Fishery bycatch is among the most important threats to the European population of Greater Scaup Aythya marila

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
DOMINIK MARCHOWSKI ◽  
ŁUKASZ JANKOWIAK ◽  
ŁUKASZ ŁAWICKI ◽  
DARIUSZ WYSOCKI ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW CHYLARECKI
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
European Population ◽  
North West ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Structured Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aythya Marila ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Age Structured

SummaryFor Greater Scaup Aythya marila, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the European Red List of Birds, the south-western Baltic Sea is one of the most important wintering sites in Europe. In this area, a large concentration of gillnet fishery temporally overlaps periods of the most abundant occurrence of foraging diving birds. The aim of the article is to show how bycatch can impact the population of a diving duck. To assess this, we calculate the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) for the studied Greater Scaup population and we model the population change according to age-structured matrix models. Summing all the available recent figures on Greater Scaup bycatch in north-west Europe yields an estimated mean annual total of 3,991 individuals (2% of the flyway population). For a baseline stable population, an age-structured matrix model indicates that at this bycatch level the Greater Scaup population that winters in north-west Europe will decrease by 36% over the next 30 years, qualifying the status of the population as ‘Vulnerable’ according to IUCN criteria. As this population also experiences decline prior to bycatch, this decrease will be 57%, which qualifies the status as ‘Endangered’. PBR as an indicator of population vitality does not work in our case because the PBR-informed allowable bycatch values have a significantly negative impact on the population. Our results indicate unambiguously that fishery bycatch is among the most important threats responsible for the Greater Scaup’s decline. While recent data suggest that some improvement has taken place in the species’ status over the last 10 years, measures to protect Greater Scaup from bycatch are required. The solution should involve the prohibition of gillnet fishing in selected key sites and the use of mitigation techniques in other areas.

scholarly journals The status of Japanese fisheries relative to fisheries around the world

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Ichinokawa ◽  
Hiroshi Okamura ◽  
Hiroyuki Kurota
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Structured Population Model ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Surplus Production Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Age Structured

We present the first quantitative review of the stock status relative to the stock biomass (B) and the exploitation rate (U) that achieved the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) (BMSY and UMSY, respectively) for 37 Japanese stocks contributing 61% of the total marine capture production in Japan. BMSY and UMSY were estimated by assuming three types of stock-recruitment (S-R) relationships and an age-structured population model or by applying a surplus production model. The estimated stock status shows that approximately half of the stocks were overfishing (U/UMSY > 1), and approximately half of the stocks were overfished (B/BMSY < 0.5) during 2011–2013. Over the past 15 years, U decreased and B slightly increased on average. The rate of decrease in the U of the stocks managed by the total allowable catch (TAC) was significantly greater than that of the other stocks, providing evidence of the effectiveness of TAC management in Japan. The above statuses and trends were insensitive to the assumption of the S-R relationship. The characteristics of Japanese stocks composed mainly of resources with relatively high natural mortality, i.e. productivity, suggest that Japanese fisheries have great potential of exhibiting a quick recovery and increasing their yield by adjusting the fishing intensity to an appropriate level.

scholarly journals Chemical and Natural Plant Extract in Ameliorating Negative Impact of Tropospheric Ozone on Wheat Crop: A Case Study in a Part of Semiarid North West India

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1742-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Daripa ◽  
Arti Bhatia ◽  
Sankalpa Ojha ◽  
Ritu Tomer ◽  
Sudipta Chattaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
North West

The Status of Coccinella septempunctata L. and its Varieties divaricata Oliv. and confusa Wied.

