Antioxidants in Smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
Emanuela Astori ◽  
Maria L. Garavaglia ◽  
Graziano Colombo ◽  
Lucia Landoni ◽  
Nicola M. Portinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Oxidative State

Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.

Effects of Antioxidants on CD4 and Viral Load in HIV-Infected Women in Sub-Saharan Africa - Dietary Supplements vs. Local Diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nkengfack ◽  
N. Torimiro ◽  
Englert
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Nutritional Education

In sub-Sahara Africa, micronutrient deficiency, especially of antioxidant micronutrients including vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, selenium, zinc, and polyphenols is very common in HIV-positive patients. Amongst adults, women are the most vulnerable. Antioxidants are known to play a vital role in the immune system, reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to the HIV infection. Such damage may be prevented or moderated through adequate oral intake of antioxidants, scavenging ROS, as well as protecting cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Antioxidants can be provided to the body through locally available antioxidant rich-diets such as fruit-and-vegetable-based diets and/or dietary supplements. Provision of antioxidants through local diets or dietary supplements exercise beneficial effects on biological markers of the immune system (CD4 and viral load). However, while dietary supplements represent a costly and short-term strategy to limiting antioxidant deficiency, local diets, combined with adequate nutritional education, can provide a low-cost and long-term strategy to reduce oxidative stress, prevent micronutrient deficiency, and slow down HIV disease progression. The former can be applicable in countries around the West, Central, and South coast of Africa, which are rich in natural food resources. In contrast with significant evidence that dietary supplements confer benefits in HIV patients, fewer data are available relating to the benefits of local diets. Thus the need to do more research in this area arises. This review compares available data on effects of antioxidants on CD4 and viral load in HIV-positive women noneligible for antiretroviral therapy. Intake of antioxidants though dietary supplements and local diet, associated with nutritional education, is compared. Studies conducted in sub-Sahara Africa are considered.

scholarly journals A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Shima Taherkhani ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body needs energy, the lipid is broken down into glycerol (G) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the lipolysis process and transferred to various tissues in the body. Materials secreted from AT, especially adipocytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are impressive in causing inflammation and OS of AT. There are several ways to improve obesity, but researchers have highly regarded the use of antioxidant supplements due to their neutralizing properties in removing ROS. In this review, we have examined the AT response to OS to antioxidant supplements focusing on animal studies. The results are inconsistent due to differences in the study duration and diversity in animals (strain, age, and sex). Therefore, there is a need for different studies, especially in humans.

Effects of Vitamin C and E Against Oxidative Stress: Is Antioxidant Supplementation Efficient?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Amel Saidi Merzouk ◽  
Bouchra Loukidi ◽  
Réda Bettioui ◽  
Hafida Merzouk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Objective: Numerous epidemiological studies show an increased prevalence of metabolic diseases related to oxidation stress causing cell damage. Antioxidant supplementation is therefore useful to protect against the oxidative stress mediated disease development and has become an increasingly popular practice. In this review, a selection of clinical and in vitro studies on vitamin C and E supplementation and the evaluation of their beneficial or negative effects have been analyzed. Results: Clinical studies and supplementation trials show a correlation between antioxidants and metabolic improvement in different diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and E (α-tocopherol) appear to be among the most commonly used antioxidants. However, taking antioxidant supplements in high doses can be harmful. In some studies, little supportive evidence has been provided on substantial protection against chronic diseases by antioxidants. In addition, previous studies have revealed negative effects of antioxidant supplements such as pro-oxidant activities in particular conditions including their dosage and the body oxidant/ antioxidant status. Conclusion: Antioxidant supplements should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Study of Serum Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde Levels during Normal Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kaur ◽  
Roopam Bassi ◽  
Kiran Mehta ◽  
Deepinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

