scholarly journals Stunting coexisting with overweight in 2·0–4·9-year-old Indonesian children: prevalence, trends and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2698-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Novianti Rachmi ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Louise Alison Baur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractObjectiveThe persistence of undernutrition, along with overweight and obesity, constitute the double burden of malnutrition. The present study aimed to: (i) describe the prevalence and trends of concurrent stunting and overweight in Indonesian children; (ii) identify potentially associated risk factors; and (iii) determine whether stunted children are at greater risk of overweight compared with those of healthy height.DesignA secondary data analysis of children aged 2·0–4·9 years in four cross-sectional studies of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Children’s height and BMI Z-scores were calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards (2006). We defined ‘concurrent stunting and overweight’ as height-for-age Z-score <−2 and BMI Z-score >+1. Multivariate generalised linear latent and mixed models were used to determine associated risk factors.SettingThirteen out of twenty-seven provinces in Indonesia.SubjectsChildren (n 4101) from four waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993–2007).ResultsThere were inconsistent trends in the prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight from waves 1 to 4. Children were more likely to be stunted and overweight when they were in the youngest age group (2·0–2·9 years), were weaned after the age of 6 months, had short-statured mothers or lived in rural areas. Stunted children were significantly more likely to be overweight than healthy-height children (OR>1) but did not differ significantly different across each wave (OR=1·34–2·01).ConclusionsConcurrent stunting and overweight occurs in Indonesian children aged 2·0–4·9 years. Current policies and programmes need to be tailored for the management of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jeevan Thapa ◽  
Nishant Thakur ◽  
Pramita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors among the Lebanese Population: A Prospective Study Comparing Urban to Rural Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Fahs ◽  
Zainab Khalife ◽  
Diana Malaeb ◽  
Mohammad Iskandarani ◽  
Pascale Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction. CVDs are largely driven by modifiable risk factors. This study sought to determine the awareness and prevalence of the modifiable CVDs risk factors among the Lebanese population.Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, 1000 participants aged ≥ 45 years were randomly selected from pharmacies and interviewed. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 software.Results. Differences between urban and rural areas include alcohol consumption (2.8% versus 1.7%;p=0.0001), cardioprotective vegetable servings (6.1% versus 2.3%;p=0.016), sedentary hours per day (18.6% versus 15.1%;p=0.002), and hypertension (38.5% versus 25.4%;p=0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (77.3% versus 75.2%;p=0.468), smoking (39.3% versus 43.3%;p=0.232), diabetes (25.4% versus 21.4%;p=0.173), and dyslipidemia (25 versus 21.2%) was reported. Measurements revealed 19.3% of undiagnosed hypertension (12.4% versus 22.4%,p=0.001), 61.7% of hypertension (59.8% versus 62.6%;p=0.203), and 7.9% of undiagnosed diabetes (6.6% versus 8.6%;p=0.323). The declared awareness of CVDs risk factors was highest for smoking (91.5% versus 89.7%;p=0.339) and lowest for diabetes (54.4 versus 55.7%;p=0.692).Conclusion. This study has shown a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors in the Lebanese population ≥ 45 years, among which hypertension is the most prominent.

scholarly journals Trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a pooled analysis of five national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e018468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mohiuddin Adnan ◽  
Md Zakiul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo determine the trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age from 1999 to 2014.DesignWe analysed nationally representative data from the 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years.Primary outcomeOverweight/obesity.ResultsA total of 58 192 women were included in the analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age increased significantly from 7.53% (95% CI 6.83 to 8.29) and 1.82% (95% CI 1.48 to 2.24) in 1999 to 28.37% (95% CI 27.49 to 29.28) and 10.77% (95% CI 10.22 to 11.35) in 2014, respectively. Age, education, wealth index, watching television and contraceptive use were associated with overweight and obesity in both urban and rural areas.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence increased significantly among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age between 1999 and 2014. Development of effective low-cost strategies to address the increasing burden of obesity should be a high priority.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Saharawi Refugees (P10-071-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Victoria Telle Hjellset ◽  
Marte Karoline Raberg Kjollesdal ◽  
Merethe Flaaten ◽  
Eivind Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives Economic development, globalization and urbanization has resulted in a shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure in low- and middle-income countries, called the Nutrition Transition. At the same time, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. The Saharawi refugees have been living in refugee camps in the Algerian desert since 1975 and are totally dependent on food aid. High prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported among Saharawi women. Limited knowledge about the prevalence of T2D and associated risk factors exists in this population; therefore, the aim with this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps, in Algeria and 180 women and 175 men were randomly selected. Participants’ blood glucose levels was assessed by HbA1c measurements and diagnosed with diabetes if HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol and prediabetes if HbA1c was between 42–47 mmol/mol. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to assess various risk factors for T2D. Results Mean HbA1c among the Saharawi refugees was 38 mmol/mol. Seven and 15% were diagnosed with T2D and prediabetes, respectively, and 26% and 19% were overweight and obese, respectively. According to FINDRISK, 9% of the participants had high risk of developing diabetes, 10% had moderate risk, 37% had some risk and 44% had low risk. In multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender, number of children, BMI and education, the strongest predictor for diabetes was waist circumference, OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The strongest predictor for prediabetes was age and waist circumference OR (95% CI): 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1), respectively. Conclusions We found moderate prevalence of diabetes among the Saharawi refugees; however a high proportion had prediabetes and were suffering from overweight and obesity. In light of this, the rates of T2D are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. The Saharawi health authorities should pay attention to the increased risk of diabetes in this in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Oslo Metropolitan University.

