scholarly journals Grammatical change in Paris French: in situ question words in embedded contexts

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENELOPE GARDNER-CHLOROS ◽  
MARIA SECOVA
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Embedded Contexts ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Exceptional Character ◽  
Specific Identity

ABSTRACTThis article will review the parameters of a grammatical variable within the putative variety ‘Multicultural Paris French’, i.e. its distribution and use within a group of young banlieue speakers. The structure in question stands out as it has rarely been found in previous corpora in France: indirect questions following verbs like savoir, where the question word is post-verb (je sais pas il a dit quoi). We discuss which groups use the new forms in Paris, referring briefly to some comparable changes in London. This structure appears to be an instance of ‘change from below’ (Labov, 2007), which seems to have emerged in the speech of young people of immigrant background. It might also, on the other hand, be a long-standing vernacular variant, which has re-emerged, with specific identity-related significance, in this particular group of speakers. Its exceptional character in the Paris context highlights a lack of evidence for the emergence of a more wide-ranging, distinct multiethnolect, as found in London and other European capitals.

Methods of Countering Cyber Recruitment (Iraq Model)

2019 ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Hind Mohammed Abdul Jabbar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Other Hand

Connecting to the  electronic information network (internet) became the most characteristic that distinguish this era However , the long hours which young men daily spend on the internet On the other hand ,there are many people who are waiting for the chance to talk and convince them with their views This will lead the young people to be part in the project of the “cyber armies “that involved with states and terrorist organizations  This project has been able  to recruitment hundreds of people every day to work in its rank . It is very difficult to control these websites because we can see the terrorist presence in all its forms in the internet   In addition there are many incubation environments that feed in particular the young people minds                                                                                         Because they are suffering from the lack of social justice Also the unemployment, deprivation , social and political repression So , that terrorist organizations can attract young people through the internet by convincing them to their views and ideas . So these organizations will enable to be more  stronger.

Did Ground Cover Change Over Geologic Time?

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. LePage ◽  
Hermann W. Pfefferkorn
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Fossil

When one hears the term “ground cover,” one immediately thinks of “grasses.” This perception is so deep-seated that paleobotanists even have been overheard to proclaim that “there was no ground cover before grasses.” Today grasses are so predominant in many environments that this perception is perpetuated easily. On the other hand, it is difficult to imagine the absence or lack of ground cover prior to the mid-Tertiary. We tested the hypothesis that different forms of ground cover existed in the past against examples from the Recent and the fossil record (Table 1). The Recent data were obtained from a large number of sources including those in the ecological, horticultural, and microbiological literature. Other data were derived from our knowledge of Precambrian life, sedimentology and paleosols, and the plant fossil record, especially in situ floras and fossil “monocultures.” Some of the data are original observations, but many others are from the literature. A detailed account of these results will be presented elsewhere (Pfefferkorn and LePage, in preparation).

Reflections on Education in Torres Strait: Zuni Insights

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
American Indian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
The One ◽  
American Indian Community

Education in Torres Strait is at a crossroad. On the one hand changes are about to occur to its organisation. On the other hand crucial inroads are being made into community life by that process of education.I have lived in Torres Strait. I know some of the fears, hopes and disillusionment of many Torres Strait Islanders. I want to share some of my insights into your situation. When I left Thursday Island in 1972, it was with sadness and with a determination to find out how to better teach the young people of the Torres Strait. I would like to share one set of my findings with you. In particular, I would like to share the experiences of a small American Indian community with you. In many ways their story is like yours. Some of their lessons may help you in these days of rapid changes.

II.—On upright Equisetites Stems in the Oolitic Sandstone in Yorkshire

1913 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Halle
Keyword(s):  
Lower Surface ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Coal Measures

Stems of Ecquisetites columnaris (Brong.) have long been known to occur in a vertical position in the sandstones of the Inferior Oolite on the Yorkshire coast. This mode of occurrence has commonly been held as proving that the stems are preserved in the position in which they once grew, having been buried in situ beneath the layers of sand that accumulated on the spot. On the other hand, it has been argued that the upright position need not be primary; it might be as readily explained if the stems are regarded as drifted and secondarily deposited on the spots where they are now found. It is well known and has been pointed out, particularly in the discussions of the upright stems in the Coal-measures, that a drifting tree often has a tendency to sink in a vertical position, the root-end being heavier because of adhering mineral matter or from some other reason. Phillips describes, in his Geology of the Yorkshire Coast, a locality at High Whitby where upright stems of Equisetites columnaris occur in the sandstone. He continues: “They … are broken off or imperfect above, and seldom reach to the upper surface of the bed; they are also broken off below, but commonly pass to the lower surface; and some of the lower joints nearest the roots are found in the subjacent bed of shale.”

