scholarly journals Depression in multiple sclerosis: Review and theoretical proposal

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. ARNETT ◽  
FIONA H. BARWICK ◽  
JOE E. BEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

Because of its high prevalence and implications for quality of life and possibly even disease progression, depression has been intensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) over the past 25 years. Despite the publication of numerous excellent empirical research papers on this topic during that time, the publication of theoretical work that attempts to explain depression in a comprehensive way is scarce. In this study, we present a theoretical model that attempts to integrate existing work on depression in MS and provide testable hypotheses for future work. The model suggests that risk for depression begins with the onset of MS. MS results in disease-related changes such as increased lesion burden/brain atrophy and immunological anomalies that are associated with depression in MS, but explain only a relatively limited proportion of the variance. Common sequelae of MS including fatigue, physical disability, cognitive dysfunction, and pain, have all been shown to have an inconsistent or relatively weak relationship to depression in the literature. In the model, we propose that four variables—social support, coping, conceptions of the self and illness, and stress—may moderate the relationship between the above common MS sequelae with depression and help to explain inconsistencies in the literature. (JINS, 2008, 14, 691–724.)

The Relationship Between Government Popularity and Approval for the Government's Record in the United Kingdom

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hudson
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opinion Polls

The past decade has seen the growth of a considerable literature on the link between government popularity, as reflected by the proportion of the public indicating their intention to vote for the government in opinion polls, and the state of the economy, as represented by certain key variables. The work began in the early 1970s with articles by Goodhart and Bhansali, Mueller, and Kramer. It continued through the decade; some of the more recent contributions can be found in a set of readings edited by Hibbs and Fassbender. However, despite the amount and quality of this work, problems remain. Principal amongst these, as Chrystal and Alt have pointed out, is the inability to estimate a relationship which exhibits any degree of stability either over time or between researchers. Nearly all the studies have been successful in finding a significant relationship for specific time periods, but when these are extended, or when the function is used to forecast outside the original estimation period, the relationship appears to break down.

The Relationship Between a Couple's Marital Adjustment and Beliefs About Diabetes Mellitus

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Pieper ◽  
Wendla Kushion ◽  
Susan Gaida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Twenty married couples with one partner diagnosed as having diabetes at age 40 or older within the past 5 years participated in this study. Participants completed the diabetes or family version of Beliefs About Diabetes (BAD) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Results showed that perceived barriers to diet and to medication by the person with diabetes were associated with higher marital satisfaction and quality of marriage. In contrast, for the nondiabetic spouse, the perceived benefits of diet were negatively associated with the ability to work with the diabetic spouse. Additional research is needed to better understand the effect of diabetes on the marital relationship.

scholarly journals Explore changes in the aspects fundamental to the competitiveness of South Africa as a preferred tourist destination

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engelina Du Plessis ◽  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Annari Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Players ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Background: Tourism is an evolving and changing industry, and keeping up with these changes requires an understanding of the forces and changes that shape this industry’s outcomes. Tourism managers struggle daily to stay ahead in the competition to attract more tourists to destinations. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the past could shed light on the advantages of the future.Aim: The aim of this study was to do a temporal analysis of the competitiveness of South Africa as a tourism destination.Setting: This research investigated the competitive position of South Africa as a tourism destination just after the 1994 elections and compared those results to the results of a similar study in 2014.Methods: In this article, a frequency analysis revealed South Africa’s strengths and weaknesses, after which t-tests indicated the relationship between the strengths and weaknesses of the destination and the factors that contribute to South Africa’s competitiveness.Results: South Africa’s strengths include the quality of the food and experience, scenery, variety of accommodation climate and geographical features. It is clear that respondents identified different attributes that contributed to the strengths of the destination in comparison with 2002, where the strengths were wildlife, scenery, cultural diversity, climate, value for money, variety of attractions and specific icons.Conclusion: This research is valuable for South Africa because it informs tourism role players about what respondents perceive to be South Africa’s strengths. Role players can then form strategies that incorporate the strengths to create competitive advantage. This article also indicates the areas in which the country has grown in the past decade as well as indicating which weaknesses remain a problem.

