Effect of harvest time and soaking treatment on cell cycle activity in sugarbeet seeds

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Ś;liwiń;ska ◽  
Hai-Chun Jing ◽  
Claudette Job ◽  
Dominique Job ◽  
Jan H.W. Bergervoet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractCell cycle activity in dry and germinating untreated and treated (soaked in water and subsequently in fungicide) seeds of two sugarbeet cultivars, collected at commercial harvest time (late mature seeds) and about 2 weeks before this (immature seeds), was investigated by flow cytometry, and by immuno-detection of β-tubulin and the B-subunit of the 11 S globulin. Germination capacity and field emergence were tested. With dry seeds of both cultivars, higher G2 / G1 ratios were observed in the radicle tips of late mature seeds, as compared with those from immature seeds. The late mature seeds contained more partly degraded (soluble) B-subunit of 11 S globulin, typical of germinating or primed sugarbeet seeds. Thus events associated with the onset of germination had occurred in the seed lots collected at commercial harvest time. The cytoskeleton protein β-tubulin was not detectable in dry seeds from either harvest. Western blotting revealed an accumulation of β-tubulin during germination and this was faster in the late mature harvested seeds which was correlated with the onset of DNA replication. Soaking enhanced the rate of cell cycle activation during germination as well as vigour, germination capacity, and field emergence. There was positive correlation between the G2 / G1 ratio and the traits examined in laboratory and field tests. It is concluded that a combined analysis of proteins and cell-cycle-related events can be used in understanding and predicting sugarbeet seed quality.

Cell cycle and germination of fresh, dried and deteriorated sugarbeet seeds as indicators of optimal harvest time

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
The Status ◽  
Controlled Deterioration

AbstractSeeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) were collected at weekly intervals from 3 weeks before to 1 week after commercial harvest time, dried and stored at room temperature (18–22°C). Laboratory germination tests and flow cytometric analyses were performed immediately after harvest (fresh seeds) and five times at weekly intervals during storage (dry seeds). After 6 months of storage, seeds were exposed to a controlled deterioration treatment (CD). The proportion of G2nuclei in the embryo was constant in the fresh seeds, regardless of their maturity. It decreased, however, after drying and CD, especially in those seeds harvested before maturation drying had commenced. The proportion of endosperm cells in the seed decreased with maturation, and a further decrease was observed after drying and CD. These observations suggest that nuclei with a higher nuclear DNA content were more sensitive to water stress caused by premature desiccation and to deterioration than nuclei with a lower DNA content. Fresh seeds exhibited some germination, but this increased after drying, suggesting that desiccation induced a switch from the developmental to the germination mode. Germination percentages were the highest in dry seeds collected at the commercial harvest time and a week after. This high germinability coincided with the highest proportion of G2cells in the embryo. It is concluded that flow cytometry provides information about the status of sugarbeet seed maturation, seed quality and storage potential, and can be used for estimation of optimal harvest time.

scholarly journals Masting effect on alpha and beta avian diversity in fragmented forests of relict-endangered Mexican Beech (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Levinn Camacho-Islas ◽  
Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón ◽  
Isolda Luna-Vega ◽  
Pilar Carbó-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Tropical montane cloud forests are one of the most important hotspots on Earth and show presence of relict-endemic and endangered species, representing about 14% of the total tropical forest worldwide. Synchronous seed production or masting in tropical montane cloud tree species is a widespread reproductive strategy of deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved tree associations to decrease costs of reproduction and ensure offspring. Masting event maintains a high avian diversity, which can be modified by phenological process (seed production and non-seed production). Methods The main aim of this study was to assess alpha and beta avian diversity and whether the composition of the trophic guild modifies among phenological processes and between two fragmented relict-endangered Mexican Beech (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana) forests (Medio Monte and El Gosco) in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. In addition, we evaluated beechnut production. Results We recorded 36 bird species, 11 of them included in some conservation risk status, and 5 endemic species. Alpha diversity values were dissimilar in avian richness (q = 0) among phenological processes and between fragmented beech forests. Avian communities among three phenological processes and between fragmented forests were structurally similar, dominated during immature seeds the Brown-backed Solitaire (granivores–insectivores–frugivores); during mature seeds the White-crowned Parrot (Pionus senilis, granivores–frugivores); and the Dwarf Jay (Cyanolyca nana, insectivores) was abundant during low seed quality. The complementarity index was high among phenological processes and low between forests. We found a high bird turnover value between immature seeds—mature seeds and during mature seeds—low seed quality. Furthermore, a similar pattern was recorded between the two study forests. Seed production showed a high number of undamaged beechnuts in Medio Monte, while in El Gosco beechnuts were attacked by insects. Conclusions Our results reflect that masting phenological process and contrasting study forests’ structure influence the shifts in alpha and beta diversity of seed and non-seed bird consumers. Our study reaffirms the importance of continuing studies throughout masting in all the Mexican Beech forests to address regional efforts in preserving the relict-ecological interactions.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence Sorting Method to Improve Quality of Capsicum Pepper Seed Lots Produced from Different Maturity Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Begüm Kenanoglu ◽  
Ibrahim Demir ◽  
Henk Jalink
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Mature Seeds

