scholarly journals Outbreak of Toxoplasmosis in the City of Santa Maria, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s74-s74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Dal Ponte ◽  
Daniela Burguez ◽  
Giordanna Andrioli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Infection ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Introduction:In the first months of 2018, there was an increase in the number of cases of fever possibly related to toxoplasmosis in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, reaching significant values. Toxoplasmosis is an autoimmune acute infection usually asymptomatic in 80-90% of immunocompetent adults. In this outbreak, the intensity of the symptoms presented warrants attention.Objective:To report cases of the toxoplasmosis outbreak in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study using data on the outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria published in bulletins by the Municipal Health Department of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Results:The outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria was confirmed on April 19, 2018. Until June 14, 2018, 510 cases were confirmed. According to the most recent bulletin released by the State Health Department on June 8, 2018, 441 occurrences are people residing in Santa Maria. Five are residents of the districts and seven cases are patients residing in neighboring counties. In a bulletin published on May 25, 2018, 1,116 cases were reported to state epidemiological surveillance by the end of May. Of these, 766 cases were still suspected (fever, headache and/or myalgia accompanied by lymphadenopathy, weakness, arthralgia, or change in vision. In the other 460 cases, there was laboratory confirmation of acute toxoplasmosis, of which 35 were pregnant, with two fetal deaths (36 and 28 weeks), and two abortions. There are also 212 cases still pending laboratory confirmation.Discussion:The results of this research show that the current outbreak of toxoplasmosis in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, is the largest reported in Brazil and appears to be the largest in the world. The notification to authorities by physicians was very important for the identification of this outbreak.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the dental caries in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e32810111226
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Marília Cunha Maroneze ◽  
Maísa Casarin ◽  
Patrícia Pasquali Dotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Objective: To assess factors associated with the average number of dental caries in pregnant women. Method: Basic research design: This cross-sectional study was performed between January 2017 and December 2018 in Santa Maria, Brazil. Clinical setting and participants: Multistage random sampling resulted in the recruitment of 256 pregnant women from public health centers across the city. Clinical exams and semi-structured questionnaires including demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral questions were performed by trained interviewers. Main outcome measure: The experience of dental caries was evaluated through the mean value of the Decay, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) by 4 trained and calibrated examiners. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the influence of different variables on the average number of dental caries. Rate ratio (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated (CI 95%). Results: The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 62.7% in the sample, while the mean DMFS index was 10.27 (± 10.92). Women who smoked during pregnancy had a higher mean DMFS (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25-1.57). Furthermore, pregnant women who had poor self-ratings of oral health had a higher average DMFS (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.32). Conclusions: The results showed that older age, ethnicity, fewer years in education and the presence of dental plaque resulted in higher means of DMFS.

scholarly journals 1671. Impact of Zika Syndrome on Brazilian Infant Mortality Rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S611-S612
Author(s):  
Nilson Nogueira Mendes Neto ◽  
Jessika T da S. Maia ◽  
Marcelo Zacarkim ◽  
Igor T Queiroz ◽  
Gleyson Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Serological Data

Abstract Background Infant mortality in Brazil has increased for the first time in 26 years. This study aimed to define the Zika Syndrome (ZS) perinatal case fatality rate (PCF) since the 2015 Zika outbreak in a Brazilian northeast state highly impacted by the virus. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted using data obtained through the State Health Department for cases of microcephaly (MCP) and congenital abnormalities (CA) in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) from April 2015 to March 2, 2019. Perinatal period: commencing at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation until 7 days after birth. PCF was defined as the number of deaths as a fraction of the number of sick persons with the specific disease (×100). Results There were 535 reported cases of MCP and others CA notified in RN during this period: 4 in 2014, 337 in 2015, 157 in 2016, 21 in 2017, 14 in 2018, and 2 in 2019. Of these, 151 were confirmed and 135 remain under investigation. The remaining 247 cases were ruled out by normal physical exams or due to noninfectious cause of MCP. Of the total confirmed cases, 35.8% (54/151) died after birth or during pregnancy. Zika virus infection during pregnancy was confirmed in 55.5% (30/54) of deaths and 1.8% (01/54) had a positive TORCH blood test. The odds ratio for the Zika PCF was found to be 1.57 (95% CI: 0.7940–3.1398; P = 0.1928). Deaths related to Zika were confirmed using a combination of clinical and epidemiological findings paired with either radiological information or molecular/serological data (RT–PCR and/or IgM/IgG antibodies against Zika). Twelve cases remain under investigation and 7 were ruled out as MCP. The highest number of confirmed MCP cases occurred between August 2015 and February 2016. The prevalence increased in September, with a peak in November 2015 (20.1 cases per 1,000 live births). Conclusion Before the recent Brazilian Zika outbreak, the incidence of MCP in RN between 2010 and 2014 was 1.8 cases/year. The real incidence and prevalence might be higher due to the underreporting and lack of resources for confirmatory diagnostic tests (laboratory and imaging). This study indicates that Zika virus accounted for a substantial proportion of MCP cases seen during the years studied, and suggests that ZS contributed to an increase in infant mortality in Brazil. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of leprosy cases in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silva Gauy ◽  
Paula Hino ◽  
Claudia Benedita dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Compulsory Notification ◽  
Program Version

