Family, Kin and Community in Eight Lincolnshire Parishes, 1567–1800

Rural History ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Will

The purpose of this study is to examine the changing proportions of bequests made by the inhabitants of eight Lincolnshire parishes to various categories of heirs between 1567 and 1800. Six of the parishes are located in the clay vale of western Lincolnshire, the other two are on the fen edge in the south of the county. There are 1,442 wills from these parishes which made 10,763 bequests. These bequests can be divided into three categories, those made to the immediate family, those made to kin and those made to unrelated people who must represent the community in which the deceased had lived. The share each of these categories enjoyed changed significantly in the period. By the eighteenth century the immediate family had become predominant and, apparently, the community occupied a less important place in the social environment of the will makers.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the social environment affects behavioral phenotypes of oxytocin receptor mutants in zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ribeiro ◽  
A.R. Nunes ◽  
M.C. Teles ◽  
S. Anbalagan ◽  
J. Blechman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Knockout Line ◽  
Genetically Modified Animals

AbstractOxytocin-like peptides have been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of social behaviors across taxa. On the other hand, the social environment, which is composed of conspecifics genotypes, is also known to influence the development of social behavior, creating the possibility for indirect genetic effects. Here we used a knockout line for the oxytocin receptor in zebrafish to investigate how the genotypic composition of the social environment (Es) interacts with the oxytocin genotype (G) of the focal individual in the regulation of its social behavior. For this purpose, we have raised wild-type or knock-out zebrafish in either wild-type or knock-out shoals and tested different components of social behavior in adults. GxEs effects were detected in some behaviors, highlighting the need to control for GxEs effects when interpreting results of experiments using genetically modified animals, since the social environment can either rescue or promote phenotypes associated with specific genes.

Sachs, Chavafambira, Maggie: Prurience or the Pathology of Social Relations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Hayes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Traditional Healer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
The South ◽  
The Social ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Mind

Black Hamlet (1937; reprinted 1996) tells the story of Sachs's association with John Chavafambira, a Manyika nganga (traditional healer and diviner), who had come to Johannesburg from his home in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Sachs's fascination with Chavafambira was initially as a “research subject” of a psychoanalytic investigation into the mind of a sane “native”. Over a period of years Sachs became inextricably drawn into the suffering and de-humanization experienced by Chavafambira as a poor, black man in the urban ghettoes that were the South Africa of the 1930s and 1940s. It is easy these days to want to dismiss Sachs's “project” as the prurient gaze of a white, liberal psychiatrist. This would not only be an ahistorical reading of Black Hamlet, but it would also diminish the possibilities offered by what Said (1994) calls, a contrapuntal reading. I shall present a reading of Black Hamlet, focusing on the three main characters - Sachs, Chavafambira, and Maggie (Chavafambira's wife) - as emblematic of the social relations of the other, racial(ised) bodies, and gender.

A Work of Combat: Mulatto Historians and the Haitian Past, 1847-1867

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Party ◽  
The South ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
The One

One of the striking facts about the social and political history of Haiti from independence in 1804 to the present is the deep gulf separating the largely mulatto elite groups from the predominantly black masses. The war of the South in 1799 between Toussaint and Rigaud, and the conflicts between Christophe and Pétion, while not primarily caused by color factors, were reinforced by suspicions and hostilities between black and mulatto, with each group accusing the other of prejudice and discrimination. Politics in the rest of the nineteenth century can generally be seen as a tussle between a mulatto elite centered in the capital and in the cities of the South, on the one hand, and a small black elite often in alliance with army leaders and peasant irregulars, on the other. In the years following 1867 these groups formalized themselves into a largely mulatto Liberal Party, and a preponderantly black National Party.

