scholarly journals Associations of the consumer food environment with eating behaviours and BMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3197-3203
Author(s):  
Anne W Zhao ◽  
Cyanna C McGowan ◽  
Shannon N Zenk ◽  
Kiarri N Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjective:To examine cross-sectional associations of four aspects of the consumer food environment – price, availability, marketing and product placement – with BMI and fruit and vegetable intake.Design:This cross-sectional study measured the consumer food environment using grocery store audits and surveys. Outcomes were measured through surveys and physical exams. Multivariable linear regression models were run; models were all adjusted for age, neighbourhood, education, race/ethnicity and financial burden.Setting:Non-proportional quota sample of four socio-economically and racial/ethnically diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago, IL.Participants:Women (n 228) aged 18–44 years.Results:Participants who reported seeing healthy food marketing had a higher vegetable intake (β = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·06, 0·42). There was some suggestive evidence that participants who shopped at stores that were more expensive (β = −0·90, 95 % CI −1·94, 0·14) had lower BMI, but this association was not statistically significant. Multivariable regression models did not indicate any significant association between any measure of the consumer food environment and fruit intake.Conclusions:Our findings add to the growing interest in the role of the consumer food environment in health behaviours. Further research is needed to better understand the role of price and marketing characteristics on eating behaviours and BMI.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Bouts on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simone J.J.M. Verswijveren ◽  
Cormac Powell ◽  
Stephanie E. Chappel ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.

Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Kerem Shuval ◽  
Bijal A. Balasubramanian ◽  
Darla E. Kendzor ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Background:Prolonged sitting time is associated with numerous health outcomes; however, the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in these relationships is largely unexplored. The cross-sectional association between reported sitting time and measured CRF was examined in a large study of healthy men and women.Methods:The analytic sample included 4658 men and 1737 women enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between sitting time and CRF, stratified by sex and meeting (or not) meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines.Results:In men, CRF was not associated with sitting time after adjustment for potential confounders. In contrast, for women, after adjustment there was a significant association between increased sitting time and lower CRF (P for trend <.001). When stratified by meeting or not meeting PA guidelines, there was no association between sitting time and CRF in men. In women, this relationship was statistically significant regardless of PA category (both P for trend < .05).Conclusions:These results suggest that the association between sitting time and CRF varies by sex. Further, meeting PA guidelines does not appear to modify this relation in either sex.

scholarly journals Perceived Produce Availability and Child Fruit and Vegetable Intake: The Healthy Communities Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Laurel F. Moffat ◽  
Lorrene D. Ritchie ◽  
Wendi Gosliner ◽  
Kaela R. Plank ◽  
Lauren E. Au
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Communities ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Low Income Households

Children eat more fruits and vegetables when more are available at home, but less is known about how the neighborhood food environment relates to children’s diet and weight outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine whether parental perception of the food environment (neighborhood and home) is associated with children’s fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and weight outcomes, and to assess differences by household food security status and household income. Cross-sectional data from the 2013–2015 U.S. Healthy Communities Study included 5138 children, aged 4 to 15 years old, from 130 U.S. communities. Neighborhood and home food environments were assessed with parent-reported, perceived F&V availability scores. Associations were tested with multi-level linear regression models. Parents’ perception of produce availability was associated with household F&V availability ratings (β = 0.09 points, p < 0.001). Household F&V availability was associated with child F&V intake (β = 0.32 cups/day or 25.6 g/day, p < 0.001). A higher child F&V intake was associated with a lower child BMI z-score (β = −0.05, p = 0.002). Weaker relationships were seen for children living in food insecure or low-income households. Optimizing neighborhood and home access to F&V may help children improve diet quality, but may not be as effective for children living in food insecure or low-income households.

scholarly journals Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
Karen E. Peterson ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Isotonic quadriceps endurance is better associated with daily physical activity than quadriceps strength and power in COPD: an international multicentre cross-sectional trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Frykholm ◽  
Sarah Gephine ◽  
Didier Saey ◽  
Arthur Lemson ◽  
Peter Klijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quadriceps Function ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

