scholarly journals Every Crisis Is an Opportunity

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Impact Phase

In the same way that a war mobilizes the creative energies of a nation and often leads to major advances in science, technology, and medicine, the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon provided a powerful impetus to advance the traumatic stress field. Stung by our inability to provide policymakers with recommendations on evidence-based, early interventions for survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks, we have been forced to confront the major gaps in our current knowledge.These gaps are myriad and include our limited understanding of the natural longitudinal course of psychological consequences from the immediate post-impact phase to months and years later. They also include our inadequate scientific understanding of the psychological and psychobiological mechanisms underlying acute and long-term reactions to traumatic events and sparse empirical literature on which to base decisions concerning best practices for interventions. Questions of vulnerability and resilience have taken on a new urgency as we struggle to determine when to respect natural recovery processes and when to provide a formal intervention. With the recognition that there is little empirical justification for psychological debriefing as a one-stop early intervention panacea for the population-at-large has come intensification of efforts to develop and test a variety of novel early interventions that may be suitable for adults and children during the acute aftermath of catastrophic events.

scholarly journals Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4790
Author(s):  
Marcia P. Jimenez ◽  
Nicole V. DeVille ◽  
Elise G. Elliott ◽  
Jessica E. Schiff ◽  
Grete E. Wilt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects

There is extensive empirical literature on the association between exposure to nature and health. In this narrative review, we discuss the strength of evidence from recent (i.e., the last decade) experimental and observational studies on nature exposure and health, highlighting research on children and youth where possible. We found evidence for associations between nature exposure and improved cognitive function, brain activity, blood pressure, mental health, physical activity, and sleep. Results from experimental studies provide evidence of protective effects of exposure to natural environments on mental health outcomes and cognitive function. Cross-sectional observational studies provide evidence of positive associations between nature exposure and increased levels of physical activity and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, and longitudinal observational studies are beginning to assess long-term effects of nature exposure on depression, anxiety, cognitive function, and chronic disease. Limitations of current knowledge include inconsistent measures of exposure to nature, the impacts of the type and quality of green space, and health effects of duration and frequency of exposure. Future directions include incorporation of more rigorous study designs, investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the association between green space and health, advancement of exposure assessment, and evaluation of sensitive periods in the early life-course.

Psychological consequences of pediatric burns from a child and family perspective: A review of the empirical literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bakker ◽  
Koen J.P. Maertens ◽  
Maarten J.M. Van Son ◽  
Nancy E.E. Van Loey
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Family Perspective ◽  
Pediatric Burns

Characterizing Hospital Admissions to a Tertiary Care Hospital After Typhoon Haiyan

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Chang ◽  
Daren J. Simkin ◽  
Maria Lourdes de Lara ◽  
Thomas D. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Impact Phase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveOn November 8, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) made landfall in the Philippines. The literature characterizing the medical, surgical, and obstetrics burden following typhoons is lacking. This study aimed to improve disaster preparedness by analyzing medical diagnoses presenting to a city district hospital before, during, and after Typhoon Haiyan.MethodsThe assessment of disease burden and trends was based on logbooks from a local hospital and a nongovernmental organization field hospital for the medicine, surgical, and obstetrics wards before, during, and after the typhoon.ResultsThe hospital provided no services several days after typhoon impact, but there was an overall increase in patient admissions once the hospital reopened. An increase in gastroenteritis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and motor vehicle collision-related injuries was seen during the impact phase. A dengue fever outbreak occurred during the post-impact phase. There was a noticeable shift in a greater percentage of emergent surgical cases performed versus elective cases during the impact and post-impact phases.ConclusionOverall, several public health measures can prevent the increase in illnesses seen after a disaster. To prepare for the nonfatal burden of disease after a typhoon, health care facilities should increase their resources to accommodate the surge in patient volume. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:240–247)

Toward evidence-based early interventions for acutely traumatized adults and children

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Friedman ◽  
Edna B Foa ◽  
Dennis S Charney
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Adults And Children

scholarly journals Subclinical markers of cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ja. G. Samoilova ◽  
I. N. Vorozhtsova ◽  
O. A. Oleynik ◽  
N. M. Diraeva ◽  
N. S. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
System Diagnosis ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Significant Spread

The significant spread of obesity among adults and children represents a relevant problem for the modern health care system. Diagnosis and correction of the earliest signs of cardiometabolic disorders in children with obesity are necessary since their monitoring and modification allow to influence the development and prognosis of cardiovascular pathology in the future. This article highlights the current knowledge on the markers of cardiovascular risks such as dyslipidemia, the level of trimethylamine N-oxide, the state of epicardial adipose tissue, and the initial signs of myocardial remodeling.

