Essentialism and the Expression of Social Stereotypes: A Comparative Study of Spain, Brasil and England

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Emanoel Pereira ◽  
José Luis Álvaro Estramiana ◽  
Inge Schweiger Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few years, one of the most productive directions in the study of the activation and application of stereotypes has been provided by the essentialist concept of categorization. The research presented here studied the impact of two dimensions of essentialist beliefs - naturalism and entitativity-by using data collected from Brazil, Spain and England. The aim was to test whether there was a greater degree of essentialization among the naturalizable categories (sex, age and race) than among the entitative categories (economic condition, religion, political orientation, nationality and social condition). The results not only showed that participants hold more essentialist beliefs with regard to naturalistic categories but also showed the differences in the degree of essentialization across the three cultures. A discussion is conducted on the implications of the present findings, and on the heuristic value of the theoretical model (of the bidimensional nature of essentialism) adopted by this research.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Gender and Race on Earnings in the Library Science Labor Market

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Sweeper ◽  
Steven A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
National Survey ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this paper examines earnings in the library science labor market and assesses the impact of gender on the income attainment process. We use this cross-sectional dataset to determine if there are significant income differences between male and female library science professionals. The approach taken in this paper is to build a theoretical model of income attainment for librarians. We then discuss the methodology used to analyze the data and test the model, followed by a discussion of the results and recommendations for further research.

Suicidal ideation and time perspective in high school students

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Laghi ◽  
Roberto Baiocco ◽  
Maria D’Alessio ◽  
Grazia Gurrieri
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have enlightened the relevance of deepening our knowledge of suicidal ideation among adolescents. However, research has given insufficient attention to the impact of time perspective on suicidal ideation: the present study confirms this relationship in a large sample of adolescents.MethodA survey was conducted on a sample of 3700 Italian adolescents. We obtained data using a structured questionnaire addressing suicidal ideation, mental health status, self-esteem, individual and family characteristics, and time perspective (ZTPI) in three temporal frames: the past, present and future, and the attitude related to each one of them. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall, 9.2% of the sample reported severe suicidal ideation during the past two weeks; 7.6% reported moderate suicidal ideation. Female adolescents were more likely to report severe suicidal ideation when compared to males (χ(2)2 = 13.38, P = .001). There were no differences regarding age (χ(1)2 = 2.81, P = .245) and SES (χ(2)2 = 8.67, P = .08).The first discriminant function was mostly explained by psychopathological symptoms (General Global Index), self-esteem and two dimensions of the ZTPI (Negative Past and Fatalistic Present).ConclusionsDifferences in time perspective dimensions between moderate and severe ideators suggest that these groups should be considered and analyzed as two discrete groups in further research.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet Use on Mental Health among Elderly Individuals: A Difference-in-Differences Study Based on 2016–2018 CFPS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Huiyu Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The number of elderly Internet users has increased significantly in the past few years. However, the impact of Internet use on mental health remains unclear. In this study, we performed a difference-in-differences analysis using data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to evaluate the impact of Internet usage on mental health among elderly individuals. A total of 5031 validated respondents were included to explore the relationship between Internet use and reduced levels of depression as well as improved life satisfaction among elderly individuals. The results showed that Internet use significantly reduced depression levels. Unexpectedly, Internet use was not found to improve life satisfaction. Moreover, discontinuing Internet use was not significantly associated with improvements in depression or life satisfaction. More research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between Internet use and depression levels, as well as life satisfaction among elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Changes of vegetation and its forces driving in the Aral Sea Basin of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Xiangye Zhang ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Global change brings great uncertainty to the fragile ecological environment of arid area. In order to understand the driving role of climatic factors and socio-economic activity on changes, the distribution and change of vegetation in the Aral Sea basin were examined using data from remote sensing, population data sets from 2000 to 2015, transfer matrix, and the centre of gravity model. The salient results of the analysis were as follows. (1) Although the index increased slightly in the past 20 years overall, it fluctuated greatly over that time. From 2000 to 2015, the NDVI decreased in approximately 62% of the area; increased in 24%; and remained unchanged in 14%. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the geographic centre of the area under forest land to the northeast, marking the advancement of urbanization upstream. The geographic centre of grassland moved to the west. (3) The overall impact of precipitation on vegetation was greater than that of temperature. Areas showing a strong correlation were mostly concentrated in forest land; the impact of precipitation on grasslands was weak. (4) The distribution of vegetation was adversely affected by the increase in population and in GDP. The present study is of particular significance to the restoration and reconstruction of the Aral Sea basin ecosystem.

scholarly journals Are coupled file changes suggestions useful?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Ramadani ◽  
Stefan Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
New Members ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Project Documentation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Issue Tracking System ◽  
Important Activity

Background. Software maintenance is an important activity in the process of software engineering where over time maintenance team members leave and new members join. The identification of files being changes together frequently has been proposed several times. Yet, existing studies about these file changes ignore the feedback from developers as well as the impact on the performance of maintenance and rely on the analysis findings and expert evaluation. Methods. We conducted an experiment with the goal to investigate the usefulness of coupled file changes during maintenance tasks when developers are inexperienced in programming or when they are new on the project. Using data mining on software repositories we can identify files that changed most frequently together in the past. We extract coupled file changes from the Git repository of a Java software system and join them with corresponding attributes from the versioning and issue tracking system and the project documentation. We present a controlled experiment involving 36 student participants where we investigate if coupled file change suggestions influence the correctness of the task solutions and the time to complete them. Results. The results show that coupled file change suggestions significantly increase the correctness of the solutions. However, there is only a small effect on the time to complete the tasks. We also derived a set of the most useful attributes based on the developers feedback. Discussion. Coupled file changes and a limited number of the proposed attributes are useful for inexperienced developers working on maintenance tasks whereby although the developers using these suggestions solved more tasks, they still need time to organize and understand and implement this information.