Young Women's and Men's Different Worlds of Alcohol, Fear, and Violence in Focus Group Discussions with 18-Year-Olds in Stockholm

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Street Violence

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how young women and men in focus group discussions reason about alcohol, street violence, fear of assault by a stranger, and to compare the different kinds of threats that young women and men present of what might happen when they are out at night and on their way home. The interviews are analysed from the point of view of the accounts the young people give for their feelings and behaviors. The young women's accounts are dominated by their answers to an implicit question of blame for how they ensure their security and which measures they have taken. What the young women are afraid of is rarely formulated explicitly. It is implicit and goes without much saying. On the other hand the accounts the young men are giving for their actions consist of answers to the implicit question of blame for violence they have been involved in and also of blame for fear of violence. The young men's picture of threat is concrete and consists of other young men of the same age. By their accounts they show that fear of violence is something that has to be given an explanation. The young men use intoxication both as an excuse for the violence they are using and as an explanation to why violence occurs.

Community Translation and Oral Performance of Some Praise Psalms within the Zulu Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
June F. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Praise Poetry

There is a strong history among the Zulu community of performing praise poetry, and a passion for composing and performing poetry continues among Zulu youth today. On the other hand, the current Zulu Bible is considered by many young people to be irrelevant or difficult to read and understand. With these two factors in mind, I conducted a study in which Zulu youth were invited to participate in basic training, after which they made their own translations of various praise psalms and then performed them before a community audience using song, rap, or spoken poetry. This paper looks at the process and benefits of inviting “ordinary speakers” to participate in the translation process, and of communicating the message through oral performance. The results are encouraging and suggest the methodology could be extended to other genres of biblical text and other language groups.

scholarly journals Violence in YAL with special emphasis on contemporary Macedonian YAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jovanka Denkova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Family Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Victims Of Violence

In this paper , we focus on contemporary Macedonian literature for young people, in particular of one of its segment, and it is the presence of violence and violent scenes in the works designed for this audience. Theorists of this literature, popularly called YAL, not circumvent these issues, just like writers who write books intended for adolescents. This topic will be discussed by esplicit examples that will be taken of contemporary literature for young people, in order from one side to indicate their presence, and the need to write freely on the subject, and on the other hand to help young people who are experiencing these problems. The analysis will show that in most cases, the cause of the young sometimes turning to violence or themselves been victims of violence are shifting family values, or lack / absence of the family, a family member, usually a parent, neglect by parents and their preoccupation with work.

scholarly journals Ostra jazda bez trzymanki, czyli seks w werbalizacjach licealistów

2010 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Karwatowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Students ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Polish Language

The author’s aim of the analysis presented in this article is an attempt at answering two questions: how high school students verbalize the lexeme sex, and whether it is possible to discern quantitative and qualitative differences in understanding and evaluating this notion by girls and boys. High school students were faced with three tasks concerning: 1. giving associations connected with the word sex; 2. listing adjectives collocating with the analyzed category; 3. constructing their own definitions of the noun. Both associations and collocations listed by the students appeared to be extremely varied and rich. They confirmed the opinion according to which every man treats sex differently and proved that young people are not afraid of their needs, desires or sexual dreams. Sex is not a taboo subject for them. Contrary to the associations, which abounded with an extremely large number of vulgar expressions, the definitions of the analyzed lexeme were, in fact, deprived of such attributes. Apart from a tendency to convey the word’s semantics precisely, the descriptions constructed by the high school students revealed emotionality. On the other hand, however, they showed changes in awareness, habits and social conduct of young users of the Polish language.

Legal Socialization in the Juvenile Justice System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Tyler ◽  
Rick Trinkner
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Socialization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
System P

Chapter 9 discusses legal socialization within the juvenile justice system. Adolescence is a developmental period during which many young people have contact with legal authorities, primarily the police. These contacts involve high levels of discretion for law enforcement, and studies show the manner in which that discretion is exercised has strong consequences for the subsequent orientations that adolescents have toward the law as well as their later law-related behavior. In particular, adolescents react to how fairly the authorities treat them. Juvenile justice is a particularly contentious area of policy with many punitive practices advocated in spite of evidence that they do not build legitimacy or reduce crime. On the other hand, experiencing justice is shown to promote legitimacy and lower offending.

Tidak Patut Mendidik Menurut Jalan yang Patut: Studi Eksegesis Amsal 22:6

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Jusuf Haries Kelelufna
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Good People ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Education Process

Abstract. Proverbs 22:6 is generally understood as providing assurance of the good results when the education process was carried out properly. However, the reality is that there is good people who is basicly not highly educated, on the other hand, there is people who is well educated but having bad behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore the true meaning of good education for young people. The approach taken was exegesis to Proverbs 22:6 by analyzing the lexical, context and syntax of the Hebrew grammar. The result of the analysis showed that good education did not always end up good results because it was influenced by many factors in education process.Abstrak. Amsal 22:6 pada umumnya dipahami sebagai memberikan kepastian hasil didikan yang baik jika proses didikannya dilakukan dengan baik. Namun demikian, realitasnya ada orang baik namun tidak berpendidikan tinggi, dan sebaliknya, ada orang yang berpendidikan tinggi namun berperilaku buruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali maksud sebenarnya didikan yang baik bagi orang muda. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah eksegesis terhadap Amsal 22:6 dengan cara menganalisis leksikal, konteks serta sintaks tata bahasa Ibraninya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa didikan yang baik tidak selalu menghasilkan yang baik oleh karena pendidikan dipergaruhi juga oleh banyak faktor.

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