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sudha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Indian Station

A survey was recently undertaken by the author with Dr. V. P. Rao, Entomologist-in-charge, Indian Station, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Bangalore, India, for natural enemies of Adelges spp. attacking silver fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the North-West and Eastern Himalayas. In the course of this survey it was found that the coccinellids Coccinella septem-punctata L., C. septempunctata L. var. divaricata Oliv. and C. septempunctata L. var. confusa Wied, were three of the most common predators of Adelges spp. in both these areas. With a view to sending laboratory-reared material to Canada for trial against Adelges piceae Ratz., which is a serious pest there, large numbers of these Coccinellids were collected in the fir and spruce forests to provide breeding material.

scholarly journals Балцкія элементы ў граматыцы традыцыйных мясцовых гаворак паўночна‑заходняй Беларусі

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Вера [Vera] Астрэйка [Astrėĭka]
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
Language Support ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Language Assimilation ◽  
The Given ◽  
North Western

The Baltic elements in the grammar of traditional local dialects of north-western BelarusThe article analyzes a number of grammatical features typical for the North-West dialect zone of the Belarusian language. These peculiarities are interpreted as a possible result of Slavic-Baltic contacts in the region. Some phenomena can be explained as a Baltic (mainly (great)Lithuanian) substratum in North-West Belarusian dialects.The factor of areal neighborhood has to be taken into consideration too. Such phenomenon as language support has effect just in connection with the last one. A lot of the appropriate lingual facts are in restricted and inconsistent use. However, it is possible to be said about more or less significant (now or/and before) tendencies of regional lingual development. These tendencies has not got the status of a structural (= constitutional) lingual regularity. As a rule the wide and compact areas are characterized of some lingual facts (= lexemes), which illustrate the given transformations in the system of Belarusian dialects. Baltic influence upon the North-West Belarusian dialects grammar is detected on as the formal level so the structural one. And it is not noticeable at all times. The definite changes in the sphere of morphology and syntax can provoke different modifications in the other parts of a language system (word building, semantics). The results of this process are the evidences of ethnic and language assimilation of native Balts by Slavs in the region. That comes in support of forming the singular North-West Belarusian regiolect (= the regionally marked variety of a dialect language). Балтийские грамматические элементы в говорах северо-западной БеларусиВ статье анализируется ряд грамматических черт, характерных для говоров северо-западной диалектной зоны беларусского языка. Эти особенности квалифицируются автором как весьма вероятное следствие славяно-балтского языкового взаимодействия в соответствующем регионе. Отдельные явления есть основания рассматривать в качестве возможного проявления балтского (главным образом (пра-) литовского) субстрата в северо-западных беларусских говорах. Фактор ареальной смежности здесь также должен быть принят во внимание. В связи с последним следует упомянуть и действие феномена языковой поддержки. Многие соответствующие языковые факты имеют существенные ограничения в употреблении, в говорах выступают не всегда последовательно и регулярно. В некоторых случаях, однако, можно говорить о действии более или менее выраженных (в настоящем и/или прошлом) тенденций регионального языкового развития, которые пока не приобрели статус структурно значимой (= конститутивной) языковой закономерности. Широкие и компактные ареалы образуют, как правило, лишь отдельные языковые факты (= лексемы), иллюстрирующие данные трансформации в системе традиционных беларусских говоров. Балтское влияние на грамматический строй беларусских говоров северо-западной диалектной зоны выявляется как в плане формального выражения, так и на внутриструктурном уровне. Оно не всегда может быть заметно на первый взгляд. Определенные сдвиги в сфере морфологии и синтаксиса могут повлечь за собой изменения в других областях языковой системы (словообразовании, семантике). Результаты этого процесса являются ярким свидетельством того, что на отмеченной территории действительно имела место этноязыковая ассимиляция неславянского (= балтского) населения и происхо- дило формирование своеобразного северо-западного беларусского региолекта (= регионально обусловленной разновидности диалектной речи).

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF OVERCOMING OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 258-261
Author(s):  
Р. Тлебалдин ◽  
М. Абиров ◽  
М.К. Желдербаева ◽  
Е. Ергешов ◽  
Ж.Н. Бисенбаева
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Psychological Barrier ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual

