scholarly journals The association between sporadic Legionnaires' disease and weather and environmental factors, Minnesota, 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Passer ◽  
R. N. Danila ◽  
E. S. Laine ◽  
K. J. Como-Sabetti ◽  
W. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Precipitation Temperature ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

Abstract From 2011 through 2018, there was a notable increase in sporadic Legionnaires' disease in the state of Minnesota. Sporadic cases are those not associated with a documented outbreak. Outbreak-related cases are typically associated with a common identified contaminated water system; sporadic cases typically do not have a common source that has been identified. Because of this, it is hypothesised that weather and environmental factors can be used as predictors of sporadic Legionnaires' disease. An ecological design was used with case report surveillance data from the state of Minnesota during 2011 through 2018. Over this 8-year period, there were 374 confirmed Legionnaires' disease cases included in the analysis. Precipitation, temperature and relative humidity (RH) data were collected from weather stations across the state. A Poisson regression analysis examined the risk of Legionnaires' disease associated with precipitation, temperature, RH, land-use and age. A lagged average 14-day precipitation had the strongest association with Legionnaires' disease (RR 2.5, CI 2.1–2.9), when accounting for temperature, RH, land-use and age. Temperature, RH and land-use also had statistically significant associations to Legionnaires' disease, but with smaller risk ratios. This study adds to the body of evidence that weather and environmental factors play an important role in the risk of sporadic Legionnaires' disease. This is an area that can be used to target additional research and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Lab Diagnosis of Legionnaires’ Disease

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Nayeem U-Din Wani ◽  
Aamir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water System ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

Legionnaires’ disease is a multi-system disease which causes atypical pneumonia due to Legionella bacteria, most commonly of the species Legionella pneumophila. About one out of every 10 people who get sick from Legionnaires’ disease will die. Most common source of infection-contaminated water supply through inhalation of contaminated water droplets (aerosols). A laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease can be made using a variety of laboratory tests including: culture/isolation of the causative organism, antigen detection in urine, a significant rise in antibody titres or PCR methods. Determination of the monoclonal subtype and molecular sequence typing can support linking between strains from the sampled environment and from patients. The control measures available to reduce the amount of Legionella in a water system include structural adaptations to the water system, temperature control, disinfection using chemicals or other oxidizing materials, and use of biocides or installation of filters. JMS 2014;17(2):50-54

Environment and Public Health: Actual Issues of Health Care Organization and Medical Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I. P. Bobrovnitsky ◽  
◽  
N. S. Prilipko ◽  
V. V. Turbinsky ◽  
M.Yu. Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 642 of 01.12.2016, provide for the improvement of health-saving technologies, which in this article have been considered from the standpoint of their focusing on reducing health risks caused by the adverse impact of environmental factors, including by increasing the functional and adaptive reserves of the body. The article analyzes in order to improve regulatory legal documents in the field of improving the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and hygienic education of the population. Also, a critical analysis of the state of educational activities provided at the state level in the field of higher professional education and postgraduate training of medical workers in the direction (specialties): medical and preventive care, medical care, public health and healthcare. Concluded that to ensure scientific and technological development of the country's need to expand educational and enlightening activities on issues of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, hygiene, public health and organization of health care in health care organizations, and also outside in all major sectors of economy and business, in the sphere of organized tourism and recreation, SPA, fitness centers, educational organizations, sports, social welfare and life of the population, especially in terms of prevention, that in accordance with Federal Law № 323 of 21.11.2011 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" provides for measures to eliminate the harmful influence of environmental factors. Proposals and additions to the relevant state regulatory documents of the Russian Federation that have already been approved and are currently under development are given.

PATHOGENETIC MARKERS OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Виткина ◽  
Tatyana Vitkina ◽  
Людмила Веремчук ◽  
Lyudmila Veremchuk ◽  
Ирина Симонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the integral parameters of respiratory function, the values of LPO-AOD system and NO level at bronchopulmonary pathology in individuals living in different ecological areas of the city of Vladivostok. 206 patients living in different ecological conditions (healthy individuals, patients with respiratory disorders) were examined. Lung function and the state of LPO-AOD system were studied; the concentration of NO metabolites was assessed in blood serum. The nature and strength of the impact of environmental factors on respiratory function, the state of LPO-AOD, NO level were studied by the method based on correlation analysis. There was calculated power index (D) which was differentiated into power within the system (Ds) which in its turn reflects the in-system interrelationship tension (LPO-AOD, respiratory) and power between systems (Dm) characterizing the activity of interconnections and response to an external stimulus. Intra-system dependences typical for the unfavorable zone were viewed in relation to the favorable zone. It was found out that in ecologically unfavorable regions in individuals with different bronchopulmonary pathologies the value of Ds increases. This indicates that the pathogenic influence of environmental factors increases. In healthy people living in ecologically unfavourable area physiological adaptive-compensatory reaction of the body was revealed, which was proved by high power interconnections (Dm). In the patients with chronic bronchitis there was maintained an adequate level of functioning of the body systems studied. In patients with COPD living in an unfavourable zone there were found strong links between the indicators of the system of LPO-AOD and of NO, and in patients with bronchial asthma - supplementary relationship between lung function and NO. At the same time pathologic changes in the system of LPO-AOD and NO depend on the general pollution, metal and gas components contained in the air. Thus, the people with respiratory diseases being in environmentally unfavorable conditions have the most negative influence. The analysis of the activity of relationships proved that violations of interaction of LPO-AOD systems and NO in ecologically unfavorable regions may contribute to the occurrence and progression of bronchopulmonary diseases.

