The Differences in Gait Pattern Between Dancers and Non-Dancers

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. -W. Lung ◽  
J. -S. Chern ◽  
L. -F. Hsieh ◽  
S. -W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Walking Pattern

AbstractStudents in dancing department routinely perform hours of dancing every day. Extreme ankle posture can subject the ankle of the dancers to high stress and can significantly increase the mobility of the ankle. This causes ankle sprain which occurs frequently during daily walking. Measurements of the ground reaction force (GRF) and the center of pressure (CoP) provide useful variables to analyze the walking patterns of dancers, which might help understand the causes of ankle sprain. The aims of this work were (1) to investigate the differences in gait patterns between dancers and non-dancers and (2) to explore the gait characteristics in dancers. Thirteen students in dancing department and twenty age-matched normal healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects were requested to walk along a 10-meter walkway. Results showed that the dancers have greater medial shear force of the GRF, and decreased the CoP velocity during the pre-swing phase, delayed peak-CoP velocity occurrence during the mid-stance, and straighter CoP trajectory through the forefoot at push off. The intense and demanding dancing activities change the walking pattern of dancers, which may lead to higher chance of getting ankle sprain.

scholarly journals A New Method to Prescribe Wedges Custom Made For Individuals With Transfemoral Amputation Using Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Denise Paschoal Soares ◽  
Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro ◽  
Emília Mendes ◽  
Leandro Machado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Force Components

Objective: Wedges custom made have been used to improve the gait pattern of individuals with transfemoral (TF) Amputation. However, the prescription and test of these wedges is mostly based on a highly subjective gait evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop a rational and quantitative method to prescribe wedges custom made for the sound limb of individuals with TF using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Method: First, the effect of different wedges was assessed in able-bodied subjects (CG). Second, using the influence of the wedges in CG, and the gait pattern of each TF individually, wedges were prescribed in order to modify their gait according to the specific effect of each wedge. The variables analyzed were the ground reaction force components and center of pressure displacement. The Mahalanobis distance for each variable and the 95% confidence interval (CI) based on CG data was calculated. Results showed, by the Mahalanobis distance of the variables, that TF subjects improved their gait pattern, TF subjects improved their gait; the variables that were out of the boundaries of 95% CI of CG, moved inside these boundaries with the use of wedges. Result: The application of wedges to the sound limb of TF amputees can improve their gait patterns, thus the application of PCA can help clinicians to decide the best device for each patient, and consequently improve TF patient quality of life.

scholarly journals Gutenberg Gait Database, a ground reaction force database of level overground walking in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Horst ◽  
Djordje Slijepcevic ◽  
Marvin Simak ◽  
Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Gait Database

AbstractThe Gutenberg Gait Database comprises data of 350 healthy individuals recorded in our laboratory over the past seven years. The database contains ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (COP) data of two consecutive steps measured - by two force plates embedded in the ground - during level overground walking at self-selected walking speed. The database includes participants of varying ages, from 11 to 64 years. For each participant, up to eight gait analysis sessions were recorded, with each session comprising at least eight gait trials. The database provides unprocessed (raw) and processed (ready-to-use) data, including three-dimensional GRF and two-dimensional COP signals during the stance phase. These data records offer new possibilities for future studies on human gait, e.g., the application as a reference set for the analysis of pathological gait patterns, or for automatic classification using machine learning. In the future, the database will be expanded continuously to obtain an even larger and well-balanced database with respect to age, sex, and other gait-specific factors.

Biomechanical Analysis on the Foot under Normal and Abnormal Gait for Orthotics Design

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2179-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ok Lee ◽  
Young Shin Lee ◽  
Se Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Jin Choi ◽  
Soung Ha Park
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Analysis System

The foot plays an important role in supporting the body and keeping body balance. An abnormal walking habit breaks the balance of the human body as well as the function of the foot. The foot orthotics which is designed to consider biomechanics effectively distributes the load of the human body on the sole of the foot. In this paper, gait analysis is performed for subjects wearing the orthotics. In this study, three male subjects were selected. The experimental apparatus consists of a plantar pressure analysis system and digital EMG system. The gait characteristics are simulated by ADAMS/LifeMOD. The COP (Center of Pressure), EMG and ground reaction force were investigated. As a result of gait analysis, the path of COP was improved and muscle activities were decreased with orthotics on the abnormal walking subjects.