В статье рассмотрены условия преодоления психологических барьеров в обучении студентов медиков. Преодоление психологического барьера это сложный и многогранный процесс, который сопровождается изменениями жизненных условий, статуса вчерашнего школьника, определения своего места в новом коллективе, отношениями с преподавателями, изменениями в организации своего рабочего времени, осознании причастности к будущей профессии врача. Психологический барьер представляет собой определенную внутриличностную преграду, преодоление которой ведет к качественному преобразованию, как деятельности личности, так и самой личности. Кроме этого в статье раскрываются основные причины возникновения психологических барьеров в процессе обучения, где проблема преодоления психологических барьеров учебной деятельности изучалась как в педагогических, так и в психологических исследованиях и оказывает негативное влияние на учебную деятельность студентов. The article considers the conditions for overcoming psychological barriers in the training of medical students. Overcoming the psychological barrier is a complex and multifaceted process that is accompanied by changes in living conditions, the status of yesterday's student, determining their place in the new team, relationships with teachers, changes in the organization of their working hours, awareness of involvement in the future profession of a doctor. The psychological barrier is a certain intrapersonal barrier, the overcoming of which leads to a qualitative transformation of both the activity of the individual and the personality itself. In addition, the article reveals the main reasons for the emergence of psychological barriers in the learning process, where the problem of overcoming psychological barriers to educational activity has been studied both in pedagogical and psychological studies and has a negative impact on the educational activities of students.

Crafting Country

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bird ◽  
James Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
North West ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Compliance Archaeology ◽  
Rock Shelters

Based on ten years of surveys and excavations in Nyiyaparli country in the eastern Chichester Ranges, north-west Australia, Crafting Country provides a unique synthesis of Holocene archaeology in the Pilbara region. The analysis of about 1000 sites, including surface artefact scatters and 19 excavated rock shelters, as well as thousands of isolated artefacts, takes a broad view of the landscape, examining the distribution of archaeological remains in time and space. Heritage compliance archaeology commonly focuses on individual sites, but this study reconsiders the evidence at different scales – at the level of artefact, site, locality, and region – to show how Aboriginal people interacted with the land and made their mark on it. Crafting Country shows that the Nyiyaparli ‘crafted’ their country, building structures and supplying key sites with grindstones, raw material and flaked stone cores. In so doing, they created a taskscape of interwoven activities linked by paths of movement.

Comparative evaluation of red clover genotypes with the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
А.М. Мазин ◽  
Э.Э. Егги
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
North West ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Institute

В статье рассмотрены приёмы восстановления высокоурожайного сорта клевера лугового Псковский местный двуукосный селекции Псковского НИИСХ с целью возвращения его в сельскохозяйственное производство Северо-Западного региона РФ. Сорт Псковский местный двуукосный отличается высокой урожайностью, продуктивным долголетием и устойчивостью к неблагоприятным факторам среды. Имеет повышенный спрос у производственников Псковской области. Однако отсутствие семеноводства, проблемы с выдачей сортовых и посевных документов сдерживают его распространение. Большой интерес представляет использование данного сорта в селекционной работе. В 2018–2020 годах в питомнике ОП Псковского НИИСХ были изучены семь образцов этой культуры (П-101–П-107), полученных из хозяйств области. Посеянные семена собраны с неапробированных посевов предположительно сорта Псковский местный двуукосный, который возделывался в хозяйствах многие годы. Для сравнительного анализа оригинал сорта получили из коллекции ВИР (К-31744). В результате определения типа созревания образцов по количеству междоузлий на стебле и построения вариационных кривых образцы П-103, П-106, П-107 отнесли к позднеспелому типу клевера лугового, что указало на их несоответствие оригиналу. Наиболее близкими по этому показателю к оригиналу оказались образцы П-101, П-102, П-104, П-105. По морфологическим признакам наибольшее сходство с оригиналом имели образцы П-101, П-102, П-103. Методом SDS-электрофореза белковых спектров выявили три позиции, по которым исследованные образцы неапробированных посевов (П-101, П-102, П-103) отличались от К-31744. Для восстановления сорта Псковский местный двуукосный в качестве исходного материала перспективно использование образцов П-101 и П-102 как наиболее схожих с оригиналом по срокам созревания и морфологии. Метод SDS-электрофореза позволяет контролировать селекционные образцы на идентичность сортам клевера лугового. This article reports on the experiment aimed at improving the performance of red clover “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” to be cultivated in the North-West region of Russia. The variety was bred at the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute and has high productivity, productive longevity and resistance to environmental stresses. This variety is well-known among the farmers in the Pskov region. However poor seed production together with paper issues have negative impact on its wide cultivation. “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” is a valuable material for plant breeding. In 2018–2020 the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute collected seven red clover specimens (P-101–P-107) from the regional farms. The collected seeds potentially belonged to the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety. The original variety was obtained from the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) as a control (K-31744). As a result, P-103, P-106, and P-107 were shown to be long-seasoned and therefore differed from the control. P-101, P-102, P-104, and P-105 were more similar to the control in their maturation rate. However, P-101, P-102, P-103 morphologically were closer to the original variety. SDS-PAGE showed that P-101, P-102, and P-103 differed from the control (K-31744). P-101 and P-102 were used as parent material to improve “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” since they were more similar to the one.

