Yield and fruit quality response of sweet pepper to organic and mineral fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. del Amor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Crop Cycle

AbstractSweet pepper plants were grown in a greenhouse under three different cultivation methods (organic, integrated and conventional farming). During the crop cycle, plant growth and especially yield and fruit quality parameters were monitored to determine the effects of the different fertilization strategies. Plant fresh weight and total leaf fresh weight were progressively reduced, relative to the other treatments, in the organic treatment compared with the conventional, and at the end of the crop cycle these parameters were reduced by 32.6 and 35% respectively. This reduction in growth was directly correlated with plant nitrate concentration and, at the end of the study, nitrate concentration was reduced almost completely in the organic treatment. Despite the important effect on growth, no significant differences in total marketable yield were observed between conventional and organic farming, although integrated farming showed the highest yield in the extra and first class fruit categories. Organic farming increased antioxidant activity but reduced both chlorophylls and β-carotene. Fruit firmness, pericarp thickness, pH and total soluble solids content showed higher values with the organic method, but these differences were not significant with respect to the conventional method. Our results show the advantages of the organic fertilization, from both environmental and economic perspectives, if proper dosage is added to the crop and the demonstrated buffer capacity of these plants, with respect to maintaining yield under nutrient depletion at later stages of development, is taken into account.

scholarly journals Estimating genotype-environment interactions for internal fruit quality traits in cherry tomatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre ◽  
Franco Alirio Vallejo-Cabrera ◽  
Yacenia Morillo-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Genotype-environment interactions (GEI) were assessed in 10 cherry tomato accessions in nine environments, including four artificial settings (0, 60 120, and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established on the experimental farms Montelindo (Palestina), Tesorito (Manizales), and CEUNP (Palmira) (Colombia). The plant material included 10 cherry tomato genotypes obtained from the germplasm bank at the Instituto Agronómico de Campinas and Tomato Genetics Resources Center (TGRC). A completely randomized block design with four blocks corresponding to the level of potassium fertilization was used (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1); 0 kg ha-1 was the level reported for the soil. The effective size of the experiment unit was seven plants; the plot included the five central plants. A distance of 1.5 m between rows, 0.50 m between plants, and 2 m between blocks was used. The contents of soluble solids (°Brix), vitamin C (mg/100 g fresh weight), and lycopene (µg g-1 fresh weight) were assessed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P<0.01) between the tomato genotypes, environments, and G×E interactions for the three assessed traits . The AMMI analysis identified similar and contrasting environments and determined the genotypes that contributed the most to the GEI. The environments with 120 and 180 kg ha-1 potassium favored the expression of vitamin C, while Palmira favored the lycopene content. The findings are useful for identifying optimal locations and elite genotypes that can be used as sources of variability in fruit quality improvement programs for cherry tomatoes.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Constituents and Selected Quality Parameters of Different Types of Kimchi: Fermented Plant Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Korus ◽  
Emilia Bernaś ◽  
Jarosław Korus
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and health-promoting constituents of several variants of kimchi obtained from Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, white radish, and cucumbers. The level of dry matter, total soluble solids, ash, total acidity, pH, dietary fiber, and vitamins C, B1, and B2, as well as total polyphenols (TP) and antioxidant activity AA (ABTS, DPPH) in kimchi, were determined. In addition, color parameters were determined ( L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ , C ∗ , and h o ). Kimchi with the highest proportion of Chinese cabbage (63%) had the highest levels of dry matter (11.01 g), ash (2.57 g), and vitamins: C, B1, and B2 (51 mg, 52 μg, and 242 μg, respectively), expressed per 100 g of fresh weight. In addition, this product showed the highest total AA of 132.3 μmol Tx/g (ABTS) and 49.7 μmol Tx/g (DPPH) due to its high level of TP (194 mg/100 g). Cucumber-derived kimchi (85%) also had a high content of TP (147 mg/100 g) and high AA of 88.7 μmol Tx/g (ABTS) and 36.3 μmol Tx/g (DPPH). Additionally, stuffed kimchi from kohlrabi (88%) had the highest amounts of total dietary fiber, 3.65 g/100 g fresh weight. In all products, red ( a ∗ ) and yellow ( b ∗ ) were the dominant colors, with values of L ∗ ranging between 32.63 and 53.16. In general, our studies have shown that depending on the raw materials used, kimchi is a good source of dietary fiber but also vitamins and polyphenols.

