scholarly journals Is obesity related to the type of dietary fatty acids? An ecological study

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiah Moussavi ◽  
Victor Gavino ◽  
Olivier Receveur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractBackgroundAnimal studies and a few clinical trials lend credibility to the hypothesis that not all types of fatty acids carry the same potential for weight gain. Only a few epidemiological studies concerning this issue are currently available and results are conflicting.AimThe purpose of the present ecological study was to test the existence of an association between obesity prevalence and the types of fat available in 168 countries.MethodsData on the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) for women over 15 years of age were obtained from the WHO Global InfoBase. Food balance sheets for the years 1998 to 2002 were obtained from the FAOSTAT database. Five-year means for energy, total fat, MUFA, PUFA, SFA and ‘other fat’ per capita were calculated, with their standard deviations, for each country. Bivariate correlations and a multiple linear regression model were used to test for the association between prevalence of obesity and types of fat available in these countries.ResultsNot surprisingly, dietary energy supply, SFA, PUFA and ‘other fat’ were positively associated with the prevalence of obesity. We also found, however, a strong negative association between MUFA availability and obesity prevalence (β= −0·68,P< 0·0001).ConclusionPopulations with a lower prevalence of obesity seem to consume a greater amount of MUFA. Considering the partial correlations between variables, our results suggest that in countries with higher obesity prevalence, it is the shift from MUFA to PUFA that particularly appears to be associated with the risk of obesity.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Renal Calcification and Bone: A comparison of the effect of Dietary Fatty Acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachell Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Ectopic Calcification ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Intima Medial Thickness

Cardiovascular (CV) and renal calcification is regularly found with osteoporosis and both are conditions of chronic<br />inflammation and oxidative stress. Intake of dietary fatty acids is known to impact on the incidence of CV disease and bone<br />loss but few studies have specifically looked at their impact on CV or renal calcification. This review found that although a<br />very high total fat intake is likely to prove detrimental to both tissues and bone, particularly with low calcium intake, human<br />studies often show mixed results, possibly because fatty acid intake shows a U-shaped dose/response curve, contrary to the<br />expected linear relationship. Nevertheless, intake of fish and fish oil are generally found to protect against ectopic calcification<br />and bone loss, with a low omega 6 to omega 3 ratio (preferably &lt;5:1) proving critical. Fish intake of 3-4 servings a week was<br />believed to be optimal. In arteries, the relationship between fish oil intake and other markers of sub-clinical atherosclerosis,<br />such as intima-medial thickness, may be stronger than their relationship with arterial calcification. Any association with arterial<br />calcification often lost significance after adjustment for CV risk factors, suggesting that fish oil may act principally by lowering<br />risk factors and calling into question whether CV calcification is a condition of dyslipidaemia.

Dietary fatty acids and chylomicron synthesis and secretion

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Williams ◽  
P.A. Bateman ◽  
K.G. Jackson ◽  
P. Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Chylomicron Formation ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Diseases

There is currently considerable interest in potential atherogenic and thrombogenic consequences of elevated concentrations of triacylglycerols, especially in the post-prandial state. Despite this, there is limited information on the effects of dietary fatty acids on the synthesis, secretion and metabolism of chylomicrons, the large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins synthesized in the enterocyte following the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. This brief review considers current approaches to the investigation of chylomicron synthesis and summarizes some of the human, cell and animal studies that have investigated effects of different fatty acids on these pathways. Potential sites for modulatory effects of dietary fatty acids on the molecular events of chylomicron synthesis are proposed in the light of the recent model that has been developed from cell and animal studies and observations based on abnormalities in chylomicron formation in human inherited autosomal recessive diseases.

scholarly journals Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Basson ◽  
Christy Chen ◽  
Filip Sagl ◽  
Ashley Trotter ◽  
Ilya Bederman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
High Fat