This work was conducted to investigate the efficacy of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) sorting to improve seed germination, seedling emergence, and vigor of seeds produced from different maturity fruits of four different cultivars. Four harvest dates from each cultivar were evaluated by harvesting orange (immature), bright red (half-mature), dark red (mature), and dark red and soft (overmature) fruits. Seeds were either sorted or nonsorted after harvesting and standard laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and controlled deterioration tests were conducted. CF sorting significantly increased laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and seed vigor. Maximum improvements were obtained from seeds harvested from half-mature and mature stages. Mean germination improvement among cultivars between CF-sorted and nonsorted seeds were 14% in the immature seeds, 11% in half-mature seeds, 6% in mature seeds, and 9% in overmature seeds. Improvements in seedling emergence were 21%, 17%, 9%, and 10% and 4%, 11%, 10%, 14% for seed vigor (CD germination) in the all maturity stages of seed lots, respectively. CF has the potential to upgrade seed quality in pepper lots as a non-destructive sorting technology.

Tubulin Proteins in Cancer Resistance: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
Maryam Hassan Al-Zahrani ◽  
Salman Hasan Khan ◽  
Mateen Hasan Khan ◽  
Hani Awad Al-Subhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Β Tubulin

Cancer cells are altered with cell cycle genes or they are mutated, leading to a high rate of proliferation compared to normal cells. Alteration in these genes leads to mitosis dysregulation and becomes the basis of tumor progression and resistance to many drugs. The drugs which act on the cell cycle fail to arrest the process, making cancer cell non-responsive to apoptosis or cell death. Vinca alkaloids and taxanes fall in this category and are referred to as antimitotic agents. Microtubule proteins play an important role in mitosis during cell division as a target site for vinca alkaloids and taxanes. These proteins are dynamic in nature and are composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers. β-tubulin specially βΙΙΙ isotype is generally altered in expression within cancerous cells. Initially, these drugs were very effective in the treatment of cancer but failed to show their desired action after initial chemotherapy. The present review highlights some of the important targets and their mechanism of resistance offered by cancer cells with new promising drugs from natural sources that can lead to the development of a new approach to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

The importance of time of spraying, desiccant type and harvest time on industrial fibre production from stand-retted fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum)

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. BENNETT ◽  
D. WRIGHT ◽  
G. EDWARDS-JONES
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
New Form ◽  
Mature Seeds

SUMMARYEven and successful retting of flax through application of a desiccating herbicide and stand-retting is a major constraint to increasing its incorporation in industrial products. With the release of a new form of glyphosate based on the isopropylamine (IPA) salt with biactivator (Roundup Biactive, Monsanto Ltd), a field trial was planted using three flax varieties with differing levels of ease of desiccation at the Henfaes Research Centre, University of Wales Bangor in 2004. The crop was sprayed at four different times of maturity: mid-point of flowering plus 7 days (MPF+7), MPF+14, MPF+21 or MPF+28 using two different herbicide treatments; Roundup Biactive (Monsanto PLC) or Roundup Biactive+Restore (40% ammonium sulphate, AmegA Sciences PLC). Fibre quality was assessed following retting and the ease of decortication was measured. The highest fibre yields were obtained from the MPF+28 spray date, and from the Biactive herbicide treatment. Although lower yields were recorded with the Biactive+Restore treatment, the stems were easier to decorticate. It is suggested that an early sowing date and the use of the IPA salt-based glyphosate with biactivator, and careful monitoring of the crop during the retting process, contributed to the early and successful harvest from the MPF+28 plots, allowing mature seeds as well as fibre to be harvested from the flax plants.