scholarly journals An Advanced Attention-Enhanced Hybrid Deep Learning Model for WBSNs’ Gait Pattern Recognition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianning Wu ◽  
Qiaoling Tan ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Generalization Performance ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Abstract Background: The deep learning techniques have been attracted increasing attention on wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) gait pattern recognition that has a great contribution to monitoring gait change in clinical application. However, in existing studies, there are some challenging issues such as low generalization performance and no potential interpretation for gait variability. It is necessary to search for the advanced deep learning models to resolve these issues. Method: A public WARD database including acceleration and gyroscope data acquired from each subject wearing five sensors was selected, and the gait with different combination of on-body multi-sensors is considered as a WBSNs’ gait pattern. An advanced attention-enhanced hybrid deep learning model of DCNN and LSTM for WBSNs’ gait pattern recognition was proposed. In our proposed technique, the combination model of DCNN with LSTM is firstly to discover the spatial-temporary gait correlation features. And then the attention mechanism is introduced to exploit the more valuable intrinsic nonlinear dynamic correlation gait characteristics associated with gait variability hidden in spatial-temporary gait space obtained. This significantly contributes to enhancing the generalization performance and taking insight on gait variability in a certain anatomical region. Results: The ten gait patterns are randomly selected from WARD database to evaluate the feasibility of our proposed method. Our experiments demonstrated the superior generalization ability of our method to some models such as CNN-LSTM, DCNN-LSTM. Our proposed model could classify ten gait patterns with the highest accuracy and F1-score of 91.48% and 91.46%, respectively. Moreover, we also found that the classification performance of a certain gait pattern was almost same best when the combinations of three or five on-body sensors were employed respectively, suggesting that our method possibly take insight on gait variability in a certain anatomical region. Conclusion: Our proposed technique could feasibly discover the more intrinsic nonlinear dynamic correlation gait characteristics associated with gait variability from on-body multi-sensors gait data, which greatly contributed to best generalization performance and potential clinical interpretation. Our proposed technique would hopefully become a powerful tool of monitoring gait change in clinical application.

Effects of Medial Thrust Gait on Lower Extremity Kinetics in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Bokaeian ◽  
Fateme Esfandiarpour ◽  
Shahla Zahednejad ◽  
Hossein Kouhzad Mohammadi ◽  
Farzam Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Medial thrust (MT) gait is a nonsurgical approach for reducing the knee adduction moment (KAM) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, its usefulness is indeterminate due to scarcity of research about changes in lower extremity kinetics and the ground reaction force (GRF) which have been investigated in this study. Materials and methods. Twenty patients (6 males, 14 females, age: 56.2±6.2 years) with medial knee osteo­arthritis participated in this cross-sectional study. A 12-camera motion analysis system and two force plates recorded kinematic and GRF data while participants walked barefoot along a 12m path with 1) their regular gait pattern and 2) MT gait pattern. The first peak adduction and flexion moments of the hip, knee, and ankle, and the sagittal and frontal GRF were measured. The center of pressure (CoP) location in the mediolateral direction at first KAM peak was also determined. Results. MT gait significantly reduced the first KAM peak (mean difference= 169.7, p<0.001) and the hip flexion moment (mean difference: 82.6, p= 0.020) compared to normal gait. The mediolateral CoP significantly shifted laterally during MT gait compared to normal gait (mean difference: -12% foot width, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in other kinetics variables between the two gait patterns (p>0.05). Conclusions. 1. Our findings show that MT gait can reduce the KAM with no significant increase in the GRF and other lower extremity moments. 2. The results suggest that the reduced KAM associated with MT gait is caused by a lateral shift of the CoP, resulting in a reduced GRF moment arm.

Gait characteristics in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy during the last 2 years of free ambulation (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Ropars ◽  
Laetitia Houx ◽  
Sylvain Brochard ◽  
François Rousseau ◽  
Carole Vuillerot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Abnormal Gait

BACKGROUND Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the most common neuromuscular disease in children, is a severe, progressive disease that affects skeletal muscle. Abnormal gait patterns in children with DMD result from compensatory adaptations of their locomotor system to maintain free ambulation in response to the slow, progressive muscle weakness, contractures and osteoarticular changes caused by the disease. Identification of gait abnormalities can be challenging because current understanding of how gait patterns changes progressively in children with DMD is limited. 3D gait analysis could thus increase understanding about the effects of the disease on gait, guide treatments and help to predict key milestones, such as ambulation loss. This latter event is important because it is an endpoint for clinical trials and studies of DMD disease progression. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to analyze the gait characteristics of children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) during their last 2 years of free ambulation. The secondary aim was to explore the capacity of gait variables to predict the time of loss of ambulation. METHODS The gait of eighteen children with DMD and fourteen age-matched control children was recorded using a 3D optoelectronic system. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare kinematic and kinetic variables between groups. Multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of the time of ambulation loss among spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic variables. RESULTS Compared with the controls, anterior pelvic tilt was increased during the whole gait cycle, hip flexion was increased during the second part of stance phase and of the entire swing, knee flexion was increased during swing, dorsiflexion was reduced during stance, and plantar flexion occurred in swing in the DMD group. Maximal ground reaction force, ankle dorsiflexion moment at initial contact, knee power absorption and generation during loading response, and maximal power generation of the hip at the end of stance were all reduced. A combination of gait variables, mostly kinetic, predicted the duration before ambulation loss to be less than three months. CONCLUSIONS The gait of children with DMD who are close to losing ambulation is characterized by specific deviations. The time of ambulation loss was accurately predicted by 3D gait variables, particularly kinetic. Combined with data from the clinical examination, 3D gait analysis provides valuable information to guide physical therapy, including targeted muscle strengthening and stretching, to help patients maintain free ambulation as long as possible.