Affect and Clinical Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Heyhoe ◽  
Rebecca Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
The Individual

In the chapter “Affect and Clinical Decision-Making,” theoretical and empirical literature from within and outside healthcare are drawn on to understand the role of affect in clinical decision-making at the individual and team level. Theories of individual decision-making are summarized and psychological models of decision-making and current knowledge of thought processes are presented to explain the role of affect in judgment and behavior in healthcare settings. Three types of affect: anticipatory affect, incidental affect, and anticipated affect are discussed in detail and used to illustrate how affective states may play a role in different clinical contexts and settings. Gaps in the existing evidence base are identified, and suggestions are made for interventions that might support health professionals to make better decisions.

scholarly journals Visuomotor Behaviour in Amblyopia: Deficits and Compensatory Adaptations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo ◽  
Linda Colpa ◽  
Agnes M. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visuomotor Behaviour ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder arising from decorrelated binocular experience during the critical periods of development. The hallmark of amblyopia is reduced visual acuity and impairment in binocular vision. The consequences of amblyopia on various sensory and perceptual functions have been studied extensively over the past 50 years. Historically, relatively fewer studies examined the impact of amblyopia on visuomotor behaviours; however, research in this area has flourished over the past 10 years. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge about the effects of amblyopia on eye movements, upper limb reaching and grasping movements, as well as balance and gait. Accumulating evidence indicates that amblyopia is associated with considerable deficits in visuomotor behaviour during amblyopic eye viewing, as well as adaptations in behaviour during binocular and fellow eye viewing in adults and children. Importantly, due to amblyopia heterogeneity, visuomotor development in children and motor skill performance in adults may be significantly influenced by the etiology and clinical features, such as visual acuity and stereoacuity. Studies with larger cohorts of children and adults are needed to disentangle the unique contribution of these clinical characteristics to the development and performance of visuomotor behaviours.

Lower Federal Court Judicial Confirmation Fights: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature and Future Research Directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Salmon A. Shomade ◽  
Roger E. Hartley ◽  
Lisa M. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractUnlike the massive literature about US Supreme Court confirmation battles, little has been written about lower federal court confirmation fights. However, in the past 20 years much has been written about the lower federal court confirmation process. Here, we take stock of the political science literature in this area and highlight where scholarly interest appears to be going. Believing a contemporary assessment of the state of the field should be of interest and use to scholars of American politics, we dissect the recent empirical literature and offer suggestions for future research. Most importantly, we offer a one-stop shop for recent literature for scholars interested in this topic.

scholarly journals Can the Treatment of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Induce Normal-Tension Glaucoma? A Narrative Review of a Current Knowledge

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Yasin Hamarat ◽  
Laimonas Bartusis ◽  
Mantas Deimantavicius ◽  
Paulius Lucinskas ◽  
Lina Siaudvytyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Keywords Hydrocephalus

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the most commonly used treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). It has been hypothesized that normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is caused by the treatment of NPH by using the shunt to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this study is to review the literature published regarding this hypothesis and to emphasize the need for neuro-ophthalmic follow-up for the concerned patients. The source literature was selected from the results of an online PubMed search, using the keywords “hydrocephalus glaucoma” and “normal-tension glaucoma shunt”. One prospective study on adults, one prospective study on children, two retrospective studies on adults and children, two case reports, three review papers including medical hypotheses, and one prospective study on monkeys were identified. Hypothesis about the association between the treatment of NPH using the shunt to reduce ICP and the development of NTG were supported in all reviewed papers. This suggests that a safe lower limit of ICP for neurological patients, especially shunt-treated NPH patients, should be kept. Thus, we proposed to modify the paradigm of safe upper ICP threshold recommended in neurosurgery and neurology into the paradigm of safe ICP corridor applicable in neurology and ophthalmology, especially for shunt-treated hydrocephalic and glaucoma patients.

scholarly journals A Study Of HRMs Response To The Events Of 9/11

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Browne ◽  
Stuart H. Warnock ◽  
Nancy J. Boykin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Business As Usual

The 9/11 terrorist attacks leveled the twin towers of New Yorks World Trade Center, caused serious damage to the Pentagon, and disrupted the national economy. The response by corporate organiza-tions, hardest hit by the events of 9/11, has turned the familiar phrase business as usual into an anachronism. Effective human resource management (HRM) practices are critical for any organization to appropriately respond and recover from catastrophic events, such as those of 9/11. In the aftermath of 9/11, corporate organizations have recognized the need to change many of their HRM practices. Possible explanations for recent changes in HRM practices are twofold: 1) as precautionary measures intended to avert man-made disasters, and 2) to enhance the organizations capability to immediately and effectively respond should a disaster strike. Irrespective of the reasons organizations are changing their HRM practices, they are placing more importance than ever on the need to optimally utilize and safeguard their most valued asset employees. Exploratory research on the initial responses by corporate organizations to the events of 9/11 reveals: 1) that many did not have disaster plans in place, and 2) that an even larger number were poorly prepared to deal with the disasters immediate impact on employees, particularly the negative psychological consequences engendered by such a disaster. This exploratory paper culminates in a proposed HRM Practices Disaster Recovery Diagnostic Tool. This tool would allow an organization to assess the adequacy of their HRM practices in responding to man-made disasters.

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