scholarly journals Poverty alleviation and state building in peripheral areas: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chao-Yo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
State Building ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Ambiguous Effect

Abstract The literature suggests that the distributive allocations of local public goods help politicians secure support and thus contribute to political survival. We argue that the selective assignment of state-led infrastructure projects can bolster political control in peripheral areas by inducing the government's investment in essential administrative and security apparatus for project implementation and long-term state building. Drawing on a unique county-level dataset, we study the effects of poverty alleviation transfers in Xinjiang. We find that poverty alleviation was associated with significant increases in government spending on public management and security. In contrast, these alleviation transfers had a small and ambiguous effect on increasing agricultural production and reducing ethnic violence in the province. Our findings highlight the importance of comparing the capacity and welfare implications of distributive politics, as fiscal subsidies may change the actions of the leader's local agents more than altering the behaviors and attitudes of those who may benefit from these transfers.

The political economy of English public services reform and implications for management knowledges in health care organizations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Ferlie ◽  
Sue Dopson ◽  
Chris Bennett ◽  
Michael D. Fischer ◽  
Jean Ledger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Public Services ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Management Reform ◽  
New Public

This chapter explores, in greater depth, the idea floated in the Introduction that the macro-level political economy of public services reform can exert effects on preferred management knowledges at both national and local levels. We argue that an important series of New Public Management reforms evident since the 1980s have made UK public agencies more ‘firm like’ and receptive to firm-based forms of management knowledge. We characterize key features of the UK’s long-term public management reform strategy, benchmarking it against, and also adding to, Pollitt and Bouckaert’s well-known comparativist typology. We specifically add to their model a consideration of the extent to which public management reform is constructed as a top-level political issue.

scholarly journals Dog Tethering in Slovakia: Legal, Ethical and Behavioral Aspects and Dog Welfare Implications

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Daniela Takáčová ◽  
Lenka Skurková ◽  
Lýdia Mesarčová ◽  
Lenka Lešková ◽  
Lucia Kottferová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
Physical Comfort

Long-term tethering of dogs, or their keeping under unsuitable conditions can result in issues related to changes in their behavior as they may not satisfy their basic needs of life. These needs are discussed in this paper, along with cases when dogs unnecessarily have to endure cruelty and pain. The unavoidable tethering of a dog must not cause trauma and must be arranged in a way that it guarantees physical comfort. Failure to meet the basic needs of an animal may result in manifestation of fear and subsequent aggressiveness. Owners of animals are responsible for their life and health, and their obligations include eliminating the possibility of them hurting themselves or other beings. The relevant adopted legislative provisions should provide protection to animals and be enforceable, which currently appears rather difficult. Controlling and observation of the legislative provisions related to the tethering of dogs raises some difficulties for animal protection inspectors. It is necessary to focus on the specificities of keeping conditions of various dog breeds and on their individual features. Based on research and the relevant Slovak legislative provisions, this paper discusses various views on the practice of tethering dogs from the point of view of public safety and the ethical consequences of permanent dog tethering. Data on dog tethering in Slovakia were evaluated based on a survey and Slovak legal rules governing this issue were analyzed along with various views of public safety and the ethical consequences of permanent dog tethering.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Ecological Forest Rangers Policy in Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Dengju Wang ◽  
Rong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forest Protection

To achieve the dual goal of poverty alleviation and ecological restoration, the policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) was implemented in rural poverty-stricken areas in China, where local residents commonly depend on nearby forest resources for livelihoods. This study aimed to analyze the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the EFRs policy in China mainly in poverty alleviation and income growth, with a brief discussion on the ecological effect of the policy. A questionnaire survey was conducted in four counties in the Karst rocky desertification region in southwest China. By combing through the early literature on REDD+, community forestry, leasehold forestry, etc., this paper summarizes the experience and lessons of similar community forest management models, aiming to explain the unsustainability of EFRs policy from the perspective of forest tenure and governance. The findings of the effectiveness analysis of EFRs policy in the four poverty-stricken counties reflect different degrees of effect in rural households with different income levels. We believe that the EFRs policy has played important roles in short-term regional poverty alleviation while its potential for long-term income growth has not been stimulated. For the amendment of EFRs policy, we put forward the following points: (1) It is necessary to redesign the selection and recruitment mechanism, as well as the exit mechanism of EFRs adapting to the local conditions. (2) It is advisable to further improve the local assessment and monitoring system of forest protection quality of EFRs and optimize the establishment of benefit linkage mechanism between protection effectiveness and EFRs remuneration. (3) The EFRs remuneration standards should be dynamically raised to assure the active participation of EFRs in forest protection. Furthermore, there is a need for one more effective integration model of forest protection and rural livelihoods improvement, which is considered as a potential future research direction.

METHODOLOGY OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
А. M. NEKHLANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Global Food

The article presents the results of a study of the methodology of strategic management in the agro-industrial complex. In the context of dynamic changes in the external environment, the intensive development of global food markets, the accelerated introduction of digital technologies, biotechnologies, and genetic engineering, strategic management of the agro-industrial complex is an urgent scientific problem of national importance. The presented methodology takes into account the influence of the peculiarities of agricultural production on the formation of a strategic management system in the agro-industrial complex and allows the complex to function successfully in the long term.

