scholarly journals SKIPPING YEARS AND SCRIBAL ERRORS

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Kaqchikel Maya ◽  
Shed Light

Adrián Recinos's correlation of Kaqchikel Maya and Spanish dates in the Annals of the Kaqchikels contains numerous errors, and there are several scribal and calculation errors in how both the 260-day and 400-day Kaqchikel Maya calendars were used within the manuscript. These are dating problems that stem from errors by the scribes in their attempt to adapt to a European counting and documentation system and their inexperience with the Kaqchikel Maya calendars. In addition, unique citation marks and two scribal errors shed light on the existence of earlier documents and subsequent effects on the later time counts of the Kaqchikel Maya calendar system. This paper adjusts the previous correlation by Recinos and extends it from 1570 until 1603. Moreover, by highlighting and correcting the internal errors, this paper offers a caveat to scholars when reconstructing the histories, events, and social relations of past Mesoamerican peoples and scripts without regard for internal errors.

scholarly journals The identity process in times of rupture: Narratives from the Egyptian revolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hassan Awad
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Prefigurative Politics ◽  
Shed Light

This is a longitudinal study of the identity process through times of dramatic social change. Using a narrative psychological approach this research follows the life stories of five Egyptian bloggers as they write their stories on online blogs over the course of the three years following the 2011 revolution, at which time Egypt has witnessed major social and political changes. The aim is to understand the identity process of individuals as they develop and adapt through changing social contexts and how they create alternative social relations as they engage in prefigurative politics. The findings shed light on how ruptures trigger a process of reflexivity, adaptive learning, and sense-making that facilitates coping and the reconstruction of a positive identity after ruptures. It also suggests that the narration of the experience of rupture through storytelling creates a heightened sense of agency in individuals’ ability to create new meanings of their world in spite of the socio-cultural and political constraints. This study presents narratives as an informing methodological resource that connects identity process with social representations and emphasizes the value of storytelling as an integral part of the adaptation process.

scholarly journals When language mixing is the norm: documenting post-muda language choice in a state school in Barcelona

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (257) ◽  
pp. 109-135
Author(s):  
Adriana Patiño-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Academic Task ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Language Alternation ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This article studies the language uses of a group of new speakers of Catalan at a secondary school in a metropolitan working class area of Barcelona, who have experienced their linguistic mudes as a consequence of having being schooled in the Catalan education system from an early age. As shown in previous research on children of economic migrants in Catalonia, these students internalize and reproduce the language distribution of Catalan and Spanish that they are exposed to in their immediate environment. This will vary according to the locality in which they find themselves, in our case, a working class neighborhood in which Catalan is reserved as the vehicular language of instruction, while Spanish dominates as the language of social relations. The article adopts a language socialization perspective to give account of the linguistic competences these multilinguals display when carrying out an academic task. Translanguaging, in the form of language alternation and language mixing from the various repertoires that these students have at their disposal, emerges as the norm among them and their teachers in this school. This article embraces the idea that documenting the linguistic practices of new speakers can shed light on actual linguistic uses and trajectories after the linguistic muda takes place.

ON THE QUESTION OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE NON-VERBAL CULTURE OF THE CIRCASSIANS

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Murat A. Khokonov ◽  
Zareta Kh. Soblirova ◽  
Roman P. Liseyev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article discusses issues related to socio-cultural manifestations of corporeality in the Circassian traditional society. The article presents cultural, philosophical and anthropological approaches on corporeality as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon. Particular attention is paid to proxemics and kinesics, that are used in the paper as theoretical basis of the study of the non-verbal communications in the Circassian's culture. The paper argues the need in a comprehensive study of sign and gesture systems as integral part of the Circassian ethos. Authors suggest a new philosophical and anthropological view on somatic culture as one of the most important subsystems of the traditional Circassian mentality. Objective ideas on the non-linguistic components of communication shed light on many specific features of the ethnocultural picture of the world of the Circassians. The authors focus on such spatial forms of structuring of social relations as social distance, personal space, hidden meanings of various types and forms of social distances. The paper justifies that the corporeality, in general, and the kinesic aspects of traditional upbringing, in particular, were of great importance in socialization of younger generations.

FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR, CONFLICTS OF HONOUR, AND SOCIAL INVERSIONS IN ENGLAND, 1744–1783

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENAUD MORIEUX
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
English Population ◽  
International Issues ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACTDuring the wars of the eighteenth century, French prisoners on parole in Britain were placed in a paradoxical situation of captives with privileges. Instead of studying these men as if they dwelt in a world apart, this article focuses on captivity zones as a social laboratory, where people of different status would socialize. These spaces accordingly provide a lens through which to glimpse the repercussions of international conflicts at the level of local communities. The disputes which opposed these captives to the English population, which were the object of letters of complaints sent by the French prisoners to the authorities, shed light on the normative and moral resources which were used by eighteenth-century Englishmen and Frenchmen to legitimize themselves in situations of social conflict. As a configuration characterized by shifting social relations, the parole zone brought together local, national, and international issues, intertwined primarily in the rhetoric of honour. In these incidents, there was no systematic alignment of class and national discourses and actions, while the precise standing of these Frenchmen on the social ladder was constantly challenged and debated. The resulting quarrels therefore reveal a series of social inversions: dominant groups in France were in many respects dominated in England. Rather than being a mere reflection of pre-existing social hierarchies, such micro-incidents reinvented them.

scholarly journals Polite Dialogue in Selected Samples of Quranic Stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Tara Farhad Shakir Alkadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Dialogue Process ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Shed Light

 It is no doubt that dialogue is a behavior for human communication. It varies according to the place and occasion that requires it. Dialogues are of two types: positive purposeful and negative non-purposeful. The study aims to shed light on those patterns of dialogues contained in the Quranic stories represented by the characters and events participating in that dialogue activity. To expand the circle of social relations, and in order to make these relationships a success, there are several rules that must be adhered to.For instance, the dialogue should  not be tolerant to a personal opinion, or prolonged, or should not deviate from its text. The expression of polite dialogue has been raised in recognition of these dialogue etiquette. To achieve this goal, one needs logical evidence that leads to persuasion, by taking into account the private and public psyche participating in the dialogue event. One  further needs to link the ancestors backwards by recognizing the suffering of the prophets while communicating the heavenly messages. As for  the approach used in the analysis, it is the mechanism of descriptive narration. It involves narrating the events and characters of the dialogue process using a multiplicity of patterns, such as the self-dialogue, the monologue dialogue, and the supreme dialogue. It can be said that the Quranic text is a vessel that contains a dialogue in all its forms, starting with the Almighty’s dialogue with his angels to His dialogue with Satan as well as His prophets. The study helps to strength the bonds of communication between the interlocutors by accepting the different points of view.   

scholarly journals On the Social-Relational Moral Standing of AI: An Empirical Study Using AI-Generated Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lima ◽  
Assem Zhunis ◽  
Lev Manovich ◽  
Meeyoung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Industry ◽  
Generative System ◽  
Shed Light

The moral standing of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) systems has become a widely debated topic by normative research. This discussion, however, has primarily focused on those systems developed for social functions, e.g., social robots. Given the increasing interdependence of society with nonsocial machines, examining how existing normative claims could be extended to specific disrupted sectors, such as the art industry, has become imperative. Inspired by the proposals to ground machines’ moral status on social relations advanced by Gunkel and Coeckelbergh, this research presents online experiments (∑N = 448) that test whether and how interacting with AI-generated art affects the perceived moral standing of its creator, i.e., the AI-generative system. Our results indicate that assessing an AI system’s lack of mind could influence how people subsequently evaluate AI-generated art. We also find that the overvaluation of AI-generated images could negatively affect their creator’s perceived agency. Our experiments, however, did not suggest that interacting with AI-generated art has any significant effect on the perceived moral standing of the machine. These findings reveal that social-relational approaches to AI rights could be intertwined with property-based theses of moral standing. We shed light on how empirical studies can contribute to the AI and robot rights debate by revealing the public perception of this issue.

scholarly journals "Discourse construction of the reign of Roman emperors Augustus and Nero by Suetonius"

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seada Brkan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Ancient Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Shed Light

The subject of this article will be the analysis of the application of two modern linguistic approaches to the ancient text. It is about M. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and critical discourse analysis (CDA) through whose patterns we will analyze Suetonius' account of two Roman emperors, Augustus and Nero. Since the language is a strong link between SFL as a linguistic approach and CDA, a movement that unites several different disciplines, including linguistic ones, focused on social change, this article will try to shed light on the role, connection and effectiveness of SFL and CDA in a biographical presentation of a personalities. Critical discourse analysis defines language as a social practice, an essential component of creating social relations and changing them; therefore, it focuses on the language in use - discourse, and analyzes it within the broader social, political, historical, cultural and any other context in which it is realized.