scholarly journals The Effects of Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment on the Fruit Quality Parameters of Cold-Stored ‘Szampion’ Cultivar Apples

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Tomala ◽  
Marek Grzęda ◽  
Dominika Guzek ◽  
Dominika Głąbska ◽  
Krystyna Gutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
And Control

Postharvest treatment by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples inhibits ripening of climacteric fruit by blocking ethylene receptors, preventing ethylene from binding and eliciting its action. It is also possible to apply 1-MCP preharvest, which so far has not been studied for the ‘Szampion’ cultivar. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of preharvest 1-MCP treatment on the fruit quality parameters of cold-stored ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples in a Polish experiment. Two identical groups of apple trees (6 years, experimental orchard in Warsaw) were included, to obtain studied apples (preharvest 1-MCP treatment with HarvistaTM, 150 g/ha, 7 days before the optimum harvesting window, OHW) and control apples (1-MCP not applied). Apples for the studied group were harvested twice—on 28 September (OHW) and 24 October (delayed harvesting)—and for control group once—on 28 September, as before 24 October the majority of apples fell from trees. Afterwards, apples were stored in an Ultra Low Oxygen chamber (1.2% CO2, 1.2% O2). Apples were assessed in the preharvest period (weekly, six measurements for the studied group, and five measurements for the control group) and postharvest period (monthly, three measurements separately for each harvest time for the studied group and control group). The following parameters were assessed: internal ethylene content (IEC), firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, starch index, Streif index, titratable acidity (TA), and color for blush. For the preharvest period, statistically significant differences between the studied group and the control group were observed for IEC, the a* coordinate of color (p < 0.05; for apples treated with 1-MCP lower results), firmness, Streif index, TA (p < 0.05; higher results), and starch index (p < 0.05; no defined trend). For the postharvest period, statistically significant differences between the studied group and the control group were observed for apples harvested in the OHW for firmness (p < 0.05; for apples treated with 1-MCP higher results) and IEC (p < 0.05; no defined trend), while for delayed harvesting the differences were only minor. It may be concluded, that preharvest 1-MCP application makes it possible not only to obtain better results for ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples’ quality parameters, but also allows delayed harvesting without deterioration in quality.

Effect of nitrogen on the yield and quality of irrigated onions (Allium cepa L.) cv. Cream Gold grown on siliceous sands

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AP Dahlenburg ◽  
TK Twigden
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Scale Thickness ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N), at rates up to 590 kg N/ha, on the yield and quality of Cream Gold onions grown on siliceous sands was investigated in field experiments conducted during 1987-88 (1 site) and 1988-89 (2 sites). As the rate of applied N increased there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the fresh weight of tops harvested when the largest bulbs were 25-30 mm in diameter. Fresh weight of tops was significantly (P<0.001) correlated with final marketable yield of bulbs. Nitrogen application accelerated top senescence. Nitrogen-deficient plants had erect green tops at harvest. Marketable yield was significantly (P<0.01) increased and the yield of culls (unmarketable bulbs) was significantly (P<0.01) decreased as the rate of N increased at all sites. Nitrogen rates in the range 299-358 kg N/ha were required for 95% of maximum yield. Scale thickness increased significantly (P<0.05) and glucose and fructose concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 2 sites as the rate of applied N increased. Soluble solids and dry matter of bulbs were not affected by N. Bulb size increased as the rate of applied N increased, however, the magnitude of the effect varied between sites. Number of days to 10% sprouting during storage at 15 � 0.5�C was significantly increased as the rate of applied N increased up to 40 kg N/ha at 2 sites. We have concluded that for the cv. Cream Gold grown on siliceous sands, the high rates of fertiliser N required to maximise marketable yield and bulb size were not detrimental to quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Grafting Between Capsicum Species on Scion Fruit Quality Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrey Vega-Alfaro ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Soil Pathogens