AbstractKnowledge about modifiable determinants of daily physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial to design effective PA interventions. The present study aimed to determine the contribution of quadriceps strength, power and endurance to daily PA in COPD. Additionally, for quadriceps endurance, we also aimed to determine to what extent the association varies according to the mode of movement (isotonic, isometric, or isokinetic). Using a multicentre cross-sectional trial design we determined the contribution of quadriceps function to daily PA (steps, sedentary time and time spent doing moderate-to-very-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) using bivariate and partial Pearson correlation analysis (r) and multiple linear regression models (ΔR2). Pre-determined controlling factors were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), COPD-assessment test, forced expiratory volume in one second in percent of the predicted value (FEV1pred), and distance walked on the 6-minute walk test. Eighty-one patients with COPD (mean ± SD: age 67 ± 8 years, FEV1pred 57 ± 19%, daily steps 4968 ± 3319, daily sedentary time 1016 ± 305 min, and MVPA time 83 ± 45 min) were included. Small to moderate bivariate correlations (r = .225 to .452, p < .05) were found between quadriceps function and measures of PA. The best multiple linear regression models explained 38–49% of the variance in the data. Isotonic endurance was the only muscle contributor that improved all PA models; daily steps (ΔR2 = .04 [relative improvement 13%] p = .026), daily sedentary time (ΔR2 = .07 [23%], p = .005) and MVPA-minutes (ΔR2 = .08 [20%], p = .001). Isotonic endurance was also independently associated with most PA variables, even when controlling for strength, power or isometric-isokinetic endurance properties of the muscle (r = .246 to .384, p < .05). In contrast, neither strength, power, isometric-or isokinetic endurance properties of the muscle was independently associated with PA measures when controlling for isotonic endurance (r = .037 to .219, p > .05). To conclude, strength, power, and endurance properties of the quadriceps were low to moderately associated with PA in patients with COPD. Isotonic quadriceps endurance was the only quadriceps property that was independently associated with the different measures of PA after controlling for a basic set of known determinants of PA, quadriceps strength or power, or isometric or isokinetic quadriceps endurance. Future longitudinal studies should investigate its potential as a modifiable determinant of PA.

scholarly journals Association between egg intake and blood pressure in the USA: the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thanh-Huyen T Vu ◽  
Linda Van Horn ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Alan R Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
International Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Objectives: To investigate associations of egg intake with blood pressure (BP) and the role of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in the association. Design: We used cross-sectional data for the USA as part of the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). INTERMAP was surveyed between 1996 and 1999, including four 24-h dietary recalls, two 24-h urine collections and eight measurements of systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP). Average egg intake (g/d) was calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between egg intake (per each 50 g/d or per quintile) and BP. The roles of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in this association were also investigated. Setting: In the USA. Participants: In total, 2195 US INTERMAP men and women aged 40–59 years. Results: Participants were 50 % female, 54 % non-Hispanic White and 16 % non-Hispanic Black. Mean egg intake (sd) in men and women was 30·4(29·8) and 21·6(20·5) g/d, respectively. Adjusting for demographics, socio-economics, lifestyle and urinary Na:K excretion ratios, we found non-linear associations with BP in non-obese women (P-quadratic terms: 0·004 for SBP and 0·035 for DBP).The associations remained after adjusting for dietary variables, macro/micro nutrients or minerals. Dietary cholesterol was highly correlated with egg intake and may factor in the association. No association was found in obese women and in obese or non-obese men. Conclusion: Egg intake was non-linearly associated with SBP and DBP in non-obese women, but not in obese women or men. Underlying mechanisms require additional study regarding the role of obesity and sex.

The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merinuk ◽  
Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Laura D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

Expanding the Happiness Paradox: Ethnoracial Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Older Immigrants in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Rocío Calvo ◽  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Christina Matz-Costa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Happiness Paradox ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Objective: This study investigated nativity disparities in life satisfaction among ethnoracial groups of older adults in the United States and the factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 7,348 respondents aged 60 and older from the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate linear regression models. Results: Older immigrants experienced higher levels of life satisfaction than comparable native-born individuals. This “happiness advantage” was particularly salient for Hispanic immigrants, who reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups included in the study. With increasing education, life satisfaction increased for White and “Other Race” groups, regardless of nativity. However, for both Black groups and native-born Hispanics, higher levels of education were associated with lower life satisfaction. Discussion: Findings suggest that the “happiness paradox” may not only be a matter of Hispanic ethnicity, but that it may also extend to immigrants from other ethnoracial backgrounds.