An Underactuated, Magnetic-Foot Robot for Steel Bridge Inspection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Mazumdar ◽  
H. Harry Asada
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Legged Robot ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Static Conditions

A legged robot that moves across a steel structure is developed for steel bridge inspection. Powerful permanent magnets imbedded in each foot allow the robot to hang from a steel ceiling powerlessly. Although the magnets are passive, the attractive force is modulated by tilting the foot against the steel surface. This allows the robot to slide its feet along the surface using “moonwalk” and “shuffle” gait patterns. The robot can also detach its feet and “swing” them over small obstacles. These diverse walking patterns are created with a single servoed joint and two sets of simple locking mechanisms. Kinematic and static conditions are obtained for the underactuated legged robot to perform each gait pattern safely and stably. A dynamic model is built for swinging a leg, and a desirable swing trajectory that keeps the foot reaction force lower than its limit is obtained. A proof-of-concept prototype robot is designed, built, and tested. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the design concept and verify the analytical results.

scholarly journals The effect of anteroposterior perturbations on the control of the center of mass during treadmill walking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud van den Bogaart ◽  
Sjoerd M. Bruijn ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
Pieter Meyns
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Counter Rotation

AbstractShifts of the center of pressure (CoP) through modulation of foot placement and ankle moments (CoP-mechanism) cause accelerations of the center of mass (CoM) that can be used to stabilize gait. An additional mechanism that can be used to stabilize gait, is the counter-rotation mechanism, i.e., changing the angular momentum of segments around the CoM to change the direction of the ground reaction force. The relative contribution of these mechanisms to the control of the CoM is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relative contribution of these mechanisms to control the CoM in the anteroposterior (AP) direction during a normal step and the first recovery step after perturbation in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy subjects walked on a split-belt treadmill and received unexpected belt acceleration perturbations of various magnitudes applied immediately after right heel-strike. Full-body kinematic and force plate data were obtained to calculate the contributions of the CoP-mechanism and the counter-rotation mechanism to control the CoM. We found that the CoP-mechanism contributed to corrections of the CoM acceleration after the AP perturbations, while the counter-rotation mechanism actually contributed to CoM acceleration in the direction of the perturbation, but only in the initial phases of the first step after the perturbation. The counter-rotation mechanism appeared to prevent interference with the gait pattern, rather than using it to control the CoM after the perturbation. Understanding the mechanisms used to stabilize gait may have implications for the design of therapeutic interventions that aim to decrease fall incidence.Summary statementUnderstanding the mechanisms used to stabilize gait during unperturbed and perturbed walking may have implications for the design of therapeutic interventions that aim to decrease fall incidence.

Recognition of Gait Patterns Using Support Vector Machines

2011 ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezaul Begg ◽  
Marimuthu Palaniswami
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Support Vector Machines ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Recognition Technique ◽  
Recognition Capability

Automated gait pattern recognition capability has many advantages. For example, it can be used for the detection of at-risk or faulty gait, or for monitoring the progress of treatment effects. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of the major automated techniques for detecting gait patterns. This is followed by a description of a gait pattern recognition technique based on a relatively new machine-learning tool, support vector machines (SVM). Finally, we show how SVM technique can be applied to detect changes in the gait characteristics as a result of the ageing process and discuss their suitability as an automated gait classifier.

Walking Pattern of Midfoot and Ankle Disarticulation Amputees

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Pinzur ◽  
Brian Wolf ◽  
Robert M. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Amputation Surgery

Measurements of the vertical component of ground reaction force (GRF) and dynamic center of pressure (COP) were recorded for five subjects with midfoot level amputations and six with Syme's ankle disarticulation amputations. All of the subjects underwent amputation surgery as a consequence of peripheral vascular disease and diabetes. GRF measurement was accomplished with the F-Scan system (Tekscan, Boston, MA). Each group exhibited a consistent, reproducible pattern of gait. Subjects with Syme's ankle disarticulation initiated initial loading response, i.e., heel strike, with a concentration of GRF in the center of the anatomic heel. COP progressed along the midline to the center of the anatomic forefoot, where GRF was concentrated at push-off. Midfoot amputees initiated loading at the lateral-posterior heel. COP progressed medially to the midline, where it progressed distally to the level of the distal residual limb (proximal metatarsal metaphyses). It then shifted medially under the base of the first metatarsal, where a small concentration of GRF occurred at push-off, similar to the normal foot. These findings explain the decreased magnitude of propulsion seen in midfoot level amputees and may explain the seemingly paradoxical increased metabolic cost of walking observed in midfoot amputees as compared with Syme's ankle disarticulation amputees.

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