scholarly journals Joint Discussion 10 Progress in planetary exploration missions

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
Guy Consolmagno
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Age ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

The astronomical study of planets is as old as Galileo's telescope, but in a profound way it was reborn with the advent of the Space Age. By constructing probes capable of leaving the surface of the Earth and traveling to other places in our solar system, sending back data collected from the very places that the astronomers wished to study, for the first time we were freed from the restrictions of observing astronomical objects from afar. These in-situ measurements, in their turn, have inspired countless new research projects back on Earth, from laboratory studies of materials to telescopic observations, of objects and in wavelengths now known to be of astronomical interest, thanks to those probes.

scholarly journals ChipSats for Planetary Exploration: Dynamics and Aerothermal Modeling of Atmospheric Entry and Dispersion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Umansky-Castro ◽  
Kimberly G. Yap ◽  
Mason A. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Ground Model ◽  
Atmospheric Entry ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mission Duration ◽  
Globally Distributed

This paper presents an orbit-to-ground model for the atmospheric entry of ChipSats, gram-scale spacecraft that offer unique advantages over their conventionally larger counterparts. ChipSats may prove particularly useful for in-situ measurements in the upper atmosphere, where spatially and temporally varying phenomena are especially difficult to characterize. Globally distributed ChipSats would enable datasets of unprecedented detail, assuming they could survive. The model presented is used to assess the survival and dispersion of a swarm of ChipSats when deployed over the Earth, Moon, Mars, and Titan. These planetary exploration case studies focus on the Monarch, the newest-generation ChipSat developed at Cornell University, in order to evaluate technology readiness for such missions. A parametric study is then conducted to inform future ChipSat design, highlighting the role of the ballistic coefficient in both peak entry temperature and mission duration.

scholarly journals Secular Perturbations on the Minor Bodies of the Solar System

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
I. V. Galibina
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Meteor Stream ◽  
The Real ◽  
Secular Perturbations ◽  
Meteor Streams ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Osculating Elements ◽  
First Time

By means of the Gauss-Halphen-Goryachev method secular orbital variations have been studied for a period of 4000 yr (from −50 to +3950). The method has been applied to the periodic comets Halley, Brorsen-Metcalf, Pons-Brooks, Westphal, Olbers, Neujmin 1, and Encke. Investigations have demonstrated that the use of the method for most comets is not expedient as it does not allow for the possibility of approaches to the major planets and thus does not reflect the real evolution of the cometary orbits. Application of the method over the interval of 2000 years back from the epoch 1950.0 for the planets 279 Thule, 1162 Larissa, 1180 Rita, and 1202 Marina, as well as from the epoch 1850.0 for 1 Ceres has given adequate results and has displayed the stability of these orbits. Study of the secular perturbations on the Leonids over the interval of 4000 yr has confirmed the stability of that meteor stream. By means of the same method 14 minor meteor streams were investigated, and their orbits also proved to be stable. The availability of the various systems of osculating elements has permitted us to estimate for the first time the possibility of the encounter of those streams with the Earth over a 4000-yr period. For further details see Galibina (1970a, 1970b, 1971).

The Linhuaigang Main Dam Openings Vertical Interlocking Block Revetment Design and Calculation

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Zhong Yang ◽  
Gui Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
High Wind ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
Large Water ◽  
First Time

The design “non-rope opening vertical interlock block” is used in the main dam of Linhuaigang Project for the first time in China. The opening of the block can effectively reduce the uplift pressure induced by waves. The vertical interlock can make block interlock three- dimensionally so as to enhance the integrity of the block and improve the anti-wave performance. The design can not only improve the protection of the main dam slope under long blowing distance and high wind and waves, but also save the use of stone and construction investment as well as protect the environment. Openings vertical interlock concrete block between the rigid in-situ concrete slope and the flexible dry stone slope, not only avoid the shortcomings of in-situ concrete slope suited to soft ground deformation, but also resist the larger storms owing to the better integrity than dry stone pitching ,from the interlocked effect between the blocks. Compared with the entity block, opening vertical interlock block thickness is reduced greatly. The earth dam project of Lin Huai Gang flood control project applied openings vertical interlock block successfully in water conservancy projects .The project has the pioneering position in the use in the wave elements of reservoirs, lakes and the other large water conservancy revetment constructions.

scholarly journals Lunar exploration: opening a window into the history and evolution of the inner Solar System

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2024) ◽  
pp. 20130315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Crawford ◽  
Katherine H. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Moon System ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rocky Planets

The lunar geological record contains a rich archive of the history of the inner Solar System, including information relevant to understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system, the geological evolution of rocky planets, and our local cosmic environment. This paper provides a brief review of lunar exploration to-date and describes how future exploration initiatives will further advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon, the Earth–Moon system and of the Solar System more generally. It is concluded that further advances will require the placing of new scientific instruments on, and the return of additional samples from, the lunar surface. Some of these scientific objectives can be achieved robotically, for example by in situ geochemical and geophysical measurements and through carefully targeted sample return missions. However, in the longer term, we argue that lunar science would greatly benefit from renewed human operations on the surface of the Moon, such as would be facilitated by implementing the recently proposed Global Exploration Roadmap.