Production of Capsicum annuum peppers is often limited, especially in tropical environments, by susceptibility to soil pathogens including Ralstonia solanacearum. Grafting desirable cultivars onto selected rootstocks can increase adaptation to abiotic stress and is an alternative to pesticides for managing soilborne pathogens. Cultivars of two other pepper species, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense, are tolerant or resistant to an array of soilborne pathogens and have potential as rootstocks; however, knowledge of how interspecific grafting may affect scion fruit quality is lacking. Flowering time, yield, and fruit quality characteristics were evaluated in 2017 and 2020 for C. annuum cultivars Dulcitico, Nathalie (2017), Gypsy (2020), and California Wonder used as scions grafted onto Aji Rico (C. baccatum) and Primero Red (C. chinense) rootstocks, including self-grafted and nongrafted scion checks. In 2020, the rootstocks per se were evaluated. The two rootstocks (‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’), three scions, and self- and nongrafted scions were evaluated using a factorial, replicated, completely randomized design in fields at the West Madison and Eagle Heights Agricultural Research Stations located in Madison, WI, in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Differences among the main effects for scion fruit quality characteristics were consistent with cultivar descriptions. No scion × rootstock interactions were observed. Rootstocks did not result in changes in total fruit number, yield, fruit shape (length-to-width ratio), or soluble solids of scion fruit compared with self- and nongrafted checks. The rootstock ‘Primero Red’ increased fruit weight and decreased time to flowering regardless of scion compared with self- and nongrafted checks. All scions were sweet (nonpungent) cultivars and both rootstocks were pungent cultivars. No capsaicinoids were detected in the fruit of sweet pepper scions grafted onto pungent pepper rootstocks. The results indicate that interspecific grafts involving ‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’ will not have deleterious effects on fruit quality characteristics of sweet pepper scions.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality Indices in Eight Nance [Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H.B.K.] Selections

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Medina-Torres ◽  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
José Roberto Gómez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Byrsonima Crassifolia

Nance [Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) HBK.] is a tropical fruit cultivated along the coastal areas of Mexico. Nance consumption has increased due to its versatility, as it can be used as fresh fruit, refreshments, and alcoholic beverages and also for preparing fruit rolls, bottled drinks, jellies, syrup, ice cream, and cakes. However, the broad variation in fruit quality parameters, like juice acidity, total soluble solids, skin color, and size, seems to limit its use. Since fruit quality can be influenced by the parameter used, multivariate canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was used to discriminate among nance selections. The objective of this study was to find the best quality indices using physical and chemical fruit characteristics from eight nance selections cultivated in the state of Nayarit, Mexico. Six physical and five chemical variables of fruit quality were studied to determine the relative contribution of each variable to the discrimination between nance selections. Two canonical discriminant functions (CDF1 and CDF2) explained >80% of the accumulated variation among nance selections. The total soluble solids (TSS) to titratable acidity (TA) ratio was dominant on the CDF1 (standardized canonical coefficient = 2.46), therefore, this ratio could be used as the best quality index to select nance fruit. The following TSS to TA values are proposed to classify the nance selections studied: a) 5.1 to 8 as sour fruit (Sour-small and Purple selections), b) 8.1 to 10 as sweet-sour fruit (Conical, Improved, Sweet-sour-1, Sweet-sour-2, and Sweet-sour-3 selections), and c) >10 as sweet fruit (Sangunga selection).

scholarly journals Abscisic acid on the quality of tomato fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Carlos Agostinho Balate ◽  
Douglas Correa de Souza ◽  
Luis Felipe Lima e Silva ◽  
Luciane Vilela Resende ◽  
Sergio Tonetto de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Root Treatment

The use of abscisic acid (ABA) in agriculture has increased in the last few years due to the increase in ABA commercial availability at lower costs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous ABA on tomato fruit quality parameters such as soluble solids (SS), total and soluble pectins, titratable acidity (TA) and flesh firmness. Tomatoes from the cultivar ‘Santa Clara’ were the study followed a complete randomized block desig, with four treatments in five repetitions. The treatments were plants not treated with ABA (control), foliar sprayed with ABA at 500 mg L-1, 150 mL drench with ABA at 500 mg L-1, or foliar plus drench treated with ABA. After harvesting, the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated in the laboratory. All treatments were weekly applied to the plants from anthesis to harvest at fully maturity. Root treatment increased SS by up to 26.12%, increased ratio SS/TA, firmness and decreased soluble pectin. According to the results, it can be concluded that the application of ABA to leaves and roots can improve fruit quality by increasing the SS, ratio SS/TA. The method of application affects the SS content.

scholarly journals Improved soil and tomato quality by some biofertilizer products

