Storage of short-lived seeds of Inga vera subsp. affinis in osmotic medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Larissa C. V. Pereira ◽  
Rafaella C. Mayrinck ◽  
Carolina R. Zambon ◽  
Anderson C. José ◽  
José M.R. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Food Reserves

AbstractInga vera subsp. affinis (Fabaceae) is a tree species native to riparian forests in Southeast Brazil and is key for the restoration of deforested areas. The species produce seeds that are highly recalcitrant. Extreme sensitivity to desiccation as well as vivipary are commonly observed in mature seeds, which also tend towards polyembryony. Past research has shown that typical strategies to store seeds are inapplicable to Inga vera as viability is completely lost when seeds are either dried to around 28% water content (wet basis) or stored at 5°C for a few weeks. Here, we examine the feasibility of storing the seeds under hydrated conditions but at reduced water potential. Freshly collected seeds were kept under conventional storage conditions (plastic bags in cold chamber, 5°C) and in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions (−1.6 and −2.4 MPa) at 10°C. Seed germination was assessed after various intervals of time, until all seeds had lost viability. Before storage, seeds attained 100% germination and produced an average of 1.8 normal seedlings per seed (due to polyembryony). Storage in PEG at −1.6 MPa maintained 90% germination (radicle protrusion) and one normal seedling per seed on average for more than 200 d. Osmotic storage likely slowed down metabolism within the seed and hence consumption of food reserves. The storage time achieved has practical applications for in situ restoration, but cannot address ex situ germplasm conservation. Extending shelf life for an additional 6 months allows tree nurseries to optimize the production of seedlings so that they can be planted during the wet season.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation and cytological analysis of Sophora mollis Royle: an endangered medicinal shrub

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aakriti Bhandari ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Amber Srivastava ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
G. S. Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Abstract Background Sophora mollis Royle (family Fabaceae, subfamily-Papilionaceae) is a multipurpose legume distributed in plains and foothills of the North-West Himalaya to Nepal and is facing high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and exploitation by the local people for its fuel and fodder values. Therefore, the present study was conducted to standardize a micropropagation protocol for Sophora mollis by using shoot tip explants and to study the meiotic chromosome count in the species. Results Multiple shoots were induced in shoot tip explants of Sophora mollis in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins alone (BAP, TDZ, and Kinetin) and in combination with varying concentrations of NAA. MS medium supplemented with BAP (8.9 μM) was observed to be the optimal medium for multiple shoot induction and maximum 25.32 shoots per explant was obtained with average length of 4.5 ± 0.8 cm. In vitro developed shoots were transferred onto rooting media supplemented with different concentrations of auxin (IAA, IBA, and NAA). Maximum 86% rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 21.20 μM NAA with an average of 21.26 roots per culture. In vitro raised plantlets were adapted to greenhouse for better acclimatization and 60% plants were successfully transferred to the open environment. Based on the chromosome counts available from the literature and the current study, the species tend to show a basic chromosome number of x = 9. Conclusion The micropropagation protocol standardized can be helpful for the ex situ mass multiplication and germplasm conservation of the endangered species. Moreover, the ex situ conservation approach will be helpful in actively bridging the gap between ex situ and in situ approaches through the reintroduction of species in the wild. The cytological studies revealed the basic chromosome number x = 9 of the species.

scholarly journals All Populations Matter: Conservation Genomics of Australia’s Iconic Purple Wattle, Acacia purpureopetala

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marlien M. van der Merwe ◽  
Jia-Yee S. Yap ◽  
Peter D. Wilson ◽  
Helen T. Murphy ◽  
Andrew Ford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
Modelling Framework

Maximising genetic diversity in conservation efforts can help to increase the chances of survival of a species amidst the turbulence of the anthropogenic age. Here, we define the distribution and extent of genomic diversity across the range of the iconic but threatened Acacia purpureopetala, a beautiful sprawling shrub with mauve flowers, restricted to a few disjunct populations in far north Queensland, Australia. Seed production is poor and germination sporadic, but the species occurs in abundance at some field sites. While several thousands of SNP markers were recovered, comparable to other Acacia species, very low levels of heterozygosity and allelic variation suggested inbreeding. Limited dispersal most likely contributed towards the high levels of divergence amongst field sites and, using a generalised dissimilarity modelling framework amongst environmental, spatial and floristic data, spatial distance was found to be the strongest factor explaining the current distribution of genetic diversity. We illustrate how population genomic data can be utilised to design a collecting strategy for a germplasm conservation collection that optimises genetic diversity. For this species, inclusion of all field sites will capture maximum genetic diversity for both in situ and ex situ conservation. Assisted cross pollination, within and between field sites and genetically structured groups, is recommended to enhance heterozygosity particularly at the most disjunct sites and further fragmentation should be discouraged to avoid loss of genetic connectivity.