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the spatial distribution of leprosy cases in Ribeirão Preto in 2004. The data collection was performed through compulsory notification records in the Epidemiological Surveillance Service of the Municipal Secretary of Health of Ribeirão Preto. The data were geo-coded through the MapInfo program version 7.8 in order to obtain the thematic map. From the 37 cases found, 62% were automatically coded, which revealed good compatibility between the database and the information in the cartographic base. The remaining 38% of the cases were geo-coded interactively. The thematic map analysis and the geo-referenced cases revealed a concentration of cases in the Northern region of the city, traditionally characterized by poor neighborhoods.

scholarly journals SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRICIÚMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-248
Author(s):  
Luana Rosso ◽  
Mariá Vaz Franco Martins ◽  
Maria Tereza Soratto ◽  
Ivanir Prá da Silva Thomé ◽  
Rozilda Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

A sífilis é uma doença infecciosa sistêmica de evolução crônica e muitas vezes assintomática, transmitida principalmente por via sexual e vertical. O estudo em questão trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo de natureza quantitativa e documental, a coleta de dados se deu no Programa de Atenção Municipal as DST/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA) do município de Criciúma, através de pesquisa documental com base nos dados da Vigilância Epidemiológico do SINAN com o objetivo de investigar os casos de sífilis congênita no município. Através da pesquisa pode-se perceber que entre os anos de 2015 e 2016 constatou 3,7% do total de casos pesquisados chegaram a óbito, dos RN nascidos com sífilis 51,9% foram assintomáticos e 3,8% sintomáticos, os demais não apresentaram características. Do total de gestantes, 66,6% realizou pré-natal e foram diagnosticadas a partir do mesmo, possibilitando o tratamento. Para que haja uma menor prevalência de casos de sífilis é necessário que os profissionais da saúde adotem, além das políticas públicas já disponíveis outros hábitos que levem ao alcance de todas as classes de gestantes, para evitar mais casos de sífilis.Palavras-chave: Gestantes. Sífilis Congênita. Recém-Nascidos. Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE IN THE CITY OF CRICIÚMA ABSTRACT: Syphilis is a systemic infectious disease of chronic evolution and often asymptomatic, transmitted mainly through sexual and vertical. The study in question it is a cross-sectional study, retrospective, descriptive quantitative and documentary nature, data collection took place in the Attention the Municipal STD/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA) of the city of Criciúma, through documentary research based on Epidemiological Surveillance data from SINAN aiming to investigate the cases of congenital syphilis in the municipality. Through research you can notice that between the years 2015 and 2016 found 3.7% of total cases surveyed came to death, the RN born with syphilis 51.9% 3.8% were asymptomatic and symptomatic, the others did not show characteristics. Of the total of 66.6% pregnant women, prenatal and conducted were diagnosed from the same, allowing the treatment. So there is a lower prevalence of syphilis cases is necessary that health professionals adopt, in addition to the already available public policies other habits that lead to reach of all classes of pregnant women, to prevent more cases of syphilis.Keywords: Pregnant women. Congenital Syphilis. Newborns. Sexually Transmitted Infections.

