scholarly journals Methods for the development of the initial material in the process of winter durum wheat breeding and their efciency

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
О. А. Kostylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Level

The success in development of winter durum wheat varieties with a high adaptability to abio- and biotic stress conditions, large and stable productivity is usually determined by the diversity of initial material and methods for its preparation. The most efective method to develop genetic variability among winter durum wheat varieties and other grain crops is hybridization (intraspecifc, interspecifc, and intergeneric). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the breeding material obtained in the breeding process among intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids of diferent types of hybridization according to the main economically valuable traits and properties and to identify a more efective method/type of hybridization. The object of the study was 28 breeding lines of durum winter wheat identifed from the following types of hybridization: the 1st type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired and gradual), 7 samples; the 2nd  type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired), 3 samples; the 3rd  type was F1  (T. winter durum x. T. winter  durum) x T. winter durum, 4 samples; the 4th  type was T. winter aestivum x T. winter durum (direct and reverse), 7 samples; the 5th  type  was F1  (T. winter aestivum x. T. winter durum) x T. winter durum (triple), 7 samples. According to the comparative study results of  breeding material of intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids, it has been found that intraspecifc paired and gradual hybridization, which  provided high productivity and grain quality was a more efective method for developing of winter durum wheat varieties. The rest  types of crossings, primarily interspecifc, could be helpful to obtain initial material with a high level of winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and diseases, for their further use in intraspecifc gradual hybridization.

scholarly journals Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Miguel Bento ◽  
Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

A panel of elite accessions of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) suitable for association mapping studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Maria Corinna Sanguineti ◽  
Vincenzo Natoli ◽  
José Luis Araus Ortega ◽  
Moncef Ben Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
High Level

The effectiveness of association mapping (AM) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) is currently being tested in a number of crops. An important prerequisite for the application of AM is the availability of collections of accessions with a suitable level of genetic variation for target traits and with limited spurious LD due to the presence of population structure. Herein, the results of a genome-wide molecular characterization of a collection of elite durum wheat accessions well-adapted to Mediterranean environments are presented. Ninety-seven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats and 166 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to characterize 189 durum accessions, mainly cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Genome-wide significant and sizeable LD indices at a centimorgan scale were observed, while LD mainly decayed within 10 cM. On the other hand, effects due to spurious LD were notably lower than those previously observed in a durum wheat collection sampling durum gene pools of more diverse origin. These results, coupled with the high level of genetic variability detected for a number of important morpho-physiological traits and their high heritability, indicate the suitability of this collection for AM studies targeting agronomically important traits.

Effect of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) semolina extraction rate on semolina refinement, strength indicators and pasta properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1013
Author(s):  
J. E. Dexter ◽  
M. A. Doust ◽  
C. N. Raciti ◽  
G. M. Lombardo ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Gluten Strength ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Gluten Index

Since the 1980s, there have been general trends in the durum wheat milling industry to higher semolina extraction rate, and in the pasta processing industry to the use of higher drying temperatures. During this time, specification of gluten strength by gluten index, mixograph mixing properties and alveograph parameters has also become widespread. These trends prompted this study of the appropriateness of protocols for quality testing of Canadian durum wheat breeding lines. Four cultivars with intrinsic differences in yellow pigment levels and gluten strength were grown in field plots in Swift Current, Saskatchewan for three consecutive years. A laboratory-scale milling procedure was modified to produce semolina at extraction rates from about 65% to about 80%. Milling to extraction rates above 65%, the extraction rate used routinely in quality testing of Canadian durum wheat breeding lines, had a major impact on semolina ash content and colour, but did not offer any advantage in ranking cultivars for either semolina yield or semolina refinement. Gluten strength, as measured by gluten index, was independent of semolina extraction rate. Dough strength, as measured by mixograph properties and alveograph properties, showed a tendency to weakening at high extraction, particularly for strong cultivars. Semolina was processed into spaghetti using low-temperature (LT), high-temperature (HT) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) drying cycles. The firmness of cooked spaghetti was predominantly influenced by protein content. As a result, cultivars generally ranked in spaghetti firmness according to protein content. Regardless of drying cycle or cultivar, spaghetti firmness increased as drying temperature increased. Spaghetti dried at LT was less yellow than spaghetti dried at HT or UHT, probably due to thermal inactivation of the bleaching enzyme lipoxygenase at HT and UHT. Regardless of drying cycle, spaghetti became duller, more red and less yellow as extraction rate increased. For each spaghetti trait, cultivar ranking remained relatively constant regardless of extraction rate or drying temperature. On the basis of these results, there appears to be no advantage to increasing semolina extraction rate beyond 65% for evaluation of durum wheat milling performance, gluten strength or pasta properties. In addition, it appears that one drying cycle is adequate to reliably evaluate durum wheat lines for spaghetti colour and firmness. Key words: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum), milling, semolina, pasta, quality screening, gluten strength, colour, texture