scholarly journals Ethylene and Lipoxygenase In Relation to Afterripening of Dormant NC-13 Peanut Seeds1,2

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ketring ◽  
H. E. Pattee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Following harvest, peanuts are usually subjected to a period of storage. During storage biochemical changes are known to occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the changes and relationship in ethylene production, germination, and lipoxygenase (LG) activity during cold storage of dormant NC-13 peanut seeds. Two seed lots (SL) were used: one grown in Oklahoma (SL80) and the other grown in N. Carolina (SL81). SL80 and SL81 were stored at 2 to 5 C for 193 and 242 days, respectively. Samples were taken at about 28-day intervals for determination of germination, ethylene production, and LG activity. Seeds of two and three maturities were tested for SL80 and SL81, respectively. As afterripening of stored seeds proceeded, ethylene production gradually increased, with the maximum at 48 hours of germination. Germination showed a concomitant gradual increase. Lipoxygenase activity of both seedlots was less for mature than for immature seeds and showed a sharp increase during storage at 2 to 5 C, particularly for immature seeds. After heat-treatment to break dormancy of sublots from SL81, there was a progessive increase in ethylene production and germination, but most notably for mature seeds. In contrast to ethylene production and germination, after heat-treatment LG activity declined. Linear correlation coefficient (r) values between ethylene production and germination were highly significant for mature seeds from SL80 at 48 and 72 hours of germination, but only at 72 hours for immature seeds. For SL81 as for SL80, significant positive correlations were found between ethylene production and germination. However, correlations between LG activity and the other variables were not significant except for mature seeds from SL81. Significant positive correlations for both ethylene production and germination with LG activity also existed for these seeds. But after heat-treatment these correlations no longer occurred. The data indicate that the metabolic processes related to ethylene production and germination are occurring simultaneously with those of LG activity. The possibility that metabolites from LG activity serve as substrates for ethylene production can not be precluded.

scholarly journals Effect Of Preserved Seeds Using Different Botanicals On Seed Quality Of Lentil

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khatun ◽  
G Kabir ◽  
MAH Bhuiyan ◽  
D Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Leaf Powder

Laboratory studies were conducted with leaf powder of three plants to show the preservative effect for maintaining the quality of lentil seeds in storage. After processing and drying, seeds were preserved with different botanicals and stored them in earthen pots for eight months. Botanicals, such as whole leaf powder of neem (Azadirachta indica), dholkalmi (Ipmoea sepiara), and bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) were used at a dose of 5% w/w (25 g botanical per 500 g of lentil seeds). The lentil seeds were stored till next planting time and seed quality, such as moisture content, germination capacity, root length, shoot length of the seedlings and vigour index were observed. The highest values for all these characters except moisture content were significant when the seeds were preserved with neem leaf powder and bishkatali. Among three botanicals, dholkalmi was less effective. Keywords: Lentil; botanicals; storage; seed quality DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9266 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 381-387

scholarly journals Seed research for improved technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Bino ◽  
H. Jalink ◽  
M.O. Oluoch ◽  
S.P.C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Quality Seed

The production of high-quality seed is the basis for a durable a profitable agriculture. After production, seed is processed, conditioned, stored, shipped and germinated. For quality assurance, seed quality has to be controlled at all steps of the production chain. Seed functioning is accompanied by programmed transitions from cell proliferation to quiescence upon maturation and from quiescence to reinitiation of cellular metabolism upon imbibition. Despite the obvious importance of these control mechanisms, very little information is available at the molecular level concerning those elements that regulate seed germination. In the present study, the induction of cell cycle activity and the regulation of ß-tubulin expression is related to the water content and other physical properties of the seed.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic Germination of Mature Seeds and the Seed Development of Vanilla Planifolia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background: Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, sexual propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because of the extremely hard seed coat. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.Results: We found that soaking mature seeds in 4 % sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination and that immature seeds collected at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. After 60 DAP, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope. These features matches the significant decreases of immature seed germination percentage after 60 DAP. Conclusion: We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, and might play an important role in seed dormancy of V. plantifolia.

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