scholarly journals The impact of experiences of ageism on sexual activity and interest in later life

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY HEYWOOD ◽  
VICTOR MINICHIELLO ◽  
ANTHONY LYONS ◽  
BIANCA FILEBORN ◽  
RAFAT HUSSAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTExperiences of ageism are associated with poorer health outcomes. Sexual activity and interest are areas in life where the impact of ageism may also be evident as popular culture often depicts the older body as asexual, undesirable or sexually impotent. We explore the possible links between experiences of ageism and sexual activity/interest in later life using data from a study of Australians aged 60+. We explored characteristics of those who were more likely to have experienced ageism (measured using the Ageism Survey) and the relationships between experiences of ageism and measures of sexual interest/activity in later life (N = 1,817). Experiences of ageism were greater among those without a partner, unemployed participants, those with lower incomes and poorer self-rated health. Adjusting for these differences, experiences of ageism were more likely to be reported by those who had not had sex in the past two years and were not sure about their hopes/plans for sex in the future. Those who reported their sexual interest had increased or decreased since 60 also reported greater levels of ageism experience, as did those who wanted to have sex more frequently in the future. Ageism appears to impact sexual activity and interest in different ways. It is critical that social policy aims to reverse attitudes that reinforce the view of the ageist asexual and unattractive older body or person.

DO KINSHIP NETWORKS CROWD OUT THE NEW RURAL PENSION PLAN IN CHINA? POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR AN AGING CHINA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1842002
Author(s):  
DONGJIE TAO ◽  
JUNPENG WANG ◽  
HONGYING CAI ◽  
KUI ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from China Family Panel Studies in 2012, this paper investigates the impact of kinship networks on participation in the New Rural Pension Plan (NRPP) in China. The theoretical model and empirical results indicate that kinship networks can provide informal social security, such as psychological security and financial transfers from relatives. Thus, people who are part of stronger kinship networks are less likely to participate in the NRPP than their counterparts. Our research facilitates an understanding of the interaction between social networks and formal institutions and provides policy implications for an aging China.

scholarly journals Youth political (dis)engagement and the need for citizenship education: Encouraging young people’s civic and political participation through the curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Pontes ◽  
Matt Henn ◽  
Mark D Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Over the past two decades, there has been a wide-ranging debate about the impact of citizenship education on young people’s political engagement and participation across Britain. Using data from a survey of 1025 young people aged 18 years at the time of the 2010 General Election, we examined the impact that studying for a formal qualification in General Certificate of Secondary Education in Citizenship Studies has on young people’s political and civic engagement. Drawing from the hypothesis that those young people who took the course would be more engaged than those who did not, results demonstrated that there are many differences between the two groups in terms of their political perspectives as well as their past and future patterns of political participation.

scholarly journals Optimize the Banker’s Multi-Stage Decision-Making and the Mechanism of Pay Contract Influencing on Bank Default Risk in the Long-Term Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Tianyi Ma ◽  
Minghui Jiang ◽  
Xuchuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, researchers have been devoted to illustrating the correlation between bankers’ pay contracts and a bank’s risk-taking behavior where corporate governance is concerned, especially throughout the past four decades and by using empirical analysis. Despite being a widespread concern, the causality of this relationship is not thoroughly understood. We initiate this research by modeling bankers’ multi-stage decisions of option investment and bond investment from the perspective of theoretical analysis, and by analyzing the function image results using data from Wells Fargo & Co. from the ExecuComp, BvD Orbis, and CRSP-COMPUSTAT databases. We aim to deeply explore the mechanism of how compensation influencing on risk. We are the first to find that it has a “risk cap”, which is the optimal risk level to maximize the return of decision-making. We are also the first to discover the optimal decision coefficient level to maximize the decision return, during which the internal causes and mechanisms of the impact of bankers’ compensation on a bank’s default risk are revealed. We also illustrate the influence of the number of periods. We expect our findings to provide advice for establishing policies when designing pay contracts.

An Integrated Model for Stadium Atmosphere and Stadium Attachment: An Empirical Test in Two Baseball Stadium Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Yoshida ◽  
Brian Gordon ◽  
Makoto Nakazawa ◽  
Naoko Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Impact

Synthesizing several streams of theoretical reasoning such as attribution theory, cue-utilization theory, and place attachment, the purposes of this study were to (1) develop a new theoretical model integrating key atmospheric stimuli and the two dimensions of stadium attachment (stadium identity and stadium dependence) into stadium atmosphere research and (2) examine the hypothesized relationships. Data were collected from spectators attending professional baseball games at theme park-like (n = 242) and traditional (n = 300) stadiums. Based on the results, the dimensions of game-, spectator-, facility-, and organizer-induced stimuli were found to have positive effects on overall stadium atmosphere in both settings. Furthermore, the impact of overall stadium atmosphere on spectators’ conative loyalty was mediated by stadium identity. The theoretical model and results highlight the importance of stadium identity that is enhanced by stadium atmosphere and consumer satisfaction and leads to greater conative loyalty toward sport teams.

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