scholarly journals Систематизація сортів та селекційних ліній пшениці озимої за кількісними ознаками в умовах контрольованого середовища з використанням кластерного аналізу

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
В. М. Тищенко ◽  
О. В. Гусенкова ◽  
М. В. Дубенець ◽  
А. В. Колісник
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Late Sowing

Викладено результати чотирьохрічних досліджень (2013–2016 рр.) із визначення збалансованості кількісних ознак сортів та селекційних ліній пшениці озимої за строками сівби при використанні кластерного аналізу. В досліді використовували 2 строки сівби: ранній (1 вересня, СП-1) і пізній (1 жовтня, СП-3). Головною метою при аналізі кращих груп і кластерів був пошук сортів і селекційних ліній (СЛ) пшениці озимої, які в статистичному аналізі мали високі показники двох складових врожаю – кількість зерен в колосі (КЗ) та маса зерна з колосу (М1). Також було досліджено як в кращих групах і на дендрограмах виділялись сорти і генотипи, які були кращими як в першому, так і в третьому строкові сівби не лише за КЗ і М1, а й за іншими господарськи цінним ознакам і  за врожайністю. У результаті кластерного аналізу були сформовані групи сортів та селекційних ліній пшениці озимої, в яких міститься інформація про рівень формування ознак за ранніх та пізніх строків сівби. Нами були виділені генотипи пшениці озимої, як носії високого рівня кількісних ознак, особливо ознак потенціалу врожайності за ранніх та пізніх строків сівби, які можна використовувати як перспективний селекційний матеріал. Перевага кластерного аналізу по відношенню до статистичного аналізу полягає в тому, що кластерний аналіз дає змогу ідентифікувати сорти і селекційні лінії по збалансованості за господарськи корисними ознаками, а в статистичному аналізі ми можемо відібрати і виділити  тільки  окремі кількісні ознаки по їх рівню формування і мінливості і за врожайністю. The article presents the results of four-year studies (2013–2016) on the determination of the balance of quantitative characteristics of varieties and selection lines of winter wheat by the use of cluster analysis. The experiment used 2 sowing lines: early (1 September, SP-1) and late (October 1, SP-3). The main goal, when analyzing the best groups and clusters, was the search for winter wheat varieties and breeding lines (SL), which in the statistical analysis had high indicators of two components of the harvest – the number of grains in the ear (KZ) and the mass of grain from the ear (M1). Also we investigate how in the best groups and on dendrograms varieties and genotypes were distinguished, which were better both in the first and in the third term sowing, not only in terms of the number of grains in the ear and the mass of grain from the ear, but also on other economic and valuable features and by yield. It should be noted that the study of varieties, or SL by the terms of sowing, gives unique opportunities to evaluate the material under study in terms of the formation of quantitative characteristics. We can form groups of varieties or SLs, where we will have information about the level of formation of signs at early, optimal, or late sowing. We can also distinguish genotypes as carriers of a high level of quantitative attributes, especially signs of yield potential in the early or late sowing, as the usual statistical analysis does not provide information on the balance of signs in one or another variety of winter wheat. We believe that cluster analysis makes it possible to identify varieties using the Euclidean metric in terms of the balance of quantitative attributes. Based on the research carried out on the use of cluster analysis in the technology of breeding process for 2013–2016, selected varieties and constant selection lines are balanced by economically useful features that can be used as a promising breeding material and as parent components for hybridization. The advantage of cluster analysis with respect to statistical analysis is that cluster analysis enables identification of varieties and breeding lines on a balance basis for economically useful features, and in the statistical analysis we can select and allocate only certain quantitative attributes according to their level of formation and variability and by yield.