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Borbála Bíró ◽  
Anita Dudás ◽  
Heléna Wass-Matics ◽  
Tamás Kocsis ◽  
Sándor Pabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Counts

The use of microbial inoculums is a part of sustainable agricultural practices. Among various bioeffectors, the phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria are frequently used. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of some industrial biofertilizer inoculums, of containing P-mobilizing bacteria on the quantity and some quality parameters of tomato fruits. Spore-forming industrial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (Rhizovital) as single inoculums and combinations with other Bacillus strains (Biorex) were applied on Solanum lycopersicon Mill. var. Mobil test plant. Soil microbial counts, phosphorus availability, yield and fruit quality, such as total soluble solids (TSS) content and sugars (glucose, fructose) were assessed. The results found that single industrial inoculums of FZB42 product had positive effect on P-availability and fruit quality in the pots. Fruit quality parameters, TSS content, soluble sugars were significantly improved (p<0.05). Such better fruit taste was correlated significantly by the most probable number (MPN) microbial counts. Use of such bioeffector products is supported by the positive interrelation among measured soil characteristics and inside healthy quality parameters of tomato fruits.

scholarly journals Development of a New Essential Oil-Based Technology to Maintain Fruit Quality in Tomato

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Duque ◽  
María Victoria Amador ◽  
Miguel Guzmán ◽  
Carlos Asensio ◽  
Juan Luis Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Fruits

In this study, a new technology was tested for its efficacy in the conservation of tomato fruits. An initial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of eugenol on the main quality parameters of Raf tomato fruits; then, a main experiment was performed to test the effectiveness of the new technology. In both experiments, fruits of the tomato cultivar Raf at the mature green stage were used. The preliminary experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of eugenol in maintaining fruit quality during the postharvest life of the fruit. In the main experiment, the fruits were packed using a sachet filled with a mixture consisting of 10:1:1 clinoptilolite clay, ground clove buds, and activated charcoal. This mixture was evaluated against a commercial ethylene scavenger composed mainly of KMnO4-impregnated sepiolite. Three lots of fruits were used: One batch was considered as the control, where the fruits were not packed but kept in an open box at room temperature. The fruits in the other two batches were packed in 2 L PET containers with lids at a rate of three fruits per container, and a sachet of ground cloves and a commercial scavenger was added inside each container in each batch. The containers were kept at room temperature, and the following main quality parameters were analyzed: ethylene production rate, firmness, color, content of soluble solids, and pigments. The results showed that ground clove buds led to a reduction in ethylene production which was associated with a delay in maturation and could be a good alternative for use in the active fruit packaging of horticultural products.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Influence Yield Precocity, Productivity, and Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop of Mandared Pigmented Mandarin

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Marco Caruso ◽  
Alberto Continella ◽  
Giulia Modica ◽  
Claudia Pannitteri ◽  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fruit Drop

Citrus fruit quality and scion productivity are influenced by the choice of rootstock. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of Mandared, a triploid pigmented mandarin. To do so, we established a rootstock field trial on a high pH soil (8.6) in which Mandared was grafted onto 11 rootstocks. These included some standard rootstocks, such as trifoliate orange ((Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. trifoliata), Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata), and C35 citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), as well as new releases from the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA, Acireale, Italy) and the University of California Riverside (UCR). The cumulative yield was measured over five consecutive years, while fruit quality was analyzed for two years. The trees on C35, C57 (Citrus sunki Hort. ex. Tan. × P. trifoliata), and C22 (C. sunki × P. trifoliata), started to set fruits one year earlier than the others. The trees on C57 provided some of the highest cumulative yields and canopy volumes. The production of Mandared grafted onto C57 was double that of Mandared grafted onto Troyer, while Mandared grafted onto C35 and C22 resulted in the best yield efficiency. The trees on Swingle and C57 significantly reduced the pre-harvest fruit drop, to which Mandared is particularly sensitive. However, grafting Mandared onto Swingle resulted in the highest variation among replicates, probably due to its high sensitivity to iron chlorosis. Most of the fruit quality parameters, such as fruit size, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity were not significantly different among the rootstock treatments. However, fruits produced by Mandared grafted onto C22 had one of the highest rates of anthocyanin accumulation. The results indicate that C57, C35, and C22 were the most suitable rootstocks for Mandared in South-Eastern Sicily.

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