ABSTRACT Introduction Pregnancy is accompanied by a high-energy demand of all body functions and an increased oxygen requirement, which can give rise to increased levels of oxidative stress. Aims and objectives The present study was done to assess the levels of oxidative stress in healthy pregnant females by estimating serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and comparing these with nonpregnant females. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 88 female subjects in the age group of 20 to 40 years, who were placed in two groups. Group I consisted of 50 healthy nonpregnant females. Group II consisted of healthy pregnant females further subdivided into three subgroups: Group IIa (1st trimester) n = 38, group IIb (2nd trimester) n = 32, and group IIc (3rd trimester) n = 30. The same subjects were followed up till the 3rd trimester. There was a drop in the number of subjects from 38 to 32 in the 2nd trimester and from 32 to 30 in the 3rd trimester due to noncompliance and development of complications of pregnancy. The subjects were assessed for hemoglobin (Hb), MDA, a marker for lipid peroxidation, and SOD, an antioxidant enzyme along with certain physiological parameters like height, weight, body mass index, and blood pressure in the three trimesters. Results The levels of SOD and MDA were significantly raised with the progression of pregnancy. There was a fall in Hb levels in the 3rd trimester. But no significant correlation could be drawn between the measured parameters in all the trimesters. Conclusion Pregnancy is definitely associated with oxidative stress to the body. Both peroxidation and antioxidation reactions are enhanced during pregnancy. With these findings, we therefore conclude that antioxidant supplements should be prescribed in early pregnancy to prevent the overwhelming of oxidative stress in pregnant females. How to cite this article Bassi R, Sharma S, Mehta K, Kaur M, Kaur D. Study of Serum Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde Levels during Normal Pregnancy. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):1-5.

scholarly journals Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Margaritis ◽  
A. S. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Radical Oxygen Species ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Adaptive Effect ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Antioxidant Micronutrient

Physical training is known to induce a biochemical adaptive response which might require an increase in the ingestion and/or the absorption of micronutrients. A question that is still being raised is whether acute or chronic exercise modifies antioxidant requirements. First, the present review brings to light the most crucial studies on the topic. Second, it interprets the established relationships between antioxidant micronutrient intakes and the adaptive response of antioxidant systems. Finally, it exposes the major questions connected with antioxidant micronutrient requirements for athletes. To this effect, the training-load interaction with nutrition is taken into account. As oxidative stress cannot be avoided, the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can be alleviated to minimise oxidative damage and outcomes. There is growing evidence that one specific antioxidant cannot by itself prevent oxidative stress-induced damage, as direct adverse effects of supplementation are attributed to undesirable synergic effects. Other effects can be supposed that limit the endogenous adaptive effect of training. High doses of antioxidant supplements can minimise the effects of radical oxygen species themselves or generate pro-oxidant effects. Effects are only exhibited when nutritional status is deficient. There are no convincing effects of supplementation in well-trained athletes. Risk/benefit analysis emerges on evidence for an unknown risk of supranutritional intakes, a supposed impairment of adaptive effects and a still unknown long-term risk. Appropriate status can be achieved by a diversified and balanced diet, adapted to specific needs, by awareness of high-density food intakes (avoiding products containing a low density of micronutrients).

Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Ria Hayatun Nur ◽  
Indahwati A ◽  
Erfiani A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
N. V. Kanatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Labile Iron Pool

Iron is an assential element for the growth, division, differentiation and functioning of any cell in the body. Iron is virtually important for human and danger at the same time, because with excessive accumulation it causes oxidative stress with formation of highly active oxygen radicals and reactive form of nitrogen that can destroy cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, reduce cell viability, with, according to modern concepts, can contribute to the development of many diseases (cardiovascular, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, oncological, metabolic and others), and also accelerate the aging process. Part 1 of this review discussed the issues of iron metabolism in human, including its regulation at the cellular and systemic levels, the intake, transport, use, accumulation and export of iron in cells, the role of the labile iron pool in the cytoplasm of cells and plasma non-transferrin bound iron. Data are provided on the causes, frequency and significance of iron overload in the formation of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Part 2 of the review provides information on diseases associated with iron overload as well as information on ferroptosis - a new type of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Attention is paid to the works of domestic authors, where it was found that prolonged use of drinking water with a high iron content is unfavorable for the population and leads to an increase in the overall incidence, the development of the diseases of the blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, urogenital system, and allergic diseases. Separate publications are cited on the possibility of a negative effect of iron at concentrations in water of 0.3 mg/l and lower. The material of the review emphasizes the preventive significance of caution attitude to regulating iron in the water in the Russian Federation, where 1/3 of the population uses iron-containing water for drinking, and substantiate the feasibility of establishing a hygienic limit for iron in water not higher than 0.3 mg/l.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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