Intake of total dietary sugar and fibre is associated with insulin resistance among Danish 8–10- and 14–16-year-old girls but not boys. European Youth Heart Studies I and II
AbstractObjectiveTo examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance.DesignMixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys. Diet was assessed by a single 24 h recall interview and insulin resistance was calculated using the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA).SettingThe Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies (EYHS) I and II.SubjectsGirls and boys at 8–10 and 14–16 years from EYHS I (n 651) and 8–10-year-olds from baseline followed up 6 years later in EYHS II (n 233).ResultsAmong girls, a difference in dietary total sugar of 43 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA and a difference in dietary fibre of −8 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA, independent of age, maturity and other confounders (both P = 0·03). No baseline associations were found among boys and no prospective associations were found in either sex.ConclusionsDietary intake of total sugar may play an adverse role and fibre may play a beneficial role in concurrent insulin resistance among girls but not boys. Sex differences may be due to differences in maturity, physical activity, food patterns and selective reporting behaviours.