Restaurant and foodservice research

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin DiPietro
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
Foodservice Industry ◽  
Future Direction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the foodservice and restaurant literature that has been published over the past 10 years in the top hospitality and tourism journals. This information will be used to identify the key trends and topics studied over the past decade, and help to identify the gaps that appear in the research to identify opportunities for advancing future research in the area of foodservice and restaurant management. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of a critical review of the extant literature that has been done in the foodservice and restaurant industries. Literature from the past 10 years will be qualitatively assessed to determine trends and gaps in the research to help guide the direction for future research. Findings The findings show that the past 10 years have seen an increase in the number of and the quality of foodservice and restaurant management research articles. The topics have been diverse and the findings have explored the changing and evolving segments of the foodservice industry, restaurant operations, service quality in foodservice, restaurant finance, foodservice marketing, food safety and healthfulness and the increased role of technology in the industry. Research limitations/implications Given the number of research papers done over the past 10 years in the area of foodservice, it is possible that some research has been missed and that some specific topics within the breadth and depth of the foodservice industry could have lacked sufficient coverage in this one paper. The implications from this paper are that it can be used to inform academics and practitioners where there is room for more research, it could provide ideas for more in-depth discussion of a specific topic and it is a detailed start into assessing the research done of late. Originality/value This paper helps foodservice researchers in determining where past research has gone and gives future direction for meaningful research to be done in the foodservice area moving forward to inform academicians and practitioners in the industry.

Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Krökki ◽  
R Bloigu ◽  
M Reunanen ◽  
AM Remes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Background: The geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) means that prevalence rates increase with latitude north or south of the equator. Temporally, a tendency for increased incidences of MS has been observed over the past two decades. Objectives: Since epidemiological studies of MS in areas close to the Arctic Circle are rare, we evaluated the incidence and prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia by means of a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1992–2007. Methods: Patients with a definite clinical diagnosis of MS based on the Poser criteria and the early McDonald criteria of 2001 were identified in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia (population 386,972) and the incidence was calculated at 1-year time intervals, both overall and by gender. Results: The overall prevalence was 103/100,000 (95% CI, 93–113), with a female/male ratio of 2.17. The mean overall incidence was 6.3/100,000 (95% CI, 5.2–7.2). The incidence shows a tendency to increase over the 16-year period due to a pronounced rise in the female incidence. Conclusions: Our results show a high prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia and a disproportional increase in the female MS incidence. These recent epidemiological features may be associated with environmental risk factors such as a vitamin D deficit, low life-long UV radiation and the high-latitude geographical location.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya G. Trenova ◽  
Georgi S. Slavov ◽  
Maria G. Manova ◽  
Jana B. Aksentieva ◽  
Lyuba D. Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Transection ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a socially significant immune-mediated disease, characterized by demyelination, axonal transection and oligodendropathy in the central nervous system. Inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration lead to brain atrophy and cognitive deficit in up to 75% of the patients. Cognitive dysfunctions impact significantly patients’ quality of life, independently from the course and phase of the disease. The relationship between pathological brain findings and cognitive impairment is a subject of intensive research. Summarizing recent data about prevalence, clinical specificity and treatment of cognitive disorders in MS, this review aims to motivate the necessity of early diagnosis and complex therapeutic approach to these disturbances in order to reduce the social burden of the disease.

The association between cognitive impairment and physical disability in multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon G Lynch ◽  
Brett A Parmenter ◽  
Douglas R Denney
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The association between cognitive impairment and physical disability was examined in a larger, more representative sample of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in previous studies. Method: Two hundred and fifty-three patients attending an MS clinic were assessed with respect to physical disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale and cognitive impairment using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: Physical disability correlated with duration of disease; cognitive impairment did not. Virtually all measures derived from the cognitive battery were significantly correlated with physical disability. Three measures of speeded information processing and one involving delayed recall of verbal material were unique predictors of disability status. The relationship between cognitive impairment and physical disability was equivalent for patients with shorter (<3 years) versus longer (>10 years) disease duration. Cognitive impairment correlated with the rate of disability progression as reflected by the progression index. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is more closely associated with physical disability than most previous studies indicate. This relationship appears to be stable throughout the duration of MS, although this conclusion is qualified by the cross-sectional design of the study. Further attention should be paid to cognitive impairment as a possible predictor of the rate of patients’ physical decline.

Induced testosterone deficiency: from clinical presentation of fatigue, erectile dysfunction and muscle atrophy to insulin resistance and diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Yu ◽  
Abdulmaged M. Traish
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOver the past 60 years, androgen deprivation therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. However, research findings suggest that androgen deprivation therapy inflicts serious adverse effects on overall health and reduces the quality of life. Among the adverse effects known to date are insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. In this clinical perspective, we discuss the relationship between induced androgen deficiency and a host of pathologies in the course of treatment with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients.

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