scholarly journals Acquired Syphilis: epidemiological profile of cases in state of Pará from 2017 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Bianca Sousa de Almeida Neves ◽  
Mariana Bastos Amanajás ◽  
Carla Andréa Avelar Pires
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: To quantify patients diagnosed with acquired syphilis and the prevalence of the disease in the state of Pará, Brazil, from January 2017 to June 2019, in addition to characterizing the demographic aspects of patients included in the sample. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted by reviewing the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System made available by the State Health Department of Pará, of reported cases of acquired syphilis, in the defined period. This study included patients of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, who had acquired syphilis and were notified. Results: 5,620 cases of acquired syphilis were reported, of which the majority were male (n = 3,229; 57.45%), mixed race (n = 4,058; 72.2%), low education (n = 2,250; 40%) and in the young adult range (18–30 years; n = 2,514; 44.74%). The highest concentration of cases was observed in the metropolitan mesoregion of Belém and the Lower Amazon. Conclusions: Acquired syphilis is still prevalent and is characterized as a public health problem. Epidemiological surveillance needs to be constant, and more efficient public policies need to be employed in primary care to reduce the number of cases and make early diagnoses with appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Low Coverage of Exclusive Breast Feeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Reni Mareta ◽  
Robiul Fitri Masyitoh
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
The City ◽  
Living Creature ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Food Consumed

Food is a major factor supporting growth and development for every living creature. The quantity and composition of the food consumed is tailored to the needs of each individual. Babies have different food compositions. According to WHO the best food for babies is given breast milk as soon as the baby is born until the first 6 months and continued until the age of 2 years. This condition can not be achieved if coverage of ASI in each region is still less. One of the areas whose exclusive coverage is still low is Magelang City. Data from the health profile of the Magelang City Health Office in 2008 mentioned that in Magelang city there was a percentage of infants who got an exclusive ation of 0.32 percent. Looking at the phenomenon, researchers are interested to know the factors causing the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Magelang. This research is located in the working area of North Magelang Health Center. The model of this research is by observational analytic with cross sectional study design design with quantitative approach. Selection of sample by purposive sampling method with 30 sample people. This study uses questionnaires that we will share to samples that have children maximum 2 years old. The questionnaire contains questions about breastfeeding. From the results of the questionnaire will then be analyzed to determine the factors causing the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Magelang. The results of this study indicate there are several factors that affect the exclusive ation: among others: maternal age, level of education and mother's work. It is expected that the results of this study could be as input for the relevant agencies in this case is the Health Department to make appropriate policies to increase exclusive ASI coverage.

scholarly journals Aging and vulnerability: an analysis of 1,062 elderly persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubia Rosalinn da Cruz ◽  
Vilma Beltrame ◽  
Fabiana Meneghetti Dallacosta
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The City

Abstract Objective: To analyze the vulnerability of non-institutionalized elderly persons. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out using data of the City Health Department of Palmas, Paraná, Brazil, and the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) instrument. The questionnaires of people aged over 60 years who had answered the VES-13 questionnaire between January 2016 and December 2017 were included. The quantitative data were analyzed by the Student’s T-Test and the categorical data by the Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact Test. The correlation between the quantitative variables was performed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 1,062 questionnaires were analyzed, of which 57.3% were female, with a mean age 69 (±7.8) years. In total 427 individuals (40.2%) were vulnerable and 635 (59.8%) were not vulnerable according to VES-13 score. A total of 635 (59.8%) elderly persons were classified as robust, 176 (16.6%) as at risk of frailty and 251 (23.6%) as frail. Women and those over 75 years were more vulnerable (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vulnerability was related to the female sex, age over 75 years and the presence of chronic diseases, with these being the priority groups for the elaboration of intervention strategies in the health of the elderly.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Três Lagoas - MS, Brazil in the period of 2007-2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e72101623258
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bruna de Almeida Carvalho ◽  
João Victor Camargo Caldeira ◽  
Mirian Daiane de Oliveira ◽  
Juliano Yasuo Oda ◽  
Alex Martins Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The City