Socio-engineering arrangement of the village — the basis of rural development

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Kh. B. Dusaev ◽  
A. Kh. Dusaeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
The Village ◽  
Monetary Income

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.

scholarly journals On the Statistical Reflection of Long-Term Growth in Agricultural Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
D. S. Ternovsky ◽  
V. Ya. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Chain Indices ◽  
Statistical Reflection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Prices

The article presents the results of a study aimed at proving the existence of systematic error in traditional calculations of long-term growth rates of agricultural production based on chain indices of agricultural production. According to the authors, the article also introduces a more accurate assessment of its dynamics with the account to the structure of the relationship between prices and the volume of agricultural production. The paper describes a theoretical model that is a methodological basis for the study and explains the discrepancy in assessing the dynamics of agricultural production using chain indices and indexes at constant prices. It allows establishing differences in the ratios of the Laspeyres, Paasche, and Lowe indices for crop and livestock production, due to factors in the formation of demand and the complex structure of the relationship between the price level and the volume of production. The adequacy of the constructed theoretical model is proved based on aggregated data that eliminated the influence of incompleteness of the initial information. As a result, it was established that livestock production is characterized by time-distributed changes in prices and quantity of products, which makes it possible to assess its dynamics using both chain indices and symmetric indices. It is proved that the dynamics of crop production cannot be adequately described using chain indices, since a positive correlation of prices of the previous period and production volumes of the current period causes an overstatement of the index in comparable prices of the previous year. Based on calculations within the proposed aggregated model, it is proved that the use of constant prices as the Lowe index weights, updated every five years, is an acceptable approximation of the Fisher symmetric index. Application of the indicated methodology for calculating the index to the data on Russian agricultural production by main types of products in 1990-2018 allowed to establish an overstatement of dynamics by 11.9%. The main difference falls on crop production (+ 19.6%), while for livestock - the differences are insignificant (-0.7%).

scholarly journals APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT TO MEASURE THE PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATION – VALUE FOR MONEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Jana Štrangfeldová ◽  
Štefan Hronec ◽  
Jana Hroncová Vicianová ◽  
Nikola Štefanišinová
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement

Education is a key area, the results of which play an important role in the development of each society. The role of education focused on the inclusion of children into school groups, to prepare students to enter the labour market or continue their studies in the context of tertiary education is a sufficient argument to enable beginning to look for answers and possible solutions to the difficult question of the quality of schools. Constant pressure from the public forces them to monitor and improve the provision of public services, and continually enhance their own performance in order to achieve long-term existential security. These facts consequently require a comprehensive measurement of their performance. This opens up opportunities for applying the concept of Value For Money based on the principles of New Public Management. The purpose of the scientific study is to show the potential uses of Value for Money on the example of education. The suggestion of methodology of VFM to measure the performance in education presented in this study shows possibilities to measure, evaluate, monitor and achieve necessary and especially relevant information about the situation of education and subsequent decision-making not only for public forces, but also, it can be the suitable tool for public grammar schools themselves. The article is co-financed by the project VEGA 1/0651/17.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS IN THE KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY: LIFE‐LONG LEARNING ORIENTED HUMAN RESOURSE DEVELOPMENT

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Depth Analysis

The publication presents an analysis of management specialist development problems arising in today's situation. Special attention is paid to management specialist development in the conditions of globalization, knowledge society development, European integration and the European Union enlargement. The publication provides an in‐depth analysis of management specialists development principles and practical experiences in the area of management specialist development. The absence of well‐founded general principles of management specialist development as well as specialprinciples of business and public management specialist development remains an important research problem.The absence of integrated and individualized university studies and of the practical realization of the life‐long learning principle in the area of management specialist development remains an important practical problem. The aim of the publication ‐ to formulate and ground the main principles of management specialist development as well as to describe an original management specialist development model based on the implementation of the idea of life ‐long learning. The research methodology is based on the concept of triangulation, combining the descriptive analysis, surveys and expert evaluation. The scientific novelty, theoretical and practical results are defined by the following:The following groups of principles are singled out: a) general development principles, applicable to specialists of all fields, including that of management; b) special principles of management specialist development, applicable exceptionally to management specialist development; c) specific principles of business management specialist development; d) specific principles of public management specialist development, applicable exceptionally to the development of specialists working in the public sector and public management. This model provides for combination of diverse forms of learning, university studies, independent researches, self‐development and in‐service training; long‐term individual programmers are designed to help people acquire different qualifications and develop their competences through studies in universities and other educational institutions and through participating in practical works, workshops and seminars. Introduction of long‐term individualized development programmers facilitates development of unique managerial skills and prepares every specialist for a unique position, a unique professional activity and individualized functions. The management specialist development model based on the implementation of the idea of life ‐ long learning as well as integrated and individualized university and non ‐ university studies is described. An important element of management specialist development process is development of human creativity. It also depicts specific characteristics of creativity and highlights new opportunities and possibilities for the development of the creative potential.

scholarly journals TV talk in PNG: A search for policy in a weak state

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Robert J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
State Building ◽  
Weak State ◽  
The Sacrifice

The reasons for the nation-state's weakness are many, but the course of TV talk over the last 10 years in Papua New Guinea reveals one reason in particular: the sacrifice of long-term-state-building to the immediate demands of electoral strategy.

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