Earth's thermospheric evolution and implications for planetary habitability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Atmospheres ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Planetary Habitability

<p>During the Archean eon from 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago, the Earth's upper atmosphere and interactions with the magnetosphere and the solar wind were likely significantly different to how it is today due to major differences in the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the younger Sun being signifcantly more active. Understanding these factors is important for understanding the evolution of planetary atmospheres within our solar system and beyond. While the higher activity of the Sun would have caused additional heating and expansion of the atmosphere, geochemical measurements show that carbon dioxide was far more abundant during this time and this would have led to significantly thermospheric cooling which would have protected the atmosphere from losses to space. I will present a study of the effects of the carbon dioxide composition and the Sun's activity evolution on the thermosphere and ionosphere of the Archean Earth, studying for the first time the effects of different scenarios for the Sun's activity evolution. I will show the importance of these factors for the exosphere and escape processes of the Earth and terrestrial planets outside our solar system.</p>

scholarly journals The Plasma Spectroscopic Study of Dergaon Meteorite, India

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Rai ◽  
Jayanta K. Pati ◽  
Christian G. Parigger ◽  
Sonali Dubey ◽  
Awadhesh K. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dergaon Meteorite

Meteorites are the recoverable portions of asteroids that reach the surface of the Earth. Meteorites are rare extraterrestrial objects studied extensively to improve our understanding of planetary evolution. In this work, we used calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) to evaluate the quantitative elemental and molecular analyses of the Dergaon meteorite, a H 4-5 chondrite fall sample from Assam, India. Spectral signatures of H, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, andIrweredetected. Along with the atomic emission, this work reports the molecular emission from FeO molecules. The concentration of the measured elements obtained using CF-LIBS is in close agreement with earlier reports. The elements H, N, and O and their concentrations are estimated by using CF-LIBS for the first time. This study applies laser spectroscopy to establish the presence of Ni, Cr, Co, and Ir in meteorites. The elemental analysis forms the basis for the establishment of the potential molecular composition of the Dergaon meteorite. Moreover, the elemental analysis approach bodes well for in-situ analyses of extraterrestrial objects including applications in planetary rover missions.

scholarly journals Very Hot Plasmas in the Solar System

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Axford
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Emission And Absorption Spectra ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Universe

In contrast to most astrophysical situations where information about hot plasmas can be obtained only from emission and absorption spectra, often without spatial resolution, plasmas in the solar system in many cases provide us with the opportunity to make direct, in situ measurements. Such plasmas, notably the solar wind and the plasmas contained in the magnetosphere of the earth, Jupiter, and other planets, must be heated by processes which are in many cases similar to those occurring in astrophysical plasmas and their behaviour should also be to some extent similar. It is therefore interesting and instructive to be able to compare our observations and understanding of these accessible solar system plasmas with those found elsewhere in the universe which are not so easy to observe in detail. This might provide us with some new ideas and perspectives on the nature and behaviour of hot plasmas in general and also an opportunity to test some of our ideas against “ground truth”.

Summary of the 12th Meeting of the European Forum on antiphospholipid antibodies ONLINE

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110550
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Djokovic ◽  
Ljudmila Stojanovich
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Online Forum ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
European Forum ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the 12th meeting of the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies was held in a digital format on 26th March 2021. Even experienced for the first time in a virtual set-up, it kept its strength in continuation of the opportunity for more than 200 physicians from all continents and 20 countries to meet the experts in the field. Contemporary research in the area of antiphospholipid syndrome was presented, and proposals for the new research projects, as a distinguishing feature of the meeting, made a major contribution. Despite challenging times, this meeting enabled the highest number of registered participants to have interactive communication with presenters. This report summarizes major studies and new research projects presented during the online forum meeting.

scholarly journals 6. Space Observations of Solar System Objects

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
J. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar System Objects ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Very High

Solar system objects may be studied in space by two general techniques. Everyone is familiar with the exciting aspects of deep space probes: very high spatial resolution; in situ measurements of particles and fields; in situ chemistry studies by mass spectrographs and gas chromatographs; unique phase angle and occultation opportunities. However, the Solar system can also be studied to great advantage by observatories in orbit around the Earth. The broader spectral range available above the terrestrial atmosphere is as important for planetary studies as it is for investigations of more distant astronomical targets. Both techniques will be discussed in this brief report.

scholarly journals Ingredients for solar-like systems: protostar IRAS 16293-2422 B versus comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N Drozdovskaya ◽  
Ewine F van Dishoeck ◽  
Martin Rubin ◽  
Jes K Jørgensen ◽  
Kathrin Altwegg
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Composition ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comet 67P

ABSTRACT Our modern day Solar System has 4.6 × 109 yr of evolution behind it with just a few relics of its birth conditions remaining. Comets are thought to be some of the most pristine tracers of the initial ingredients that were combined to produce the Earth and the other planets. Other low-mass protostars may be analogous to our proto-Sun and hence, could be used to study the building blocks necessary to form Solar-like systems. This study tests this idea on the basis of new high sensitivity, high spatial resolution ALMA data on the protoplanetary disc-scales (∼70 au) of IRAS 16293-2422 and the bulk composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as determined for the first time with the unique in situ monitoring carried out by Rosetta. The comparative analysis of the observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) and the measurements made with Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) shows that the relative abundances of CHO-, N-, and S-bearing molecules correlate, with some scatter, between protostellar and cometary data. A tentative correlation is seen for the first time for P- and Cl-bearing compounds. The results imply that the volatile composition of cometesimals and planetesimals is partially inherited from the pre- and protostellar phases of evolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document