Effect of position on intracranial pressure and compliance: a cross-sectional study including 101 patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Linda D’Antona ◽  
Claudia Louise Craven ◽  
Fion Bremner ◽  
Manjit Singh Matharu ◽  
Lewis Thorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Icp Monitoring ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Csf Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intracranial Compliance

OBJECTIVE A better understanding of the effect of position on intracranial pressure (ICP) and compliance is important for the development of treatment strategies that can restore normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. There is limited knowledge on the effect of position on intracranial compliance. In this cross-sectional study the authors tested the association of pulse amplitude (PA) with position and the day/night cycle. Additionally, they describe the postural ICP and PA changes of patients with “normal” ICP dynamics. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included patients with suspected and/or confirmed CSF dynamics abnormalities who had been examined with elective 24-hour ICP monitoring between October 2017 and September 2019. Patients had been enrolled in a short exercise battery including four positions: supine, lumbar puncture position in the left lateral decubitus position, sitting, and standing. Each position was maintained for 2 minutes, and mean ICP and PA were calculated for each position. The 24-hour day and night median ICP and PA data were also collected. Linear regression models were used to test the correlation of PA with position and day/night cycle. All linear regressions were corrected for confounders. The postural ICP monitoring results of patients without obvious ICP dynamics abnormality were summarized. RESULTS One hundred one patients (24 males and 77 females) with a mean age of 39 ± 13years (mean ± standard deviation) were included in the study. The adjusted linear regression models demonstrated a significant association of ICP with position and day/night cycle, with upright (sitting and standing) and day ICP values lower than supine and night ICP values. The adjusted linear regression model was also significant for the association of PA with position and day/night cycle, with upright and day PA values higher than supine and night PA results. These associations were confirmed for patients with and without shunts. Patients without clear ICP dynamics abnormality had tighter control of their postural ICP changes than the other patients; however, the difference among groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study investigating the effect of postural changes on intracranial compliance. The results of this study suggest that PA, as well as ICP, is significantly associated with posture, increasing in upright positions compared to that while supine. Further studies will be needed to investigate the mechanism behind this association.

Abstract P240: Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Chilean Young Adults: Results From the Santiago Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena S Pacheco ◽  
Estela Blanco ◽  
Raquel Burrows ◽  
Paulina Correa-Burrows ◽  
Jose L Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Causes of obesity, a leading risk factor for chronic disease morbidity/mortality, are multi-faceted and encompass behavioral and psychological factors. Understanding eating behavior can help target behavioral obesity interventions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE) behaviors and body composition in a sample of Chilean young adults. Methods: Using data from 429 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (mean age 22.5±0.4 years), evaluated from 2016-2017, linear and logistic regression models assessed the independent associations between three eating behavior dimensions, using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (1-4 range per dimension), and BMI, % body fat (measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and central obesity, accounting for demographic covariates, stratified by sex. Results: The sample was 51% female and had a mean BMI of 26.9±6.1. Mean % body fat was 30.5±7.6 in males and 41.8±6.9 in females. CR and EE eating behaviors were associated with body composition measures as shown in the Table 1. CR was related to a 2.4 (95% CI 1.2, 4.8) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4, 4.5), respectively, greater odds of being an obese male (>25% body fat) and obese female (>37% body fat). The EE dimension was also significantly associated with percent body fat in both sexes. The greatest effect size in the linear regression models was observed for central obesity. For every point increase in CR, waist circumference increased by 5.1 cm (95% CI 2.1-8.1) and 4.1 cm (95% CI 1.5-6.7) in males and females, respectively. EE was positively associated with central obesity in females. Conclusions: In this sample of Chilean young adults, CR and EE eating behavior dimensions were associated with obesity, central obesity and% body fat. The UE dimension was not associated with body composition. Understanding the dynamics of and interplay of eating behaviors and body composition can provide evidence for future effective interventions.

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