Optimal Contracting Model in a Social Environment and Trust-Related Psychological Costs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Basov ◽  
M. Ishaq Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Contracting Model

AbstractMost research in contract theory concentrated on the role of incentives in shaping individual behavior. Recent research suggests that social norms also play an important role. From a point of view of a mechanism designer (a principal, a government, and a bank), responsiveness of an agent to the social norms is both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it provides the designer with extra instruments, while on the other it puts restrictions on how these new and the more conventional instruments can be used. The main objective of this paper is to investigate this trade-off and study how it shapes different contracts observed in the real world. We consider a model in which agent’s cost of cheating is triggered by the principal’s show of trust. We call such behavior a norm of honesty and trust and show that it drives incentives to be either low powerful or high powerful, eliminating contracts with medium powerful incentives.

scholarly journals A Study on the Use of Social Networks by Turkish and German University Students in the Globalization Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11a) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Çelebi ◽  
Gülenaz Selçuk ◽  
Huriye Sevinç Peker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

Today's rapidly evolving technology is expanding the use of innovative communication technologies and their usage areas. to traditional communication technologies today; smartphones, laptop computers, handheld computers, and tablets are also added. Wireless communication technology removes time and space limits, allowing people to communicate both voiced and visual whenever and wherever they wish. Every day, millions of people communicate with each other through social networking networks and share their experience day by day with other network users. The social networks that people often use are also affecting interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this research is to determine the aims of Turkish and German university students to use social networks and how effective social influence is in interpersonal communication. A total of 338 students, 236 Turkish students studying at Karabük University and 102 German students studying at Kassel University in Germany, participated in the research in the academic year of 2016-2017. As a data collection tool, a 10-item questionnaire developed by Özdayı (2010) and a 13-item, “social impact scale” were used. 4 items of the questionnaire used in the study were arranged in the form of "yes-no" and the other items were arranged by the participants to point to the box opposite to the statement they found appropriate. Each participant can mark a few of the options suitable for him / her. Secondly, the "social impact scale" is 5-Likert type. In the face of each article (5) from its fully appropriate expression, (1) Not suitable at all, a gradation to the statement was made. Percentages, mean and t test for binary comparison were used as statistical analysis in the study. According to research findings; all students have smartphones and they use whatsapp, facebook and youtube most from social networks. By students, social media is used to look at mails, homework, study, follow current events, read news, communicate with friends, make new friends, get informed about activities, share videos and photos and have fun. Also by students travel, shopping, technology and cinema blogs are the most preferred. In the survey, in the social dimension of social networks; there was no significant difference between the groups regarding "communication, self-expression, staying out of the group, becoming popular, joining groups, getting social environment, getting status in social environment and sharing". On the other hand, social networking has become an important means of communication and interaction among people today. For this reason, academicians should encourage students who are interested in new technology and communication applications to support the achievement of up-to-date information within the context of lifelong learning, and to conduct research for their own development in the teaching-learning process.

scholarly journals LGBT dalam Perspektif Alkitab Sebagai Landasan Membentuk Paradigma Etika Kristen terhadap Pergaulan Orang Percaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Christian Bayu Prakoso ◽  
Yonatan Alex Arifianto ◽  
Aji Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Faith Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
The Church

The LGBT phenomenon is increasingly spreading among the wider community. The existence of social media allows everyone to access information quickly and easily. The church, which is directly related to the social environment, also takes an attitude towards this phenomenon. There are many different attitudes raised by a particular church or denomination. Therefore, this paper aims to find out carefully about the Bible's view of LGBT as the basis for forming a Christian ethical paradigm. The result of this research is that LGBT acts are a sin in God’s view. God does not want people to commit LGBT acts. But on the other hand, as an agent that embodies the application of God's love, the church is required to continue to follow LGBT people and provide faith formation and preventive measures to the congregation.

scholarly journals PSK DALAM FRAMING TIGA MONOLOG/PROSTITUTE ON THREE MONOLOGUES FRAMING

Aksara ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Resti - Nurfaidah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Father Figure ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
The Social

