Immunoprophylaxis. Its role in sports medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
I.E. Starikov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Achieving high results in sports directly depends on the biological characteristics of the athlete’s body and the state of his health, which, in turn, is determined by the adequate functioning of the integrative systems of the body: immune, endocrine and nervous. At the same time, modern sport is associated with the presence of many factors that adversely affect the state of the athlete’s immunity. These include physical activity that is on the verge of a person’s physiological capabilities, states of extreme psychological stress, changes in climatic-zone conditions when moving athletes over long distances, unfavorable environmental factors leading to hypothermia (the same stress). A decrease in the activity of the immune system leads to the emergence of immune dysfunctions, as a result of which the risk of the occurrence of infectious colds and exacerbation of chronic pathology significantly increases. The presence of these facts indicates the need for the prophylactic use of immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Outdoor Activity: Benefits and Risks to Recreational Runners during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswar Makruf ◽  
Doni Hikmat Ramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Open Window ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Running has become one of the most popular recreational sports worldwide. It is an easily accessible form of exercise as there are minimal equipment and sport structure requirements. Aerodynamic simulation experiments showed a risk of droplet exposure between runners when two people run in a straight line at a close distance (slipstream). Thus, running activities require a safe physical distance of 10 meters to avoid droplet exposure, which can be a source of transmission of COVID-19 infection. However, running outdoors during the COVID-19 pandemic is still often done in pairs and even in groups without wearing a mask. Open window theory stated that changes in the immune system occur immediately after strenuous physical activity. Many immune system components showed adverse changes after prolonged strenuous activity lasting more than 90 minutes. These changes occurred in several parts of the body, such as the skin, upper respiratory tract, lungs, blood, and muscles. Most of these changes reflected physiological stress and immunosuppression. It is thought that an “open window” of the compromised immune system occurs in the 3–72-hour period after vigorous physical exercise, where viruses and bacteria can gain a foothold, increasing the risk of infection, particularly in the upper respiratory tract. Outdoor physical activity positively affects psychological, physiological, biochemical health parameters, and social relationships. However, this activity requires clear rules so that the obtained benefits can be more significant while simultaneously minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals The State of the Cardiovascular System of Qualified Table Tennis Athletes at the Stage of Competitive Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Ulizko V. M. ◽  
◽  
V. R. Kryzhanivsky ◽  
T. M. Zakharkevich ◽  
I. L. Belyavsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Component

The condition of the cardiovascular system is one of the important criteria for assessing the impact of sports training on the human body. According to the indicators characterizing the state of the cardiovascular system, it is possible to trace the changes associated with fluctuations in the level of training, as well as to identify signs of overload as early as possible. The study of adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system in athletes under physical activity is an important indicator for sports practice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quantitative criteria for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system and approaches to correct the functional state of qualified athletes specializing in table tennis. Materials and methods. Studies of heart rate variability, quantitative and qualitative indicators that sufficiently reflect the autonomic functions of the body were used in order to assess the state of autonomic regulation in highly qualified athletes. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. Results and discussion. Adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system to competitive and training loads in the competitive period in qualified athletes are characterized by a significant decrease in heart rate (from 84.75±1.74 beats / min to 74.8±0.38 beats / min). In addition, a significantly faster process of restoring heart rate was established after exercise in the group of qualified athletes, compared with athletes of the category 1 at 4 (p >0.05) and 5 (p >0.05) minutes, respectively. According to the indicators of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, activation of the parasympathetic link prevails in athletes of the category 1 in comparison with qualified athletes activation (according to high-frequency component, p <0.05). Significantly higher rates of individual parts of the body compared to low-skilled athletes were found out: the hormonal system (the indicator responsible for the hormonal part of the body – very low-frequency component) and the nervous system (indicators of the sympathetic nervous system – low frequency component). There are significantly higher values of the magnitude of the heart rate spectrum and high-frequency component at p <0.05, which indicates a higher power of all units of the parasympathetic regulation in the category 1 in relation to masters of sports and candidates masters of sports. Conclusion. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. The analysis showed that the spectral characteristics of heart rate variability significantly differ between groups of athletes with different dominance that are observed only in terms of high-frequency component, which in turn led to a change in the sympathetic-vagal balance

