How can China solve its old-age security problem? The interaction between pension, state enterprise and financial market reform

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTELLE JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
High Rate ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Soe Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Like most countries, China faces a rapidly aging population and a looming social security crisis. Prefunding and unifying a fragmented system are at the heart of the government's projected reforms that are intended to prevent this crisis. The Chinese plan to set up individual accounts to deal with these problems is retarded by three key factors:1 transition costs must be covered in any move toward prefunding, and the Chinese government is still trying to figure out how to accomplish this;2 the current social security system is characterized by fragmentation and decentralized administration, which lead to principal–agent/ moral hazard issues that make it more difficult to cover transition costs, decrease early retirement and increase compliance;3 the funds that have accumulated have not been invested in diversified portfolios by competitive management and have not earned a high rate of return.This paper focuses on these three problems as well as the complex interactions between pension, financial market and state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform. We summarize the bold steps that the government has announced during second half of 2001 to link pension, financial market and SOE reform.

OPTIMALIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION (BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN) TO ACCELARATE THE ACCESSABILITY OF HOUSING FACILITIES FOR LOW-INCOME PEOPLE ACCELERATING HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME PEOPLE (MBR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Endang Kawidjaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Housing Facilities

Housing for low-income people has become a problem that until now cannot be solved completely. Various programs have been launched but the number of backlog of housing continues to grow. One of the parties who take in-charge in this problem settlement is the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program that launches additional programs related to the housing. The results of this study show the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Accelerating the Accessibility of Housing Facilities for Low-Income People with several programs such as down-payment facilities (PUMP), home renovation loans (PRP) and real estate construction loans. These programs will assist the government to settle this housing deficit although there has not been any prevailing rule and regulation which also has not reached entire nation of Indonesia due to it is limited to the members of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Therefore it is required to optimize the role of BPJS Ketenagakaerjaan to settle such housing deficit by understanding the prevailing rules and regulation and some related facilities including the application of leasing. The obstacle  which inhibited by the BI Checking that can be solved by set up the new scheme to the potential debtors that  so that they can as soon as possible live in their dream houses though still own difficulties in credit rate/BI-Checking. Then, as they change their credit rate they may purchase the house in the form of mortgage based on their capacity of income. To execute this, strong rules and regulation from the government as basis of the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan or “other LKNB”can also be active in this housing deficit problem with leasing scheme.

Hope for Girls’ Education in Poverty-Stricken Areas: The School-Running Experience and Process of Huaping Girls’ High School in Yunnan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-667
Author(s):  
Hongqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
School Based ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

As a measure to eradicate poverty, education has become the choice of more and more countries in the world. The development of girls’ education is an important means to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. In the practice of poverty alleviation through supporting education, the Chinese government strives to solve the problem of poverty by developing education for girls. In this process, the government, enterprises, institutions, and individuals have made tremendous efforts one after another. Teacher Guimei Zhang used her efforts to set up the first high school for girls in Huaping County of Lijiang, the poorest western part of Yunnan Province, China, providing valuable educational opportunities for school-age girls in poverty-stricken areas for free. The school challenges the current education system. Girls can enter the school based on their will without the entrance examination. All students have achieved impressive and outstanding outcomes. This article records in detail the school-running experience, process, and propositions of Huaping Girls’ High School.

JAMINAN SOSIAL TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PROGRESIF

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayunita Nur Rohanawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Document Collection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Security Regulations