Abstrak Makalah berjudul “PSK dalam Framing Tiga Monolog” ditulis untuk membahas tokoh PSK dalam ketiga monolog yang bertemakan kehidupan PSK, yaitu Monolog Tanda Tanya (Anggi Eka Putri), Monolog Pelacur (Putu Wijaya), danMonolog Cahaya (Lenny Koroh dan Silvester Hurit). Penelitian dalam makalah tersebut dibatasi pada penampilan tokoh PSK dalam ketiga monolog, pembahasan PSK berdasarkan konsep framingdan representasi, serta sikap lingkungan terhadap tokoh PSK. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif komparatif pada ketiga monolog. Konsep teoretis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah framing Pan Konscki, serta representasi Hall. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil berikut: (1) PSK yang ditampilkan dalam ketiga monolog ditunjukkan sebagai perempuan yang terjerumus. Tokoh PSK mudah terjerumus ke dalam dunia hitam, tetapi sulit keluar dari dunia tersebut; (2) Berdasarkan hasil framing dan representasi, tokoh PSK merupakan korban yang tidak mampu mengatasi dampak pelecehan seksual atau pemerkosaan. Kekecewaan berkepanjangan tidak pernah teratasi karena tokoh PSK dipertemukan dengan lingkungan atau pihak yang berkompeten menjerumuskan perempuan itu di dunia hitam, misalnya teman atau kekasih. Konflik dengan sosok ayah juga dianggap sebagai pencetus utama tercetusnya seorang perempuan ke dunia hitam; serta (3) sikap lingkungan terhadap tokoh PSK menunjukkan bahwa dunia hitam para PSK bukan dunia yang ramah. PSK tidak dapat ke luar dari dunia tersebut dengan mudah sementara ia harus bertanggung jawab untuk kehidupan anggota keluarganya.  Selain itu, ia harus menanggung risiko besar selama menjalani profesinya, tanpa perlindungan apa pun. PSK bukan saja mengalami kesulitan di dunianya sendiri, melainkan pula di dunia luar. Lingkungan sosial sulit menerima eksistensi mereka, bahkan cenderung merendahkan. Tidak jarang lingkungan sosial dapat menjadi pencetus atau pendukung terjerumusnya seorang perempuan menjadi PSK. Kata kunci: PSK, framing, pelecehan, korban Abstract"PSK in Framing of Three Monologues" discussed prostitute figures on the three prostitute themed monologues:  Monolog Tanda Tanya (Anggi Eka Putri), Monolog Pelacur (Putu Wijaya), dan Monolog Cahaya (Lenny Koroh dan Silvester Hurit). The research was limited to (1) the appearance of prostitute figures in all three monologues, (2) prostitute discussions based on the result of framing and representation, also (3) environmental reactions towards prostitutes. This research is qualitative with a comparative descriptive analysis method on all three monologues. The theoretical concept used in this research was Pan Konscki’s framing, as well as Hall representation of the. The result was below. First, PSK displayed in all three monologues was shown as women who were extremely trapped. PSK figures easily fell into the site, but were difficult to get out from. Second, based on the framing and representation, prostitute figures were victims who were unable to cope with the effects of sexual harassment or rape. Prolonged disappointment had never been resolved because they met with the environment or the competent party plunged them into such world, such as friends or lovers. Conflict with a father figure was also considered as the main originator of the emergence of a woman into the sit. Three, the environmental attitude towards the prostitute shew that the surroundings of prostitutes were not a friendly world. They won’t let to be out of it easily while, on the other hand, they had to be responsible for the lives of their family members. In addition, they were close to high-risks of their profession, without any protection. Prostitutes were not only experience difficulties in their own world, but also in the outside world. The social environment also hardly accepted their existence, even tends to be condescending. Sometimes, it could be the originator or supporter of a woman becoming a prostitute. Keywords: prostitute, framing, harrashment, victims

Performing Power in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola A. Adelakun
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Power

For decades, Pentecostalism has been one of the most powerful socio-cultural and socio-political movements in Africa. The Pentecostal modes of constructing the world by using their performative agencies to embed their rites in social processes have imbued them with immense cultural power to contour the character of their societies. Performing Power in Nigeria explores how Nigerian Pentecostals mark their self-distinction as a people of power within a social milieu that affirmed and contested their desires for being. Their faith, and the various performances that inform it, imbue the social matrix with saliences that also facilitate their identity of power. Using extensive archival material, interviews and fieldwork, Abimbola A. Adelakun questions the histories, desires, knowledge, tools, and innate divergences of this form of identity, and its interactions with the other ideological elements that make up the society. Analysing the important developments in contemporary Nigerian Pentecostalism, she demonstrates how the social environment is being transformed by the Pentecostal performance of their identity as the people of power.