scholarly journals Life style associated risk factors in teenage students, in Miraj town: a cross sectional descriptive study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Ganesh S. Lokhande ◽  
Sachin B. Jadhav ◽  
Shekhar S. Rajderkar ◽  
Yogita G. Bavaskar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Junior Colleges ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The transition from childhood to adulthood may be referred to as ‘adolescence’ or ‘teenage’. Adolescence is not only a time of opportunity but also of vulnerability to risky behavior, which can have life-long consequences, especially on education, career and various aspects of health. Behavior patterns that influence health in adulthood have their origin in adolescence. Considering such factors, the present study had been undertaken with the objectives to study dietary habits and nutritional status of study population, to study knowledge, attitude & practices of study population regarding risk factors and to study the significant behavioral deviation including drug abuse.Methods: Cross sectional, descriptive study was being conducted in selected High schools and Junior Colleges in the Miraj town. The method of data collection was the pre-designed, pre-tested proforma. The data was analyzed by using SPSS.Results: Overall prevalence of under-nutrition was 49.83%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 3.68% and 1.49% respectively. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in participants with habit of eating outside home. Various forms of tobacco, alcohol and pan masala were used by 58.9% of the family members / friends / peer groups of the study participants.Conclusions: The students of age group 18-19 year were more likely to have risk taking behavior than students of age-group 13-17 year. 

scholarly journals Investigating the risk factors for contraction and diagnosis of human tuberculosis in Indonesia using data from the fifth wave of RAND’s Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nathan Adam ◽  
Saseendran Pallikadavath ◽  
Marianna Cerasuolo ◽  
Mark Amos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
As Stress

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally widespread disease, with approximately a quarter of the world’s population currently infected (WHO, 2018). Some risk factors, such as HIV status, nutrition and body mass index, have already been thoroughly investigated. However, little attention has been given to behavioural and/or psychological risk factors such as stress and education level. This study investigated the risk factors for TB diagnosis by statistical analyses of publicly available data from the most recent wave of the Indonesian Family Life survey (IFLS-5) conducted in 2015. Out of 34,249 respondents there were 328 who reported having TB. For comparison and completeness, variables were divided into levels: individual-, household- and community-level variables. The most prominent and interesting variables found to influence TB diagnosis status (on each level) were investigated, and a logistic regression was subsequently developed to understand the extent to which each risk factor acts as a predictor for being diagnosed with TB. Age, health benefit or insurance, stress at work and living in a rural area all showed significant association with TB diagnosis status. This study’s findings suggest that suitable control measures, such as schemes for improving mental health/stress reduction and improved access to health care in rural areas should be implemented in Indonesia to address each of the key factors identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia in under five-year-old children: a hospital-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Swatantar Singh ◽  
Sangeeta Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Anemia affects individuals of both gender and all ages, there is a need for localized and age- and context-specific studies to improve our knowledge of prevalence patterns and associated risk factors of Indian population. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for anemia in under five-year-old children in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out among under five-year-old children suffering from anemia. For the diagnosis of anemia, WHO criteria for haemoglobin (Hb) threshold in different age group were used. The growth and development statuses of children were evaluated by WHO's Child Growth Standards 2006.Results: Total 240 anaemic children were enrolled into the study. Children of age group of between 2-5 years was more affected. A majority of the mother of anaemic children had primary level of school education. More than half of the children belong to lower socioeconomic classes (Class IV + Class V). Nutritional deficiency was the single most important causative factor in the development of anemia. Infectious diseases found to be more prevalent.Conclusions: Nutritional deficiency, particularly, iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia in the present study. In addition to nutritional deficiency, socioeconomic factors like, gender, maternal education and SE class also play an important role in development of anemia.

scholarly journals Forecasting the progress towards the target of Millennium Development Goal 1C in children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tanvir Hasan ◽  
Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes ◽  
Gail M Williams ◽  
Abdullah A Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Millennium Development Goal ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the average annual rates of reduction of stunting, underweight and wasting for the period 1996 to 2011, and to evaluate whether Bangladesh will be expected to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goal 1C of reducing the prevalence of underweight by half by 2015.DesignWe used five nationwide, cross-sectional, Demographic and Health Survey data sets to estimate prevalence of undernutrition defined by stunting, underweight and wasting among children under 5 years of age using the WHO child growth standards. We then computed the average annual rates of reduction of prevalence of undernutrition using the formula derived by UNICEF. Finally, we projected the prevalence of undernutrition for the year 2015 using the estimated average annual rates of reduction.SettingNationwide covering Bangladesh.SubjectsChildren under 5 years of age (n 28 941).ResultsThe prevalence of stunting decreased by 18·8 % (from 60·0 % to 41·2 %), underweight by 16·0 % (from 52·2 % to 36·2 %) and wasting by 5·1 % (from 20·6 % to 15·5 %) during 1996 to 2011. The overall average annual rates of reduction were 2·84 %, 2·69 % and 2·47 %, respectively, for stunting, underweight and wasting. We forecast that in 2015, the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting will be 36·7 %, 32·5 % and 14·0 %, respectively, at the national level. The prevalence of undernutrition is likely to remain high in rural areas, in the Sylhet division and in the poorest wealth quintile.ConclusionsBangladesh is likely to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 1C target of reducing the prevalence of underweight by half by 2015. However, it is falling behind in reducing stunting and further investment is needed to reduce individual, household and environmental determinants of stunting in Bangladesh.

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