AbstractThis study aims to determine the social security system adopted by Indonesia, see Indonesia as a function of the welfare state as mandated by the 1945 Constitution has not done well, and to know the view of progressive legal theory legislation related to social security in providing solutions to the problems of social security the workforce. This research is devoted to the study of normative legal systematics, which is intended to determine the implementation of a theory of the legal conditions that exist in society. Results of this study produces a secondary data. The data obtained from the document collection process or library materials. Of the collection process, the data were analyzed qualitatively, systematically arranged, and presented descriptively. The results showed that Indonesia is still not able to fully administer social security for the people, where social security is still a “black and white” but the State has not been able in practice to assume responsibility for the implementation of social security as a whole. About social security, the Government is still not able to provide significant changes to the equalization gain social security for the workers, but changes in social security regulations on labor is performed repeatedly. Necessary party whom dared to take a policy or decisions that benefit the workers to realize the welfare of the workers. Parties reffered to the law is used as a progressive peeler, is a party that has an important role that enterpreneurs and the Industrial Relations Court Judge.Keywords: Social Security, Labour, Progressive LawIntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem jaminan sosial yang dianut Indonesia, melihat fungsi Indonesia sebagai negara kesejahteraan sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 belum terlaksana dengan baik, serta untuk mengetahui teori hukum progresif memandang peraturan perundang-undangan terkait jaminan sosial tenaga kerja dalam memberikan solusi atas permasalahan jaminan sosial tenaga kerja tersebut.Penelitian ini bersifat normatif yang dikhususkan pada penelitian sistematika hukum, yang dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui implementasi pelaksanaan suatu teori terhadap kondisi hukum yang ada di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu data sekunder. Data tersebut diperoleh dari proses pengumpulan dokumen atau bahan pustaka. Dari proses pengumpulan tersebut, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif disusun secara sistematis dan disajikan secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia masih belum mampu secara seutuhnya menyelenggarakan jaminan sosial bagi rakyat, dimana jaminan sosial tersebut masih sebatas “hitam diatas putih” namun, negara belum mampu dalam pelaksanaannya untuk mengemban tanggung jawab pelaksanaan jaminan sosial tersebut secara utuh. Tentang jaminan sosial tenaga kerja, pemerintah masih belum mampu memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap pemerataan perolehan jaminan sosial tenaga kerja bagi para pekerja tersebut, padahal perubahan peraturan tentang jaminan sosial tenaga kerja tersebut berulang kali dilakukan. Diperlukan pihak yang berani untuk mengambil suatu kebijakan atau keputusan yang bermanfaat bagi pekerja demi terwujudnya kesejahteraan bagi pekerja. Pihak sebagaimana dimaksud jika hukum progresif yang digunakan sebagai alat pengupas, adalah pihak yang memiliki peran penting yaitu pengusaha dan Hakim Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial.Kata Kunci: Jaminan Sosial, Tenaga Kerja, Hukum Progresif.

How to Tell the Truth without Outraging the Press?

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Li Xiguang
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese News Media

The commercialization of meclia in China has cultivated a new journalism business model characterized with scandalization, sensationalization, exaggeration, oversimplification, highly opinionated news stories, one-sidedly reporting, fabrication and hate reporting, which have clone more harm than good to the public affairs. Today the Chinese journalists are more prey to the manipu/ation of the emotions of the audiences than being a faithful messenger for the public. Une/er such a media environment, in case of news events, particularly, during crisis, it is not the media being scared by the government. but the media itself is scaring the government into silence. The Chinese news media have grown so negative and so cynica/ that it has produced growing popular clistrust of the government and the government officials. Entering a freer but fearful commercially mediated society, the Chinese government is totally tmprepared in engaging the Chinese press effectively and has lost its ability for setting public agenda and shaping public opinions. 

Covid-19 and its financial effects on the dental fraternity and health-care workers: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Devangi Agrawal ◽  
Namisha Khara ◽  
Bhushan Mundada ◽  
Nitin Bhola ◽  
Rajiv Borle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

In the wake of the current outbreak of novel Covid-19, which is now declared as a 'pandemic' by the WHO, people around the globe have been dealing with a lot of difficulties. This virus had come into light in December 2019 and since then has only grown exponentially. Amongst the most affected are the ones who have been working extremely hard to eradicate it, which includes the hospitals, dental fraternity and the health-care workers. These people are financially burdened due to limited practise. In the case of dentistry, to avoid the spread of the virus, only emergency treatments are being approved, and the rest of the standard procedures have been put on hold. In some cases, as the number of covid cases is rising, many countries are even trying to eliminate the emergency dental procedures to divert the finances towards the treatment of covid suffering patients. What we need to realise is that this is probably not the last time that we are facing such a situation. Instead of going down, we should set up guidelines with appropriate precautionary measures together with the use of standardised PPEs. The government should also establish specific policies to support dental practices and other health-care providers. Together, we can fight this pandemic and come out stronger.

