Spatial ability assessment: an aid to student selection for therapy radiography training

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Waywell ◽  
J. Bogg
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Student Selection ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Correlation Design

Therapy radiographers require the ability to perceive three-dimensional relationships, in order to position patients correctly for treatment. A test predicting this would therefore be useful during undergraduate selection. This study examines whether therapy radiographers have a greater spatial ability than the general population, and secondly the relationship between spatial and clinical ability.A correlation design utilised 54 therapy radiographers. Each subject undertook 3 tests: 2 spatial ability tests; WAIS block test (WBT) and Lego block test (LBT), and a clinical set-up (CS). Results indicate that therapy radiographers have a significant higher level of spatial ability, p <0.001, than the general population in the 25–34 year age group. Pearsons correlation of WBT with LBT (r = 0.56, p < 0.0005) demonstrated concurrent validity of the new LBT.The results suggest therapy radiographers have a higher degree of spatial ability than the general population. A test of spatial ability would therefore be of use to determine potential clinical competency during undergraduate selection. Whilst a potential useful instrument has been identified further research needs to be undertaken in this area as spatial ability is just one factor needed for clinical competence.

scholarly journals Investigation of spatial ability test completion times in virtual reality using a desktop display and the Gear VR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Guzsvinecz ◽  
Éva Orbán-Mihálykó ◽  
Cecília Sik-Lányi ◽  
Erika Perge
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Interaction Time ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Completion Times ◽  
Test Completion

AbstractThe interaction time of students who did spatial ability tests in a virtual reality environment is analyzed. The spatial ability test completion times of 240 and 61 students were measured. A desktop display as well as the Gear VR were used by the former group and by the latter one, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the probability of correct answers and completion times, while linear regression was used to evaluate effects and interactions of following factors on test completion times: the users’ gender and primary hand, test type and device used. The findings were that while the completion times are not significantly affected by the users’ primary hand, other factors have significant effects on them: they are decreased by the male gender in itself, while they are increased by solving Mental Rotation Tests or by using the Gear VR. The largest significant increment in interaction time in virtual reality during spatial ability tests is when Mental Rotation Tests are accomplished by males with the Gear VR, while the largest significant decrease in interaction time is when Mental Cutting Tests are completed with a desktop display.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Spasial dalam Pengkonstruksian Jaring-Jaring Kubus dan Balok

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Shinta Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Jaring-jaring dapat membantu siswa membuat konsep hubungan antara objek dua dimensi dan tiga dimensi. Namun masih ada ketidakakuratan dalam menyusun jaring-jaring yang disebabkan oleh kemampuan spasial yang lemah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kemampuan spasial siswa dalam membangun jaring-jaring kubus dan balok. Subjek penelitian adalah empat puluh siswa Sekolah Dasar kelas lima. Dari empat puluh siswa dipilih dua siswa untk diwawancara lebih mendalam terkait penyelesaian tugas jaring-jaring kubus dan balok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam menyelesaikan tugas penyusunan jaring-jaring kubus dan balok, subjek menunjukkan kelemahan dalam kemampuan orientasi spasial dan visualisasi spasial. Kelemahan pada orientasi spasial terlihat pada kemampuan subjek untuk melihat objek dari sudut pandang tertentu yaitu dalam mengenali dua jaring-jaring yang kongruen tetapi dianggap tidak kongruen. Sedangkan kelemahan visualisasi spasial nampak pada saat subjek yang tidak dapat membayangkan bahwa jaring-jaring dapat dilipat menjadi kubus dan balok.</p><p> </p><p>Nets can help students conceptualize the relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. But there are still inaccuracies in composing the webs caused by weak spatial ability. The purpose of this study is to describe the spatial ability of students in constructing cube and beam webs. The research subjects were forty-fifth-grade elementary school students. Of the forty students, two students were chosen to be interviewed more deeply related to the completion of the task of the cube nets and the beam. The results showed that in completing the task of arranging cube and beam nets, the subject showed weaknesses in the ability of spatial orientation and spatial visualization. Weaknesses in spatial orientation are seen in the subject's ability to see objects from a certain point of view, namely in recognizing two nets that are congruent but considered incongruent while the weaknesses of spatial visualization are seen when subjects cannot imagine that the webs can be folded into cubes and blocks.</p>