Rev. John Burton frames the Fiji Methodist Mission, 1924

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Weir
Keyword(s):  
South Pacific ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Indian Mission ◽  
General Secretary

In his role as General Secretary of the Australasian Methodist Missionary Society in the 1920s and 1930s, Reverend John W. Burton travelled each winter to one of the ‘mission fields’ in the South Pacific to inspect the mission’s activities, and to encourage and advise. Accompanying him was his camera; Burton had long been an enthusiastic photographer. Following his 1924 visit to Fiji he created two albums of his photographs, one illustrating the indigenous Fijian mission, the other the Indian mission. This article focuses on the ‘social biography’ of the photographs, and examines Burton’s choice and balance of subjects in each album, which cover educational and other mission activities, village and town scenes, landscapes and individual and group portraits. It also considers the placement and message in context of many of the individual photographs when they were later reproduced to illustrate stories in the mission magazine, Missionary Review, of which Burton was the Editor.

STUDYING THE PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
G. Yaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Commercial Organizations

The article considers the peculiarities of innovations in the social sphere of commercial organizations, proposes a classification of innovations in the social sphere of a commercial organization. Management, organizational, educational and economic innovation directions were identified as the main result of the empirical study. Identify the scope of innovation in the enterprise. Identify the factors that are the reasons for the need to introduce changes, in particular: increase in profits and productivity, changes in society as a whole. Analyzed the reasons that promote and hinder the effective introduction of social changes, including insufficient motivation of staff and the preparation of managers for implementing change. Relevant forms of work for the implementation of psychological support for the process of introduction of changes are found. In our opinion, in order to improve the methods of implementing social innovations in commercial organizations, a clear understanding of the place of social innovations in the system of their innovation development is necessary. Moreover, an understanding of the structural and functional division of social innovations with a view to their conscious design and implementation, which will provide innovation-led result. In order to better understand the peculiarities of introducing innovations in the social sphere of organizations, we conducted an empirical study aimed at identifying the type of innovations in the social sphere of commercial organizations that are most commonly encountered at the moment, as well as factors that determine the necessity of introducing such innovations and the factors contributing to and impede the effective implementation of social change. The main purpose of our article is to study socio-psychological conditions for the implementation of social innovations in commercial organizations .The research carried out proved the fact of existing social innovation in modern commercial organizations. In addition: 1. In modern commercial organizations, the introduction of social changes that affect various spheres of the social environment of the organization, have an uneven distribution. In particular, the most innovative changes in the managerial, organizational, educational and economic component of the social environment of the organization. 2. Among the motives for introducing changes, the motive for gaining more profit, increasing productivity and satisfaction of employees with their work are the first place. An important place among the motives is also the compliance of the needs of employees with the new needs that arise in society as a whole. The biggest obstacles are ignoring the actual needs of employees and the formality of the changes introduced. 3. The initiators of such changes are, in most cases, the management of the company, which is guided by both the needs of a purely commercial nature and the requirements of modern changes in society. 4. The readiness of the employees to participate in the innovation processes and the conditions contributing to it, namely, the motivation of the personnel and the special training of the persons responsible for these processes are revealed. 5. It has been found that appropriate forms of work on the implementation of psychological support for the process of introducing changes are socio-psychological training and counseling, both group and individual. The prospects for further research are to analyze the readiness of the leaders of organizations to implement social changes, to develop practical ways of training employees and responsible for introducing changes in the social sphere of commercial organizations.

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