scholarly journals The variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
V. M. Tishchenko ◽  
O. M. Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Different Origin

Aim. Detailed examination of different studies showed that the thickness of the straw second internode of soft winter wheat is not sufficient investigated. Methods. The article presents the results of an experiment for the study of the formation and the variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) in different soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. There are forty one wheat varieties of different origin presented in this study. Results. It was established that the trait TS-2M significantly correlated with the main yield traits. Therefore, the selection of productive genotypes in the selection process based on TS-2M is effective. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of winter wheat varieties based on the trait TS-2M showed that the level of formation and variability of this trait is genetically determined. Keywords: winter wheat, the second internode (ТS-2М), genetic coefficient of variation (CV%).

scholarly journals THE STUDY RESULTS OF ADAPTIVE-ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW VARIETIES AND PROMISING LINES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE RYAZAN REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
As Stress

A number of objective reasons for the modern agrarian complex show that it is necessary to orient the most part of the agricultural establishments to a wider introduction of environmentally adaptable varieties. Due to the relevance of this problem, the article analyzes the study results of the competitive variety trials (2016–2018) of 6 varieties, 2 of which are on the SVT, and 11 breeding lines of winter wheat of local selection according to the parameters of ecological adaptability in the agricultural zone of the Ryazan region. There were studied such indicators as stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, coefficient of variation, coefficient of adaptability, yield range, index of stability and indicator of PUSS. As a result of research, it was found that the yield of the standard variety “Angelina” was 7.59 t/ha. The varieties “Glafira”, “Okskaya Krasa” (8.25 and 8.31 t/ha, respectively) produced larger average productivity than the standard variety. The breeding lines “L 45/18”, “L 48/18”, “L 49/18”, “L 65/18”, “L 64/18”, “L 46/18”, “L 63/18” had an average productivity of 7.72 to 8.16 t/ha. It was established that the studied winter wheat varieties and lines had different stress resistance (–0.9...–3.1), a large variation in genetic flexibility (6.9–8.34), different stability index (3.4–19.0) and PUSS (39.6%–223.6%). It was found that only 10 (58.8%) varieties and lines out of 17 studied ones had an average adaptability factor higher than 1. The study has identified that the variety “Glafira” and the breeding lines “L 43/18”, “L 44/18”, “L 45/18” are the most adaptable and stable ones in the conditions of the Ryazan region.

scholarly journals Homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
M. V. Skulova ◽  
A. V. Chegunova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening

The current paper has presented the study results on the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant” in the southern part of the Rostov region, conducted on the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to determine the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The objects of the research were 75 samples of soybeans of the middle early ripening group, which varied according to their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. There have been selected 27 collection samples of soybeans, which significantly exceeded the standard variety in terms of to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The soybean variety ‘Don 21' developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” was used as a standard variety. The meteorological conditions during the growing season of soybeans during the years of study were different, which made it possible to objectively estimate the parameters of homeostaticity. For statistical processing of the results obtained, there were used the Dospekhov's methods of analysis of variance, the homeostaticity indices (Hom) were calculated according to V. V. Khangildin. (1984). According to the study results, it was established that the sample ‘Veselovskaya 5', ‘Line 504/11' and ‘PR 110370 OZ 006' had high productivity indices per a plant, along with high homeostaticity indices. There has been recommended to use them in breeding for homeostaticity and ecological adaptability. The highly productive samples ‘Im 55-2', ‘Kyoto', ‘Kofu', ‘Line 696-1', ‘M-91-212006, ‘RZhT Shuna', ‘SVH 14 TOS 1D' have shown a low index of homeostaticity. They could be characterized as the samples responsive to the improvement of environmental conditions and could be recommended as an initial material when developing varieties of intensive type.

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