them were working mothers and 50% of them did not get any help in childcare. Forty-two percent of the participants had only 1 child, 49% had 2 children, 8% 3 children and only 1 mother had 4 children. Depressive symptoms were present in 73% of the participants and were significantly higher among mothers aged between 30 and 40. However, depression was certain in only 36% of them and there was no significant difference between the two age groups. Eighteen percent of the participants noticed an increase in consummation of cigarettes, 31% resorted to tranquilizers, 25% needed sick leaves, and 2% resorted to alcohol use. Less working hours was suggested as a solution in 36% cases, sharing house chores in 30% cases.ConclusionDepression among young mother is a public health problem in Tunisia. It is underestimated and not always treated, which can have a serious impact on the whole family well-being.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Keto-Acids and Pyruvate in Blood: Measurement by HPLC with Fluorimetric Detection and Changes in Older Subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Pailla ◽  
Françoise Blonde-Cynober ◽  
Christian Aussel ◽  
Jean-Pascal De Bandt ◽  
Luc Cynober
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Keto Acids

Abstract Background: Measurement of keto-acids is important in various clinical situations. The aim of the present work was to develop a rapid HPLC method for the determination of keto-acids in human serum and to assess the concentrations of these acids in young adults and institutionalized elderly adults. This method was applied to the determination of blood keto-acid concentrations of young adults and institutionalized elderly people, divided into age groups Methods: Four keto-acids (α-ketoisocaproate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, and pyruvate) were derivatized with o-phenylenediamine to give fluorescent derivatives. After the sample preparation step (75 min to prepare 20 samples), the derivatives were separated chromatographically on a reversed-phase column using a binary gradient. Results: The fluorometric detection of the four keto-acids was rapid, &lt;12 min. The method is repeatable and reproducible: the CVs were &lt;6% and &lt;11%, respectively, for each of the keto-acids. We found no significant difference between males and females. Concentrations of the branched-chain keto-acids decreased after age 60 years, especially α-ketoisocaproate, which decreased ∼40%. Conclusions: The proposed method allows rapid and reliable measurement of keto-acids. The data demonstrate that changes in branched-chain keto-acids concentrations in serum occur with age.

Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis Using Immunochromatography and Microscopy in Three Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maurice ◽  
E.U Sode ◽  
I.B Otu-Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference

Human Lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by three types of filarial worms; Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugiatimori is one of the neglected tropical diseases and spread by bites of infected Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Ochleratus andMansoni mosquitoes. The study evaluated diagnostic methods using blood samples from 420 consented participants in threeLocal Government Areas of Cross River State. Blood samples were examined following one hour of administration ofDiethylcarbamazine citrate for LF microfilaria microscopy (Knott’s concentration) and for LF antigen usingimmunochromatographic (ICT) method (Alere filariasis test strip). Of the 420 samples examined, 1.7% was found to bepositive using microscopy while 4.8% were positive using ICT. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis oflymphatic filariasis using microscopy and ICT among participants in the local government areas (χ2= 21.84, p>0.05). Of the214 males and 206 females examined, 4.2% males and 5.3% females tested positive using ICT while 1.4% males and 1.9%females were found positive using microscopy. The difference in the infection between gender was statistically significant(χ2=0.298, p<0.05). Participants aged 21-24 years had the highest prevalence of 19.4% while the least prevalence of 1.5%was observed among age group 9-12years using ICT. Also, no significant difference was observed in the diagnosis of LFamong the age groups (χ2= 19.88, p>0.05). The study showed that LF still remains a public health problem in Cross RiverState. Mass drug administration should be scaled up in the state so as to reduce and finally eradicate the disease. Keywords: Diagnosis, Lymphatic filariasis, Immunochromatography, Microscopy

Transcript levels of cytokine coding genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with periodontitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Leila Gholami ◽  
Fwad Nicknafs ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Shahram Arsang-Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Significant Difference

Periodontal diseases are common conditions in almost all age groups and a public health problem. Numerous risk factors have been demonstrated for this condition. The main mechanism of tissue destruction in the periodontitis is the functional interactions between microbial pathogens and host immune responses, thus cytokines have crucial roles in the pathogenesis periodontitis. Our previous study has demonstrated the susceptibility role of HLA-DRB1*04 allele in development of this disease. So, the individuals who were positive for HLA-DRB1*04 allele were excluded. We aimed to appraise the function of cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis via assessment of tissue and blood levels of a number of cytokine coding genes, namely IL-1B, CXCL8, IL-17, IFNG, TGFB and TNFA1. Expressions of IFNG, IL-17, TGFB and TNFA1 were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of individuals with periodontitis compared with unaffected persons (Posterior beta = 1.91, P value = 0.043; Posterior beta = 1.84, P value = 0.033; Posterior beta = 0.713, P value = 0.009 and Posterior beta = 2.85, P value = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, expression of IL-17 was higher in females compared with males (Posterior beta = 1.47, P value = 0.036). As the interaction effect between gender and group was remarkable for IL-17 expression, we further conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Expression of IL-17 was higher in male patients compared with unaffected males (Posterior beta = 1.9, P value = 0.048). We did not detect any significant difference in the expression of these cytokines in tissues obtained from affected individuals and unaffected controls. Therefore, our results imply dysregulation of cytokine coding genes in patients with periodontitis and warrant further mechanistical studies.

Changes in the prevalence of hospitalization and comorbidity in US adults with stroke: A three decade cross-sectional and birth cohort analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjian Liu ◽  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Yong Long ◽  
Arshpreet Kaur Mallhi ◽  
Kathan Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

Background and purpose Little attention was paid to the transition of care for stroke that may partially explain the long-term trend of stroke rates. We aimed to test the trend of hospitalization attributable to stroke in US adults. Methods Data from National Hospital Discharge Surveys 1980–2010 in patients aged ≥18 (n = 6,527,304) were analyzed to examine the trend of patients with first-list diagnoses of stroke. Stroke comorbidities were classified in stroke patients with second- to seven-listed diagnoses of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, or hyperlipidemia. Stroke trends by survey years and birth cohorts were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and birth cohorts methods. Results Of the total study sample, the prevalence of hospitalization due to stroke was 22.99%, 30.00%, and 27.03% in years of 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2010 in males, and 17.30%, 22.04%, and 19.34% in females, respectively. Overall, hospitalization rates in stroke patients significantly increased among adults aged <65, and decreased in adults aged ≥65. There was an increase in stroke hospitalization rate in the old adults aged ≥65 in recent birth cohorts. Significant increased trends of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, and hyperlipidemia were observed from 1980 to 2010. Conclusion A significant increase in stroke hospitalization rate was observed in adults aged <65 in the past three decades, and in old adults in recent years. Increases in stroke comorbidity rates were observed in all age groups. Findings from the study highlight that both public health and clinical practices face a serious challenge in controlling this unwelcome increased stroke trend.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document