Soil seed bank and vegetation dynamics in Sahelian fallows; the impact of past cropping and current grazing treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Hérault ◽  
Pierre Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
The Impact

The soil seed bank in a 5-y-old Sahelian fallow was studied through seed extraction and compared with germinations recorded either in controlled conditions, ex situ in a glasshouse, or in the field. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer and mulch application during the preceding crop period, and that of seasonal grazing regimes applied the last 2 y of fallowing, were assessed on the composition of the seed stock. Ctenium elegans, Fimbristylis hispidula, Merremia pinnata and Phyllanthus pentandrus accounted together for 75% of extracted seeds, 72% of ex situ, and 62% of in situ seedlings. Mulch treatment was correlated with the first axis of the canonical correspondence analyses performed on the seedling datasets. Mulch and phosphorus fertilizer treatments held similar responses, as they both favoured the seed bank of erect dicotyledons such as P. pentandrus and Cassia mimosoides. On the whole, the effects of grazing remained modest compared with the residual effects of past crop management practices. However, seedling densities increased as a result of dry-season grazing, while the soil seed bank decreased with wet-season grazing. Grazing also reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the seed bank rather than the overall number of species.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) seeds subjected to different storage conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Conduru Ribeiro Reis ◽  
Claudinéia Regina Pelacani ◽  
Cimille Gabrielle Cardoso Antunes ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas ◽  
Renato Delmondez de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Physiological Quality

Studies of seed physiological processes represent the starting point for the sustainable utilization of native or cultivated plant species from the caatinga biome for which germination studies are still scarce. In order to determine adequate methods for the conservation of Gliricidia sepium seeds, the physiological quality of propagules exposed to different conditions and times of storage were examined. Recently collected seeds of G. sepium were analyzed immediately, while the other sample was stored for three, six, nine, or twelve months in plastic or paper bags under refrigeration or at room temperature for further analysis. The germination rates of seeds from each storage regime were determined and these rates compared to their water content. It was observed that germination capacity was directly related to changes in seed humidity. Storing seeds in plastic bags yielded the best conservation, mainly when they were stored at low temperatures. However, even at temperatures near 25°C it was possible to prolong seed viability when their water content was controlled through the use of impermeable packing.

Developmental studies of the stratification–germination process in sugar maple embryos

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shih ◽  
E. B. Dumbroff ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Key Events

Changes in the anatomy, morphology, and stored food reserves of stratifying (5 °C) sugar maple embryos were followed from a strongly dormant state through germination. The correlation of cell division and cell elongation with radicle protrusion was also investigated. No morphological or anatomical changes were observed before first maturation of phloem elements on the 17th day of stratification. Mature xylem elements were first observed on day 37, and first germination was noted on day 38. Radicle protrusion was initiated by cell elongation, and cell division was not active for several days after emergence and a marked increase in lengths of the axes had occurred. Changes in amounts of protein, lipid, and starch were not observed during the stratification period, but mobilization of stored reserves was clearly evident with emergence of the radicles. Several of these key events appeared to be closely associated with previously described peaks and patterns of growth regulator activity.

scholarly journals In vitro performance in cotton plants with different genetic backgrounds: the case of Gossypium hirsutum in Mexico, and its implications for germplasm conservation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Hernández-Terán ◽  
Ana Wegier ◽  
Mariana Benítez ◽  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Tania Gabriela Sosa Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Wild Cotton