Immunoprophylaxis. Its role in sports medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
I.E. Starikov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Achieving high results in sports directly depends on the biological characteristics of the athlete’s body and the state of his health, which, in turn, is determined by the adequate functioning of the integrative systems of the body: immune, endocrine and nervous. At the same time, modern sport is associated with the presence of many factors that adversely affect the state of the athlete’s immunity. These include physical activity that is on the verge of a person’s physiological capabilities, states of extreme psychological stress, changes in climatic-zone conditions when moving athletes over long distances, unfavorable environmental factors leading to hypothermia (the same stress). A decrease in the activity of the immune system leads to the emergence of immune dysfunctions, as a result of which the risk of the occurrence of infectious colds and exacerbation of chronic pathology significantly increases. The presence of these facts indicates the need for the prophylactic use of immunotherapy.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

La systémique: son apport à la sylviculture et son rapport au marché | Systemics: its contribution to silviculture and its connection to the market

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Guido Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Living System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Forest Management Plan

The silvicultural principles of a forest management plan for Canton Neuchâtel reveals itself as steeped in a systemic approach that allows us to consider the forest as a truly living system. In this context, it seems judicious to the author to conceive of the body forest personnel as a group of responsible people who share certain common ethics and who, in their work, promote the emergence of collective services recognised as beneficial to the state and which would be supported by public funding for the good of the entire community.

A Litreary Review of Vishama Jwara and its principle of treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Saurabh Parauha ◽  
Hullur M. A. ◽  
Prashanth A. S.
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

In Ayurveda, Jwara is not merely the concept of raised body temperature, but as is said in Charaka Samhita, 'Deha- Indriya- Manah- Santap' is the cardinal symptoms of Jwara. This can be defined as the state where the body, mind as well as sense oragans suffer due to the high temperature. Vishamajwara is a type of fever, which is described in all Ayurvedic texts. Charaka mentioned Vishamajwara and Chakrapani have commented on Vishamajwara as Bhutanubanda, Susruta affirmed that Aagantuchhanubhandohi praysho Vishamajware. Madhavakara has also recognised Vishamajwara as Bhutabhishangajanya (infected by microorganism). Vishamajwara is irregular (inconsistent) in it's Arambha (nature of onset commitment), Kriya (action production of symptoms) and Kala (time of appearance) and possesses Anushanga (persistence for long periods). The treatment of this disease depends upon Vegavastha and Avegavastha of Jwara. Various Shodhana and Shamana procedures are mentioned in classics to treat Visham Jwara.

scholarly journals A High Efficiency Low Noise RF-to-DC Converter Employing Gm-Boosting Envelope Detector and Offset Canceled Latch Comparator

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Pham ◽  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Seo-Hyeong Jeong ◽  
Junghyup Lee ◽  
Donggu Im
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Conversion Gain ◽  
Input Transistor ◽  
Envelope Detector

This work presents a high efficiency RF-to-DC conversion circuit composed of an LC-CL balun-based Gm-boosting envelope detector, a low noise baseband amplifier, and an offset canceled latch comparator. It was designed to have high sensitivity with low power consumption for wake-up receiver (WuRx) applications. The proposed envelope detector is based on a fully integrated inductively degenerated common-source amplifier with a series gate inductor. The LC-CL balun circuit is merged with the core of the envelope detector by sharing the on-chip gate and source inductors. The proposed technique doubles the transconductance of the input transistor of the envelope detector without any extra power consumption because the gate and source voltage on the input transistor operates in a differential mode. This results in a higher RF-to-DC conversion gain. In order to improve the sensitivity of the wake-up radio, the DC offset of the latch comparator circuit is canceled by controlling the body bias voltage of a pair of differential input transistors through a binary-weighted current source cell. In addition, the hysteresis characteristic is implemented in order to avoid unstable operation by the large noise at the compared signal. The hysteresis window is programmable by changing the channel width of the latch transistor. The low noise baseband amplifier amplifies the output signal of the envelope detector and transfers it into the comparator circuit with low noise. For the 2.4 GHz WuRx, the proposed envelope detector with no external matching components shows the simulated conversion gain of about 16.79 V/V when the input power is around the sensitivity of −60 dBm, and this is 1.7 times higher than that of the conventional envelope detector with the same current and load. The proposed RF-to-DC conversion circuit (WuRx) achieves a sensitivity of about −65.4 dBm based on 45% to 55% duty, dissipating a power of 22 μW from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

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