Imperial and Social Relations in Postclassic South-Central Veracruz, Mexico

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Garraty ◽  
Barbara L. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
South Central ◽  
Status Differentiation ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Aztec Empire

We explore social and imperial relations in the western lower Papaloapan Basin, especially along the lower Blanco River, using statistical analyses of ceramic rims from recent surveys. This region is sandwiched between two known tributary provincial centers of the Aztec empire, but its relationship to the empire is uncertain in colonial documentary materials. Our analyses illuminate changes in social relations from the Middle (A. D. 1150–1350) to Late Postclassic (A. D. 1350–1520) periods and shed light on the impact of Aztec imperialism. We use a ceramic unmixing procedure to assign collections to the Middle and Late Postclassic periods for assessment of settlement patterns. Next we use cluster analyses to examine vertical wealth and status differentiation. In the Middle Postclassic period, we observe a concentric gradation of wealth and status away from the small center of El Sauce. Late Postclassic changes include the decline of El Sauce and the founding of a new center at Callejón del Horno. The concentric model does not apply to the Late Postclassic period, however, and wealth and status became more highly concentrated at Callejón del Horno compared to its hinterland. We also investigate sparse collections-those with few Postclassic rims-to evaluate whether these collections represent poor residences or, rather, sherd scatter from possible field manuring. The lower Blanco region was likely integrated into the Aztec empire on the basis of changes in vertical social differentiation from Middle to Late Postclassic times and percentages of Aztec-style ceramics compared to known Aztec provincial centers, especially Cotaxtla.

scholarly journals Why a critical geopolitics cannot be Confucian

2021 ◽  
pp. 204382062110177
Author(s):  
Ruben Gonzalez-Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Critical Geopolitics ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Confucian Thought ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

In this commentary, I welcome An et al.’s (2021) commitment to explore the role of Confucian thought in the contemporary practices of statehood in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Nonetheless, I also take issue with the authors’ argument that a Confucian geopolitics is needed to replace inadequate ‘Western geopolitical frameworks’. Confucian philosophies promote a hierarchical social order based on authority and subordination, and the way in which they are selectively and strategically utilized in contemporary China represents an important subject of analysis. However, they should not be viewed as a framework of analysis, as they obscure rather than shed light on spatial and class struggles – even in the hybridized stylization endorsed by An et al. Critical political economic and critical geopolitical perspectives with a global theoretical orientation and a knowledge of place and culture offer more promise in the disentangling of state practices and social relations in the PRC.

scholarly journals The Journalistic Field in a Time of Mediatization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
New Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Journalistic Field ◽  
Shed Light

The rise of digital technologies is having a profound impact on the practice and profession of journalism. As a consequence, scholars from a variety of disciplines have fashioned unique but complimentary perspectives to help explain the nature and significance of this transformation. Field theory is a prominent lens through which media sociologists have viewed the dynamics and transformations surrounding the practice and profession of journalism. More recently, communications scholars have developed theories of mediatization to explain the transformations brought about by the ubiquity of media throughout social life. While Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory offers a well-developed toolkit to address the dialectical relationship between structures and practices, its treatment of technology and conceptualization of the field are arguably less well suited to explain the convergent, hyper-mediated nature of contemporary social relations. By contrast, more recent theories of mediatization offer a less developed and less grandiose conceptualization of specific sociological dynamics, instead opting to shed light on the apparent emergence of a new ‘media logic’. By drawing on the most revealing aspects of each perspective, this paper searches for parity between the two through an examination of a prominent case study: the converging fields of contemporary journalism and activism as seen on Twitter. After reviewing the core components of each perspective and applying them to the case of study, the paper argues for the conceptualization of a mediatized superstructure to explain the ongoing hybridity and convergence across a variety of social fields.

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