One of the best ex situ conservation strategies for wild germplasm is in vitro conservation of genetic banks. The success of in vitro conservation relies heavily on the micropropagation or performance of the species of interest. In the context of global change, crop production challenges and climate change, we face a reality of intensified crop production strategies, including genetic engineering, which can negatively impact biodiversity conservation. However, the possible consequences of transgene presence for the in vitro performance of populations and its implications for biodiversity conservation are poorly documented. In this study we analyzed experimental evidence of the potential effects of transgene presence on the in vitro performance of Gossypium hirsutum L. populations, representing the Mexican genetic diversity of the species, and reflect on the implications of such presence for ex situ genetic conservation of the natural variation of the species. We followed an experimental in vitro performance approach, in which we included individuals from different wild cotton populations as well as individuals from domesticated populations, in order to differentiate the effects of domestication traits dragged into the wild germplasm pool via gene flow from the effects of transgene presence. We evaluated the in vitro performance of five traits related to plant establishment (N = 300): propagation rate, leaf production rate, height increase rate, microbial growth and root development. Then we conducted statistical tests (PERMANOVA, Wilcoxon post-hoc tests, and NMDS multivariate analyses) to evaluate the differences in the in vitro performance of the studied populations. Although direct causality of the transgenes to observed phenotypes requires strict control of genotypes, the overall results suggest detrimental consequences for the in vitro culture performance of wild cotton populations in the presence of transgenes. This provides experimental, statistically sound evidence to support the implementation of transgene screening of plants to reduce time and economic costs in in vitro establishment, thus contributing to the overarching goal of germplasm conservation for future adaptation.

scholarly journals Estimation of hydrological drought recovery based on GRACE water storage deficit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Singh ◽  
John T. Reager ◽  
Ali Behrangi
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract. Drought is a natural climate extreme phenomenon that presents great challenges in forecasting and monitoring for water management purposes. Previous studies have examined the use of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage anomalies to measure the amount of water missing from a drought-affected region, and other studies have attempted statistical approaches to drought recovery forecasting based on joint probabilities of precipitation and soil moisture. The goal of this study is to combine GRACE data with historical precipitation observations to quantify the amount of precipitation required to achieve normal storage conditions in order to estimate a likely drought recovery time. First, linear relationships between terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) and cumulative precipitation anomaly are established across a range of conditions. Then, historical precipitation data are statistically modeled to develop simplistic precipitation forecast skill. Three different precipitation scenarios are simulated by using a standard deviation in climatology. Precipitation scenarios are convolved with precipitation deficit estimates to calculate best-estimate of a drought recovery period. The results show that in the regions of strong seasonal amplitude (like monsoon belt) drought continues even with the above-normal precipitation until its wet season. Historical GRACE-observed drought recovery period is used to validate the approach. Estimated drought for an example month demonstrated 80% similar recovery period as observed by the GRACE.

scholarly journals Sex Allocation, Diet, and Small Population Management of African Rhinoceros

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth Victoria Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Wet Season

<p>The application of sex allocation theory can provide useful insight into endangered rhinoceros biology to improve in situ and ex situ conservation efforts by understanding the factors that cause a female to produce one sex of calf. By decreasing the birth sex ratio (number of males born per number of females born) in a population it may be possible to increase population growth rates. The first aim was to determine if an environmentally cued sex allocation response occurred in black rhinos. By examining rainfall and calf sex records in a wild black rhino population, I identified that birth sex ratios increase in rainy seasons and rainy years. Mothers were more likely to be observed with male calves if they conceived during the wet season (57.3% male) than during the dry season (42.9% male). Mothers were more likely to raise male calves if they conceived during wet years (60.2% male) than during dry years (46.1% male). Next, I examined whether pulsatile or random variation in sex ratios of different magnitudes, as might occur under changes in climate patterns, would be detrimental to rhinoceros population growth. Results demonstrated that while random increases in the magnitude of birth sex ratio variation, in either direction, increased population survival probability up to 0.907, sequential pulsed years of birth sex ratio bias had the opposite effect on population performance down to a survival probability of 0.619. Furthermore, for both scenarios, populations of less than 50 animals are particularly vulnerable to extinction. Since the sex biases observed in the captive rhinoceros population were attributed to several factors, I used an information theoretic approach to evaluate the relative importance of different hypotheses for birth sex bias for predicting calf sex. The results demonstrated that none of the models tested were greatly predictive of calf sex. Suspecting that the mechanisms that were cueing calf sex occur close to the time of conception and were nutritionally cued, in the final experiment, I measured changes in blood glucose in white rhinos after they ate different meals. At 90 minutes, serum glucose levels in rhinos eating the 10 % lucerne hay diet were significantly lower than the 5% glucose and 10% glucose diets but not the 10% pellet nor 10% grass hay diets. This is the first time such an experiment has been published in a wildlife species and not only demonstrates the feasibility of training rhinos for successive blood draws but also that captive diets are low glycemic for white rhinos. Overall, my research confirmed that an environmentally cued sex allocation response does occur in African rhinos, and changes in the duration and magnitude of sex ratio patterns can decrease population growth and increase potential for extinction. Additionally, none of the previous hypotheses for the suspected male-sex bias in captive born rhinos were influential on calf sex, which shifts the focus of sex allocation research in rhinos to more acute signals around the time of conception, such as changes in diet and body condition.</p>