Possibilities of recombinant cytokines in the structure of training of highly qualified athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
S.P. Alpatov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

Serious sports achievements are associated with extreme impacts on the human body: psycho-emotional and physical loads of the training period, competitions requiring the mobilization of all the adaptive reserves of the body, changes in climatic conditions when athletes move long distances, adverse environmental factors leading to hypothermia. The combination of these factors has a depressing effect on the immune system. The emergence of immune disorders in athletes during periods of extreme physical and psycho-emotional stress made it possible to identify the mechanisms of adaptation failure and depletion of immunity reserves, which requires corrective measures. Roncoleukin® is a complete structural and functional analogue of endogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) and has the same spectrum of functional activity. It is able to compensate for the deficiency of IL-2 and reproduce its effects as one of the key components of the cytokine network.

Environment and Public Health: Actual Issues of Health Care Organization and Medical Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I. P. Bobrovnitsky ◽  
◽  
N. S. Prilipko ◽  
V. V. Turbinsky ◽  
M.Yu. Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 642 of 01.12.2016, provide for the improvement of health-saving technologies, which in this article have been considered from the standpoint of their focusing on reducing health risks caused by the adverse impact of environmental factors, including by increasing the functional and adaptive reserves of the body. The article analyzes in order to improve regulatory legal documents in the field of improving the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and hygienic education of the population. Also, a critical analysis of the state of educational activities provided at the state level in the field of higher professional education and postgraduate training of medical workers in the direction (specialties): medical and preventive care, medical care, public health and healthcare. Concluded that to ensure scientific and technological development of the country's need to expand educational and enlightening activities on issues of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, hygiene, public health and organization of health care in health care organizations, and also outside in all major sectors of economy and business, in the sphere of organized tourism and recreation, SPA, fitness centers, educational organizations, sports, social welfare and life of the population, especially in terms of prevention, that in accordance with Federal Law № 323 of 21.11.2011 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" provides for measures to eliminate the harmful influence of environmental factors. Proposals and additions to the relevant state regulatory documents of the Russian Federation that have already been approved and are currently under development are given.

AUTOMATED WORKPLACES FOR FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Nataliya Aralova ◽  
◽  
Larisa Shakhlina ◽  
Albina Aralova ◽  
Svetlana Kalytka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Respiratory Gases

One of the most important tasks in modern sport's training for the sport of highest achievements is the ability to control the state of the athlete's body in the process of training and competitive activities. For this purpose, the use of systems registering and analyzing information about the functional capabilities of an athlete in the dynamics of his activity, allows you to provide an individual approach when planning and correcting training loads. This is especially important for medical and pedagogical examination. The development of methods and means for increasing physical performance and, in particular, in the practice of high-performance sports, is one of the most important principles of modern sports medicine, physiology of labor and sports. In the practice of modern sports medicine, when carrying out mass examinations of athletes, the approach based on the proposed A.Z. Kolchinskaya concept on the regulation of the body's oxygen regimes, which allows to give a general characteristic of gas homeostasis, to diagnose the main syndromes associated with disorders of the transport of respiratory gases in the body, to assess the functional state of the body at all stages of the annual cycle of sports training and during the post-exercise recovery period. Since this work is associated with a large number of calculations and subsequent processing of the information received, it is necessary to use modern means of modern information support. Thus, the automated information system (AIS) for the functional diagnostics of athletes allows many times to speed up the processing of data obtained during the examination of athletes, centrally accumulate information for its preprocessing, storage and collective use of the AIS, is equipped with convenient services for graphical and tabular presentation of data, allows analyzing the dynamics of functional the state of athletes in the annual cycle of their training, as well as at the stage of the 4-year training Olympic cycle.

