scholarly journals Subclinical markers of cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ja. G. Samoilova ◽  
I. N. Vorozhtsova ◽  
O. A. Oleynik ◽  
N. M. Diraeva ◽  
N. S. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
System Diagnosis ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Significant Spread

The significant spread of obesity among adults and children represents a relevant problem for the modern health care system. Diagnosis and correction of the earliest signs of cardiometabolic disorders in children with obesity are necessary since their monitoring and modification allow to influence the development and prognosis of cardiovascular pathology in the future. This article highlights the current knowledge on the markers of cardiovascular risks such as dyslipidemia, the level of trimethylamine N-oxide, the state of epicardial adipose tissue, and the initial signs of myocardial remodeling.

Cardiovascular risks in patients with psoriasis (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
A. A. Hotko ◽  
N. S. Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Lipoprotein Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The article is of an overview nature and contains up-to-date information on comorbid cardiovascular pathology in psoriasis. Various studies have shown that psoriasis is associated with a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between the severity of psoriasis and the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as the prognostic risks with mortality rates, are discussed. Proposed common pathogenetic mechanisms include genetic factors, inflammatory pathways, adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, lipoprotein composition and function, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and hypercoagulability.

scholarly journals VARIANTS OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
T. Chaychenko ◽  
M. Kharkova ◽  
O. Rybka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
National Cholesterol Education Program ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Adults And Children

Obesity in adults and children is characterized by epidemiological prevalence with a tendency to increase. Purpose of the study- to analyze the lipid profile in overweight children, depending on the presence of insulin resistance. 247 overweight and obese children aged 2 to 18 were examined, including 160 boys and 87 girls. Obesity was diagnosed if the BMI exceeded 97 percentile, according to gender and age. Assessment of the lipid profile included measurements of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. To evaluate the parameters of the lipid profile, we used the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) according to the latest edition (2006). We analyzed lipid values depending on the presence or absence of insulin resistance. BMI was also evaluated according to Z-BMI. Insulin resistance was detected in 69.9% of children. Hyperlipidemia was detected in 24.9% of children and dyslipidemia in 83% of the children examined. A change was found in all indicators of the lipid profile, depending on the presence of insulin resistance. A significant increase in Z-BMI was revealed depending on the presence of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Most overweight children have insulin resistance and dyslipidemia; the type of dyslipidemia in children with obesity directly depends on the presence of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Every Crisis Is an Opportunity

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Impact Phase

In the same way that a war mobilizes the creative energies of a nation and often leads to major advances in science, technology, and medicine, the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon provided a powerful impetus to advance the traumatic stress field. Stung by our inability to provide policymakers with recommendations on evidence-based, early interventions for survivors of the September 11, 2001, attacks, we have been forced to confront the major gaps in our current knowledge.These gaps are myriad and include our limited understanding of the natural longitudinal course of psychological consequences from the immediate post-impact phase to months and years later. They also include our inadequate scientific understanding of the psychological and psychobiological mechanisms underlying acute and long-term reactions to traumatic events and sparse empirical literature on which to base decisions concerning best practices for interventions. Questions of vulnerability and resilience have taken on a new urgency as we struggle to determine when to respect natural recovery processes and when to provide a formal intervention. With the recognition that there is little empirical justification for psychological debriefing as a one-stop early intervention panacea for the population-at-large has come intensification of efforts to develop and test a variety of novel early interventions that may be suitable for adults and children during the acute aftermath of catastrophic events.

scholarly journals Effects of Obesity and Asthma on Lung Function and Airway Dysanapsis in Adults and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3762
Author(s):  
Ebymar Arismendi ◽  
Marina Bantulà ◽  
Miguel Perpiñá ◽  
César Picado
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Adults And Children

Obesity increases the risk of developing asthma in children and adults. Obesity is associated with different effects on lung function in children and adults. In adults, obesity has been associated with reduced lung function resulting from a relatively small effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), with the FEV1/FVC ratio remaining unchanged or mildly increased (restrictive pattern). In contrast, in children, obesity is associated with normal or higher FEV1 and FVC but a lower FEV1/FVC ratio (obstructive pattern). This anomaly has recently been associated with a phenomenon known as dysanapsis which results from a disproportionate growth between lung parenchyma size and airway calibre. The mechanisms that promote disproportionate lung parenchyma growth compared with airways in obese children remain to be elucidated. Obesity and dysanapsis in asthma patients might contribute to asthma morbidity by increasing airway obstruction, airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Obesity and dysanapsis in asthma patients are associated with increased medication use, more emergency department visits, hospitalizations and systemic corticosteroid burst than patients with normal weight. Dysanapsis may explain the reduced response to asthma medications in obese children. Weight loss results in a significant improvement in lung function, airway reactivity and asthma control. Whether these improvements are associated with the changes in the dysanaptic alteration is as yet unclear.

scholarly journals Epicardial Fat: Physiological, Pathological, and Therapeutic Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Eliana Luzardo ◽  
José Carlos Mejías ◽  
Joselyn Rojas ◽  
Antonio Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Coronary Wall

Epicardial fat is closely related to blood supply vessels, both anatomically and functionally, which is why any change in this adipose tissue’s behavior is considered a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. When proinflammatory adipokines are released from the epicardial fat, this can lead to a decrease in insulin sensitivity, low adiponectin production, and an increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These adipokines move from one compartment to another by either transcellular passing or diffusion, thus having the ability to regulate cardiac muscle activity, a phenomenon called vasocrine regulation. The participation of these adipokines generates a state of persistent vasoconstriction, increased stiffness, and weakening of the coronary wall, consequently contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, epicardial adipose tissue thickening should be considered a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular pathology and a molecular point of contact for “endocrine-cardiology.”

The relationship between adenovirus-36 seropositivity, obesity and metabolic profile in Turkish children and adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (16) ◽  
pp. 3550-3556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KARAMESE ◽  
U. ALTOPARLAK ◽  
A. TURGUT ◽  
S. AYDOGDU ◽  
S. AKSAK KARAMESE
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Adenovirus 36 ◽  
Necrosis Factor

SUMMARYObesity potentially arising from viral infection is known as ‘infectobesity’. The latest reports suggest that adenovirus-36 (Adv36) is related to obesity in adults and children. Our aim was not only to determine the Adv36 seropositivity in both obese and non-obese children and adults, but also to investigate correlations between antibody positivity and serum lipid profiles. Both Adv36 positivity and tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha, leptin and interleukin-6 levels were detected in blood samples collected from 146 children and 130 adults by ELISA. Fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were also measured. Adv36 positivity was determined to be 27·1% and 6% in obese and non-obese children and 17·5% and 4% in obese and non-obese adults, respectively. There was no difference with regard to total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels (P> 0·05). However, there was a significant difference between groups in terms of leptin levels (P< 0·05). We determined the prevalence of Adv36 positivity in obese children and adults. Our results showed that Adv36 may be an obesity agent for both adults and children, parallel with current literature data. However, the available data on a possible relationship between Adv36 infection and obesity both in children and adults do not completely solve the problem.

Vitamin D levels, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risks in very young obese children

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Creo ◽  
Joshua S. Rosen ◽  
Adolfo J. Ariza ◽  
Katherine M. Hidaka ◽  
Helen J. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Vitamin D Levels
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