Domestic Resource Mobilisation: A Structural Approacb

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078
Author(s):  
Saleem M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Enhance Efficiency

The Mobilisation of domestic resources and their efficient utilisation are two of the most crucial tasks in revitalising the economy of Pakistan. Historically, low saving fotmation and relatively higher targets of investment and economic growth made it imperative to depend on external resources. Despite heavy domestic borrowing from both private and public sectors, there still has remained an unmet resource gap that has necessitated dependence on foreign capital. I In recent years, the sources of foreign assistance have become scarce due to a growing shortage in world saving and growing domestic demand for budget appropriations in the western countries. If economic growth in Pakistan is to be sustained and selfgenerating, investment in physical and human development must be increased and mad more efficient. To meet this challenge, most of the capital will have to come from domestic sources. Hence, the focus of this paper is on harnessing domestic efforts to increase saving formation and to enhance efficiency of capital investments. Traditionally, the government of Pakistan has relied on conventional approaches to increasing domestic saving. First, the government has been encouraging greater saving by the private sector through a package of national saving schemes and by allowing financial institutions to introduce saving incentives. Saving-schemes and saving incentives have not produced satisfying results. Table 1 shows saving and investment in selected South Asian countries. Saving in Pakistan is very low and, indeed, among the lowest even when compared with neighbouring and other developing countries. Explanations of this failure include the low levels of income and high rate of inflation in the country.2 Moreover, the financial institutions have in general remained inefficient.

Water Pollution and Its Impact on Environment of Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thyagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Micro Organisms

The present seminar paper mainly highlight  the concept of  water pollution, causes of water pollution,  Its Effects, Elements of  pollutants, Methods  used to prevent the water pollution in environment  and the mandatory initiatives taken by the concerned authorities for prevention of  water pollution. Water   is essential for survival of all living organisms on the earth. Thus for human beings and plants to survive on land, water should be easily accessible. The term “Pollution” is generally refers to addition of any foreign body either living or non – living or deletion of anything that naturally exists. The basic Sources of Water pollution causes due to Culmination into lakes, rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc. Domestic drainage and sanitary waste, Industrial drainage and sewage, Industrial waste from factories, Dumping of domestic garbage, Immersion of Idols made of plaster of Paris, Excess use of Insecticides , pesticides, fungicides, Chemical fertilizers, Soil erosion during heavy rains and floods, Natural disasters, tsunami etc. General pollutants  which are also caused for water pollution  which include Organic, Inorganic, and Biological entities, Insecticides, Pesticides, Disinfectants ,Detergents, Industrial solvents, Acids, Ammonia fertilizers, heavy metals, Harmful bacteria, Virus, Micro –Organisms and worms, Toxic chemicals. Agricultural lands become infertile and thereby production also drops, Spread of epidemic diseases like Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid, Diarrhea, Hepatitis, Jaundice etc. The  basic responsibility of the Government, NGOs, National Pioneer scientific Research Institutions may conduct  research oriented programs on control of water pollution by create  awareness among the public through mass media and Environmental Education on recycling units,  and  water treatment plants must be established both at domestic levels and Industry levels, Every citizen must feel responsible to control water pollution. There have been many water pollution prevention acts that have been set up by the governments of the world. But these are not enough for permanent water pollution solutions. Each of us needs to take up the responsibility and do something at an everyday at individual level. Otherwise we can’t survive in a society forever in a future. 