With the epidemic of human obesity, dietary fats have increasingly become a focal point of biomedical research. Epidemiological studies indicate that high-fat diets (HFDs), especially those rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., Western Diet, National Health Examination survey; NHANES ‘What We Eat in America’ report) have multi-organ pro-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these disease associations, and have begun to elaborate mechanisms of disease induction. However, many of the observed effects from epidemiological studies appear to be an over-simplification of the mechanistic complexity that depends on dynamic interactions between the host, the particular fatty acid, and the rather personalized genetics and variability of the gut microbiota. Of interest, experimental studies have shown that certain saturated fats (e.g., lauric and myristic fatty acid-rich coconut oil) could exert the opposite effect; that is, desirable anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms promoting gut health by unanticipated pathways. Owing to the experimental advantages of laboratory animals for the study of mechanisms under well-controlled dietary settings, we focus this review on the current understanding of how dietary fatty acids impact intestinal biology. We center this discussion on studies from mice and rats, with validation in cell culture systems or human studies. We provide a scoping overview of the most studied diseases mechanisms associated with the induction or prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in rodent models relevant to Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis after feeding either high-fat diet (HFD) or feed containing specific fatty acid or other target dietary molecule. Finally, we provide a general outlook on areas that have been largely or scarcely studied, and assess the effects of HFDs on acute and chronic forms of intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Strategies for altering population intakes of fats and fatty acids

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk

Quantitative dietary guidelines for fats were first issued in 1977 in the USA and these guidelines have changed little since then. In the UK only 14 % of the population achieve the dietary goal for fat (33 % energy) and only 3 % achieve the target (10 % energy) from saturated fatty acids. Analysis of the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults reveals that across quartiles of decreasing total fat intake, the actual fatty acid composition of this fat does not alter; i.e. when total fat is lowered, all fatty acid categories are equally lowered. This arises because 85 % of total fat and of each of the categories of fatty acids are provided by just five foods (milk, meat, cereals, spreads and vegetables). When total fat in the UK is lowered, the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is lowered. The problem is that if the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids falls below a threshold of about 5 % energy, the cholesterol-raising properties of certain saturated fatty acids, e.g. myristic acid, are greatly augmented. In order to alter the balance of dietary fatty acids, more data are needed on food choices of those in the population achieving particular targets. These targets cannot be based on existing dietary goals, since so few people attain them. A new set of‘interim attainable dietary guidelines’, based on prevailing dietary intakes, must be the basis for establishing sensible food-based dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Relation of Dietary Fatty Acids and Vitamin D to the Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Japanese Adults: The Hirado–Takushima Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Shima Fukuoka ◽  
Reiko Arita ◽  
Takanori Mizoguchi ◽  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Shizuka Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Total Fat

Intervention studies have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is effective for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Ointment containing an analog of vitamin D has also been found to improve symptoms and signs of MGD. We have now evaluated the relation of MGD prevalence to dietary intake of fatty acids (FAs) and vitamin D among a Japanese population. Subjects comprised 300 adults aged 20 to 92 years residing on Takushima Island. MGD was diagnosed on the basis of subjective symptoms, lid margin abnormalities, and meibomian gland obstruction. Dietary FA and vitamin D intake was estimated with a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. MGD prevalence was 35.3%. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between extreme quintiles of intake for MGD prevalence were 0.40 (0.16–0.97) for total fat, 0.40 (0.17–0.97) for saturated FAs, 0.40 (0.17–0.97) for oleic acid, 0.52 (0.23–1.18) for n-3 PUFAs, 0.63 (0.27–1.49) for n-6 PUFAs, 1.32 (0.59–2.95) for the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and 0.38 (0.17–0.87) for vitamin D. Total fat, saturated FA, oleic acid, and vitamin D intake may thus be negatively associated with MGD prevalence in the Japanese.

scholarly journals Contents of total fat, fatty acids, starch, sugars and dietary fibre in Swedish market basket diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Becker ◽  
A. Eriksson ◽  
M. Haglund ◽  
S. Wretling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Market Basket ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations

The typical dietary supply of total fat, fatty acids, starch, sugars, polyols and dietary fibre in Sweden was assessed from analyses of market baskets (MB) purchased in 2005 and 2010. MB were based on food balance sheets, with each basket comprising about 130 foods, which represented more than 90 % of annual dietary supply. Foods were divided into ten to twelve categories. In 2010, total fat contributed 34 % of energy (E%), SFA 14·3 E%, MUFA 12·8 E%, PUFA 4·6 E%, n-6 fatty acids 3·6 E%, n-3 fatty acids 1·0 E% and trans-fatty acids (TFA) 0·5 E%. Glycaemic carbohydrates contributed 47 E%, monosaccharides 9 E%, sucrose 11 E%, disaccharides 15 E% and total sugars 24 E%. Added sugars contributed about 15 E%. Dietary fibre content was about 1·7 g/MJ in the 2010 MB. Compared with the 2005 MB, the dietary supply of TFA and dietary fibre was lower, otherwise differences were small. The present MB survey shows that the content of SFA and added sugars was higher than the current Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, while the content of PUFA and especially dietary fibre was lower. TFA levels decreased and dietary supply was well below the recommendations of the WHO. These results emphasise a focus on quality and food sources of fat and carbohydrates, limiting foods rich in SFA and added sugars and replacing them with foods rich in dietary fibre and cis-unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on body adiposity, lipid profile, and thyroid function of rat offspring