PATHOGENETIC MARKERS OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Виткина ◽  
Tatyana Vitkina ◽  
Людмила Веремчук ◽  
Lyudmila Veremchuk ◽  
Ирина Симонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the integral parameters of respiratory function, the values of LPO-AOD system and NO level at bronchopulmonary pathology in individuals living in different ecological areas of the city of Vladivostok. 206 patients living in different ecological conditions (healthy individuals, patients with respiratory disorders) were examined. Lung function and the state of LPO-AOD system were studied; the concentration of NO metabolites was assessed in blood serum. The nature and strength of the impact of environmental factors on respiratory function, the state of LPO-AOD, NO level were studied by the method based on correlation analysis. There was calculated power index (D) which was differentiated into power within the system (Ds) which in its turn reflects the in-system interrelationship tension (LPO-AOD, respiratory) and power between systems (Dm) characterizing the activity of interconnections and response to an external stimulus. Intra-system dependences typical for the unfavorable zone were viewed in relation to the favorable zone. It was found out that in ecologically unfavorable regions in individuals with different bronchopulmonary pathologies the value of Ds increases. This indicates that the pathogenic influence of environmental factors increases. In healthy people living in ecologically unfavourable area physiological adaptive-compensatory reaction of the body was revealed, which was proved by high power interconnections (Dm). In the patients with chronic bronchitis there was maintained an adequate level of functioning of the body systems studied. In patients with COPD living in an unfavourable zone there were found strong links between the indicators of the system of LPO-AOD and of NO, and in patients with bronchial asthma - supplementary relationship between lung function and NO. At the same time pathologic changes in the system of LPO-AOD and NO depend on the general pollution, metal and gas components contained in the air. Thus, the people with respiratory diseases being in environmentally unfavorable conditions have the most negative influence. The analysis of the activity of relationships proved that violations of interaction of LPO-AOD systems and NO in ecologically unfavorable regions may contribute to the occurrence and progression of bronchopulmonary diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary, Socioeconomic, and Physical Factors on Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren Living in Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria) and Ain Defla (Centre)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Didaoui ◽  
Méghit Boumediene Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of environmental factors; food, socio-economic, and physical activity, on a group of obese children living in Ain-Defla (Center Algeria) and Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West Algeria). Material and methods: The protocol was carried out on a cohort of 125 school children aged of 5 to 11 years, including 64 boys and 61 girls, and 139 school children, including 93 boys and 46 girls in Ain Defla and Sidi-Bel-Abbes respectively. Concerning the classification of obesity and overweight, we referred to the International Obesity Task Force and the French References' curves. Results: Regarding dietary intake our results showed that 34% of students from both regions took their breakfast, compared to 66% who did not take. Furthermore, 73% of students skipped at least one meal, however 23% respected meals frequency i.e. 4 meals a day. Regarding socio-economic factors and physical activity, our findings showed that obesity rates were high (36%) among children whose fathers are workers. However, for mothers who are housewives, obesity increases among their children (88%). The relationship was reversed between the parents' education level and the Body Mass Index. We found an opposite relationship between Body Mass Index and physical activity, and investigated children use screen devices for long time periods. Conclusions: Our study showed a positive relationship between obesity and overweight and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Functional Morphology of the Immune Structures of the Spleen Under the Influence of Damaging Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N. T. Alexeeva ◽  
A. G. Kvaratskheliya ◽  
D. A. Sokolov ◽  
A. A. Bakhmet ◽  
M. V. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Organ ◽  
Functional Characteristics

In recent years, interest in the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the organs of the immune system has grown significantly. The immune system makes a significant contribution to the processes of homeostasis and maintaining the health of the organism. Immunity determines the state of the body's resistance to infectious factors. At the same time, the spleen is of particular interest as an immune organ, since the immune system of humans and animals is one of the most sensitive systems of the body, which quickly reacts to any influences. The article presents a literature review devoted to modern concepts of the morphofunctional organization of the spleen in connection with the functions performed, as well as the influence of damaging factors on changes in the morphofunctional parameters of the components of the spleen.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and physical activity: What is the relation between exercise immunology and the current pandemic situation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Guilherme Gomes Azizi ◽  
Marco Orsini ◽  
Sérgio Duarte Dortas Júnior ◽  
Paulo César Vieira ◽  
Ricardo Steiner De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Exercise Immunology ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise immunology is a strong and mysterious science in sports medicine, but studies were origin more than a 100 years ago, when Schulte had already described an exercise-induced leukocytosis as early as 1893 [1]. Since then, both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in humans have demonstrated the profound impact that exercise can have on the immune system. That is exactly why it is fundamentally important in this pandemic time to elucidate many questions and direct the athletes and non-athletes to the due care...

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