The effect of packaging materials and an ethylene absorber on the preservation of сilantro

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко ◽  
А.В. Янченко ◽  
М.И. Иванова ◽  
Г.В. Ткаченко ◽  
К.В. Порвалов
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Perishable Products ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Ma Packaging ◽  
Biochemical Quality

Кориандр овощной, как и все зеленные культуры, относится к скоропортящейся продукции, которая быстро теряет свои товарные качества. Для продления срока хранения зелени кориандра необходим альтернативный способ хранения. В 2020–2021 годах проведены исследования по изучению влияния упаковочных материалов (в том числе пакетов Xtend израильской компании StePac, создающих модифицированную атмосферу), используемых в комплексе с абсорбером этилена (саше) на основе перманганата калия Save Fresh, на изменение органолептических и биохимических показателей качества кориандра овощного сорта Бородинский при различных условиях хранения. Свежие листья кориандра упаковывали в полиэтиленовые пакеты плотностью 15 и 35 мкм, размером 36×25 см и массой 300 г и в пакеты Xtend, размером 66×54 см и массой 800 г. Контролем служили образцы, уложенные в открытый полимерный ящик. Хранили продукцию в течение пяти суток при температуре 10–12 °С, 14 суток при температуре 4–6 °С и 21 сутки при температуре 1–3 °С в холодильной камере с контролируемыми условиями. Относительная влажность воздуха – 90±3%. Максимальный выход товарной продукции кориандра отмечен при использовании упаковки Xtend МА/МВ с абсорбером этилена Save Fresh: при хранении в течение 5 суток при температуре 10–12 °C – 95,7%, 14 суток при 4–6 °C – 94,3%, 21 суток при 1–3 °С – 91,7%. Максимальное сохранение витамина С в продукции зафиксировано в варианте с Xtend-упаковкой – 33,8 мг% при показателе 40,1 мг% сразу после срезки зелени. Использование Xtend-упаковки израильской фирмы StePac, создающей модифицированную атмосферу/модифицированную влажность вместе с абсорбером этилена на основе перманганата калия Save Fresh, позволяет снизить потери и обеспечить сохранение качества зелени кориандра овощного сорта Бородинский в процессе транспортировки, хранения и реализации. Cilantro, like all green crops, refers to perishable products that quickly lose their marketable qualities. To extend the shelf life of cilantro greens, an alternative storage method is needed. In 2020–2021, studies were conducted to study the influence of packaging materials (including Xtend packages of the Israeli company StePac, which create a modified atmosphere) used in combination with an ethylene absorber (sachet) based on potassium permanganate Save Fresh, on the change in organoleptic and biochemical quality indicators of cilantro of the vegetable variety Borodinsky under various storage conditions. Fresh cilantro leaves were packed in plastic bags with a density of 15 and 35 microns, a size of 36×25 cm and a weight of 300 g and the Xtend packages, measuring 66×54 cm and weighing 800 g. The samples placed in an open polymer box served as a control. The products were stored for five days at a temperature of 10–12 °C, 14 days at a temperature of 4–6 °C and 21 days at a temperature of 1–3 °C in a refrigerator with controlled conditions. The relative humidity of the air is 90±3%. The maximum yield of commercial cilantro products is noted when using Xtend MA packaging/MH with an ethylene absorber Save Fresh: when stored for 5 days at a temperature of 10–12 °C – 95.7%, 14 days at 4–6 °C – 94.3%, 21 days at 1–3 °C – 91.7%. The maximum preservation of vitamin C in products is recorded in the Xtend packaging variant – 33.8 mg% with an indicator of 40.1 mg% immediately after cutting the greens. The use of Xtend packaging from the Israeli company StePac, which creates a modified atmosphere/modified humidity, together with an ethylene absorber based on potassium permanganate Save Fresh, allows you to reduce losses and ensure the preservation of the quality of cilantro greens of the Borodinsky vegetable variety during transportation, storage and sale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document