Een Duits netwerk bij de voorbereiding van de Militärverwaltung in België (1939-1940)

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Etienne Verhoeyen
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Student Group ◽  
German Army ◽  
The Future ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First World ◽  
Preparatory Work

Nadat Hitler in oktober 1939 beslist had een aanval in het Westen te ondernemen, werden in Keulen twee studiegroepen opgericht, die het toekomstig bezettingsregime van België en Nederland moesten voorbereiden. Er was een studiecommissie die geleid werd door de toekomstige leider van het Duits Militair Bestuur in België, Regierungspräsident Reeder, en daarnaast bestond een geheime studiegroep die de Sondergruppe Student werd genoemd. Deze bijdrage belicht het voorbereidend werk van de leden van deze studiegroep op het gebied van handel, industrie, recht, Volkstum en cultuur in België. De groep legde een grote belangstelling voor de Flamenfrage aan de dag en trok daarbij lessen uit de ervaringen met de bezetting van België tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Ofschoon er van diverse zijden in Duitsland werd op aangestuurd, hebben zowel de 'commissie Reeder' als de Sondergruppe de wederinvoering van de bestuurlijke scheiding van het Vlaams en Franstalig landsgedeelte, één van de 'verworvenheden' van het Vlaams activisme uit 1914-18, beslist afgewezen. De bijdrage laat ook de tegenstellingen zien die in Duitsland bestonden op het gebied van de beïnvloeding (ten voordele van Duitsland) in de te bezetten gebieden. ________ A German network in the preparation of the Militärverwaltung (Army administration) in Belgium (1939-1940)After Hitler had decided in October 1939 to carry out an attack on the West, two study groups were set up in Cologne in order to prepare the future occupational regime of Belgium and the Netherlands.  The future leader of the German Army Administration in Belgium, President of the Government Reeder chaired the study group, and in addition there was a secret study group called the Sondergruppe Student (Special Student Group).This contribution illuminates the preparatory work of the members of this study group in the area of trade, industry, law, Volkstum (nationality) and culture in Belgium. The group demonstrated a lot of interest in the Flamenfrage (Flemish question) and in doing so drew lessons from the experience of the occupation of Belgium during the First World War.Although people from various quarters in Germany aimed for the reintroduction of the governmental separation between  the Flemish and French speaking parts of the country, one of the 'achievements' of Flemish activism from the period of 1914-1918, both the 'Reeder committee' and the 'Sondergruppe' definitely dismissed it. This contribution also demonstrates the contradictions present in Germany in the area of influencing the territories to be occupied (in favour of Germany).

Missiological implications for Taylor Seminary arising from Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Allan Effa
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Cultural Genocide ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Set Up

In 2015 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada concluded a six-year process of listening to the stories of Canada’s First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. More than 6000 witnesses came forth to share their personal experiences in listening sessions set up all across the country. These stories primarily revolved around their experience of abuse and cultural genocide through more than 100 years of Residential Schools, which were operated in a cooperative effort between churches and the government of Canada. The Commission’s Final Report includes 94 calls to action with paragraph #60 directed specifically to seminaries. This paper is a case study of how Taylor Seminary, in Edmonton, is seeking to engage with this directive. It explores the changes made in the curriculum, particularly in the teaching of missiology, and highlights some of the ways the seminary community is learning about aboriginal spirituality and the history and legacy of the missionary methods that have created conflict and pain in Canadian society.

Experimental Study of a Full Forward Extrusion Process from Metal Strip

2012 ◽  
Vol 504-506 ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Tommaso Stellin ◽  
Ulf Engel
Keyword(s):  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Metal Strip ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Forward Extrusion ◽  
Bulk Forming ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tooling System

A high rate of production of complex microparts is increasingly required by fields like electronics and micromechanics. Handling is one of the main problems, limiting those forming processes of small metal components consisting of multiple forming stages. A forming chain in which a metal strip acts both as raw material and support of the workpiece through the different stages of the process, is seen as a solution that radically simplifies the positioning of microparts. Each workpiece stays connected to the strip through all the forming steps, being separated just at the end of the process chain. In this work, a tooling system for the bulk forming from copper strips has been set up and employed in a full forward extrusion process of a micro-billet. The same die, with a diameter of 1 mm, has been used with three different strip thicknesses (1, 2 and 3 mm) and three different material conditions. The use of thinner and hard-as-rolled strips has resulted in achieving a higher ratio of the billet length to strip thickness.

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