scholarly journals Monitoring Mining Disturbance and Restoration over RBM Site in South Africa Using LandTrendr Algorithm and Landsat Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubanzi Z. D. Dlamini ◽  
Sifiso Xulu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Mines ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Observation Strategy ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Disturbance And Recovery

Considering the negative impact of mining on ecosystems in mining areas, the South African government legislated the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of 2002), to compel mining companies to restore the land affected by mining. Several studies have used remotely sensed data to observe the status and dynamics of surface mines. Advances in remote sensing along the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) now promise an enhanced observation strategy for improved monitoring of mine environments. Despite these advances, land rehabilitation at Richards Bay Minerals (RBM) is mainly restricted to field-based approaches which are unable to reveal seamless patterns of disturbance and restoration. Here, we illustrate the value of the trajectory-based LandTrendr algorithm in conjunction with GEE for mine rehabilitation studies. Our automated method produced disturbance and recovery patterns (1984–2018) over the RBM site. The study revealed that RBM has progressively been mining different portions of the mineral-rich coastal area after which restoration was undertaken. The duration of mining over each site ranged from 2 to 6 years. The LandTrendr outputs correspond with independent reference datasets that were classified with an overall accuracy of 99%; it captures mine-induced disturbance efficiently and offers a practical tool for mine restoration management.

De Nederlandse taal als luxe-waar op de Surinaamse markt?

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Hugo W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
European Population ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
The Government ◽  
Attitudinal Changes

In the multilingual community of Surinam the official language is Dutch. This language has occupied the official status during almost three centuries of colonial government, the intermediate stage of self-government (as part of the kingdom of the Netherlands from 1954 through 1975) and after complete independence in 1975. Though the status of official language did not change, a different language policy had to be adopted with respect to different role components in each of four historical periods. The language policy adopted in each of these periods can be considered the result of social changes which took place, and of attitudinal changes with respect to the functioning of other languages in the community. The changing role of the Dutch language in the four periods is discussed in terms of its changing socio-linguistic profile. The first change was that from an ethnic group specific position (the European population only) to an obligatory position which concerned the whole population. In each of these two periods Dutch was used in relation to all main functions (communication* education., religion and literature). During the period in which Dutch played the ethnic specific role the language Sranan was used as a promoted language to perform the same functions for the slave population of the 17th, 18th and 19th century. This language was also used as language of communication between the Europeans and the slaves. The social change from a slavery society to a society of citizens only had forced the governement to discourage the use of Sranan and to consider Dutch the only language in the country. This obligatory position was eventually disregarded in favor of a partial role of the Dutch language in a multicultural society. The recognition by the government of a multitude of cultural ambitions has led it to accept the possibility of the sharing of functions among languages. Especially with respect to intergroupcoinmunication and literature, the recognition-of the role of Sranan as national language became the main feature of this period. However, the emergency of Surinam-Dutch, as a variety (xized language) of the Dutch language used by the majority of the Dutch speaking community in Surinam, has given the governement of the new republic of Surinam an opportunity to promote cultural integration by means of this language variety. Though this too will have to share functions with Sranan (inter-group communication, literature, etc.), it is suggested that a stan-dardized version might not only change its promoted language status into that of national official language but also give a better criterion to judge and to stimulate performances in education and literature.

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