University entry score

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sutton ◽  
A. Williams ◽  
D. Tremain ◽  
P. Kilgour
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spatial Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the relationship between students’ spatial ability and their university entrance score (Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank [ATAR]). The ATAR provides entry into university studies but does not necessary provide a good measure of students’ spatial skills. Spatial abilities are fundamental to success in many design courses. This paper aims to show whether the ATAR is a good predictor of spatial skills and considers the implications of this. Design/methodology/approach Students entering university design courses in architecture were tested three times during their first year using a three-dimensional (3D) Ability Test (3DAT), an online psychometric test of 3D spatial ability. The students’ results in 3DAT were then compared to students’ ATAR scores using a Pearson’s correlation test were also conducted to assess the relationship between ATAR and spatial performance. Findings There was no correlation between ATAR and spatial performance. Therefore, there was no relationship between an individual’s ATAR and their spatial performance upon entering university. Research limitations/implications Participants were required to select their ATAR from ranges, i.e. 71-80, 81-90 and 91-100, which meant their exact ATAR was not recorded. This meant that the participants were clustered, making it difficult to establish a linear relationship that was a true reflection of the population. Practical implications Initiatives to support students entering design courses may be necessary to compensate for the range of spatial skills students possess when entering university because of their school experiences. Social implications Individuals who have strong spatial skills are able to perform spatial problems faster and more efficiently than those with weak spatial skills. High spatial performance has been shown relate to performance in areas such as mathematics science technology and design. Originality/value This paper fulfils the need to better understand the diversity of spatial abilities students have on entering design courses.

Analysis of Finite Element and Experimental Study on Elastic Body of the Grip Force Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 1012-1016
Author(s):  
Shun Yan ◽  
Chang Ming Wang ◽  
Jian Dong Bao ◽  
Bo Xia He
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Key Points ◽  
New Type ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

A three-dimensional grip force sensor with new elastomer structure is developed. By using the simulation of finite element method, the relationship between force and strain is analyzed, the characteristic values of the key points is extracted and the coupling performance between dimensions of grip force sensor is analyzed. The static calibration system is set up and the decoupling matrix of grip force sensor is obtained. Experimental results shows that the new type sensor can eliminate the coupling among the three dimensions effectively.

Simulation and Experiment of a Designed Anti-Drift Spray Nozzle

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 837-841
Author(s):  
W. Deng ◽  
C. Zhao ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
R. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports an investigation of the relationship between spray characteristics and a nozzles’ internal structure to reveal the working mechanism of anti-drift spray nozzles. Three important structural factors were taken into account, the diameter of the inner chamber, the angle of V-shaped slot and the relative kerf depth. Three-dimensional models of the fan nozzles were set up using Solidworks software and the corresponding real nozzles were produced using high-precision 3-D printer. The flow fields inside the nozzles were simulated using the software FLUENT. By comparing the flow fields inside and outside the nozzles under the conditions of the same inner structural parameter, the relationships between spraying flow characteristics and different structural parameters was made clear, and provides a reference for optimal design of anti-drift spray nozzles.

Study on the Online Ink Testing with CCD Based on Calabro-Mercatucci Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Rgb Values

With the increasing of press’ speed and the people’s requirement, online testing of printed stock becomes to the development direction. The ink metering control is an important part of printing quality control. So this paper sets up a three-dimensional curved surface model of the CCD’s RGB values and the best ink film thicknesses based on Calabro-Mercatucci model, which can be applied to the online ink testing with CCD. Firstly, we printed cyan magenta yellow black color bitches of different ink film thicknesses and got their optical densities and RGB values with measuring tools. Afterwards, we got the parameters in Calabro-Mercatucci model with the experimental data through the least square algorithm and then got the scale of the best ink film thickness. Last, we set up the three-dimensional curved surface model of the CCD’s RGB values and the best ink film thicknesses through ‘v4’ algorithm in matlab tools. With this three-dimensional curved surface model, we can judge whether the thickness corresponding to the RGB values is in the range of the best ink film thickness. It is proved that this method can indicate the relationship between CCD’s RGB values and the ink film thickness and be applied to detect the ink metering after tested.

The Relationship between Mathematics Achievement and Spatial Abilities among Elementary School Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland B. Guay ◽  
Ernest D. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Elementary School Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship

The literature regarding the relationship between elementary school mathematics achievement and spatial abilities is not clear. Four spatial tests were administered to 90 children enrolled in Grade 2 through Grade 7. Two tests measured simple spatial ability, that is, visualizing two-dimensional configurations; the other two measured complex spatial ability, that is, visualizing and mentally rotating three-dimensional configurations. Scores on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills were used to classify children as high or low mathematics achievers. High mathematics achievers scored significantly higher (p<.05p<.05) than low mathematics achievers on all four spatial tests. Additionally, males scored significantly higher (p<.05p<.05) than females on the two tests measuring complex spatial ability.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

Work Stress and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs) in Call Centers Employees

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita ◽  
Urvashi Singh ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Rajnee Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between organisational stress and organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) in employees of call centers. The study also further explored as how stress at work set-up has negative impact on OCBs. A sample of 250 employees working in call centre of Gurgaon belonging to an age group of 25-30 years were selected on availability basis. All were working married couples living in nuclear families. Job stress survey (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (Bateman & Organ, 1983) were administered. Data was analysed by using simple correlation and multiple regression. Results showed the negative relationship between organisational stress and OCBs. Results of regression analysis also exhibited the negative impact of stress on OCBs. The implications for the employees are discussed.

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