This retrospective observational cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in Três Lagoas registered between January 2007 and August 2021, through data processed by the Epidemiological Surveillance Service based on the notification of the National System of Diseases and Notifications. In this period, 231 cases were confirmed, being 137 male (59.3%) and 94 female (40.7%). Was observed a higher prevalence of cases between ages 0-4 years (30.8%), 20-39 (22.5%) and 40-59 (19.9%). Also was observed a higher percentage of infected Caucasian individuals (45.4%) and individuals with low education: elementary school II (22.1%). The most prevalent clinical manifestations were fever (85.3%), splenomegaly (76.6%), weakness (67.1%), weight loss (65.8%) and hepatomegaly (62.8%). It was found that 80.1% of patients received pharmacological treatment, mainly using pentavalent antimonials (56.7%), and that 26 patients (11.3%) died during the period due to complications caused by VL. The spatial analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of VL cases in the city's urban perimeter without predominant regions. Finally, it was observed that the incidence and mortality by VL has been decreasing in recent years, however maintaining high rates of lethality and transmissibility, placing the municipality in the third with the highest transmission rate in the state. In view of these aspects, we conclude that VL is still a serious public health problem in the city and that despite the slight drop in incidence and mortality rates, it still presents values higher than the national average and high dissemination of the disease in the urban area.

scholarly journals Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel S Woo ◽  
Jakob Malsy ◽  
Jana Pöttgen ◽  
Susan Seddiq Zai ◽  
Friederike Ufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications ◽  
Moderate Disease

Abstract Neuropsychiatric complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) are increasingly appreciated. While most studies have focussed on severely affected individuals during acute infection, it remains unclear whether mild COVID-19 results in neurocognitive deficits in young patients. Here, we established a screening approach to detect cognitive deficiencies in post-COVID-19 patients. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 18 mostly young patients 20–105 days (median, 85 days) after recovery from mild to moderate disease who visited our outpatient clinic for post-COVID-19 care. Notably, 14 (78%) patients reported sustained mild cognitive deficits and performed worse in the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status screening test for mild cognitive impairment compared to 10 age-matched healthy controls. While short-term memory, attention and concentration were particularly affected by COVID-19, screening results did not correlate with hospitalization, treatment, viremia or acute inflammation. Additionally, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores did not correlate with depressed mood or fatigue. In two severely affected patients, we excluded structural or other inflammatory causes by magnetic resonance imaging, serum and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Together, our results demonstrate that sustained sub-clinical cognitive impairments might be a common complication after recovery from COVID-19 in young adults, regardless of clinical course that were unmasked by our diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals 33. Concerning Trends of Pediatric Leprosy in Minas Gerais, Brazil and Associations with Number of Municipality Medical Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
Taylor Landay ◽  
Julie A Clennon ◽  
José A Ferreira ◽  
Lucia A Fraga ◽  
Maria Aparecida F Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Leprosy in children under 15 years of age, and in particular, the presence of leprosy grade 2 disability (G2D) in children, signifies ongoing transmission and the need for improved surveillance. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of pediatric leprosy in Minas Gerais, Brazil and to explore associations with access to medical facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (SINAN) from 2002–2017. Incident cases were included if they resided in a municipality with both adult and pediatric cases. Municipalities were divided by the number of medical facilities per municipality: &lt; 5, 5–17, and 18 or higher. Analyses compared pediatric cases across two time periods (2002–2009 and 2010–2017) and number of medical facilities / municipality using chi-square, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results A total of 27,725 cases were reported with 1,611 under 15 years of age. Overall incidence declined from 34.8 per 100,000 to 13.6 per 100,000 during the study period with pediatric incidence declining from 2.6 per 100,000 to 0.8 per 100,000. Time period 2 (TP2) showed an increase in the proportion of pediatric G2D (2.58% vs 1.91%, p &lt; 0.0001) when compared to time period 1 (TP1). Mean age of diagnosis in children was younger in TP2 then in TP1 (10.06 vs 10.43, p=0.02). In 2017, the pediatric incidence in municipalities with the fewest medical facilities was 0.95 per 100,000 compared to 0.23 per 100,000 in municipalities with &gt; 5 facilities (p=0.009). There was significantly higher odds of disability at diagnosis (grades 1 and 2) in pediatric cases residing in municipalities with &lt; 5 medical facilities (aOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.37–2.59), adjusted for age and sex. See map (Fig 1). Figure 1. Cases of Pediatric Disability By Number of Municipality Medical Facilities from 2002–2017 (White areas without reported pediatric leprosy) Conclusion The increasing proportion of G2D in children in the second half of the study period despite declining incidence suggest occult infections among children and adults alike in Minas Gerais. Furthermore, the average age of diagnosis in children should increase, not decrease, if M. leprae transmission was truly declining. Lastly, the association between fewer municipality health facilities and increased disability suggest barriers to timely diagnosis and a critical area of focus for research into access to healthcare and leprosy risk. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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