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Oliveira ◽  
E G Moura ◽  
A P Santos-Silva ◽  
A T S Fagundes ◽  
A S Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Secondary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Epidemiological studies show a higher prevalence of obesity in children from smoking mothers and smoking may affect human thyroid function. To evaluate the mechanism of smoking as an imprinting factor for these dysfunctions, we evaluated the programing effects of maternal nicotine (NIC) exposure during lactation. Two days after birth, osmotic minipumps were implanted in lactating rats, divided into: NIC (6 mg/kg per day s.c.) for 14 days; Control – saline. All the significant data were P<0.05 or less. Body weight was increased from 165 days old onwards in NIC offspring. Both during exposure (at 15 days old) and in adulthood (180 days old), NIC group showed higher total fat (27 and 33%). In addition, NIC offspring presented increased visceral fat and total body protein. Lipid profile was not changed in adulthood. Leptinemia was higher at 15 and 180 days old (36 and 113%), with no changes in food intake. Concerning the thyroid status, the 15-days-old NIC offspring showed lower serum-free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4) with higher TSH. The 180-days-old NIC offspring exhibited lower TSH, FT3, and FT4). In both periods, liver type 1 deiodinase was lower (26 and 55%). We evidenced that NIC imprints a neonatal thyroid dysfunction and programs for a higher adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and secondary hypothyroidism in adulthood. Our study identifies lactation as a critical period to NIC programing for obesity, with hypothyroidism being a possible contributing factor.

scholarly journals Influence of social deprivation on provision of bariatric surgery: 10-year comparative ecological study between two UK specialist centres

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e015453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivam Bhanderi ◽  
Mushfique Alam ◽  
Jacob Henry Matthews ◽  
Gavin Rudge ◽  
Hamish Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of residential location and socioeconomic deprivation on the provision of bariatric surgery.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional ecological study.SettingPatients resident local to one of two specialist bariatric units, in different regions of the UK, who received obesity surgery between 2003 and 2013.MethodsDemographic data were collected from prospectively collected databases. Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2010) was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Obesity prevalences were obtained from Public Health England (2006). Patients were split into three IMD tertiles (high, median, low) and also tertiles of time. A generalised linear model was generated for each time period to investigate the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on the relationship between bariatric case count and prevalence of obesity. We used these to estimate surgical intervention provided in each population in each period at differing levels of deprivation.ResultsData were included from 1163 bariatric cases (centre 1–414, centre 2–749). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to measure the associations between predictor and response variables. Associations were highly non-linear and changed over the 10-year study period. In general, the relationship between surgical case volume and obesity prevalence has weakened over time, with high volumes becoming less associated with prevalence of obesity.DiscussionAs bariatric services have matured, the associations between demand and supply factors have changed. Socioeconomic deprivation is not apparently a barrier to service provision more recently, but the positive relationships between obesity and surgical volume we would expect to find are absent. This suggests that interventions are not being taken up in the areas of need. We recommend a more detailed national analysis of the relationship between supply side and demand side factors in the provision of bariatric surgery.

Dietary Fatty Acid Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-904
Author(s):  
Tianying Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Han ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Yajing Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain function disorder and chronic cognitive function impairment. The onset of AD is complex and is mostly attributed to interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and food consumption are likely to play indispensable functions in aged-related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people. An increasing number of epidemiological studies have linked dietary fatty acid factors to AD, raising the point of view that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in AD initiation and progression as well as in other central nervous system disorders. In this paper, we review the effects of the consumption of various dietary fatty acids on AD onset and progression and discuss the detrimental and beneficial effects of some typical fatty acids derived from dietary patterns on the pathology of AD. We outline these recent advances, and we recommend that healthy dietary lifestyles may contribute to preventing the occurrence and decreasing the pathology of AD.

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