The Linhuaigang Main Dam Openings Vertical Interlocking Block Revetment Design and Calculation

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Zhong Yang ◽  
Gui Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
High Wind ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
Large Water ◽  
First Time

The design “non-rope opening vertical interlock block” is used in the main dam of Linhuaigang Project for the first time in China. The opening of the block can effectively reduce the uplift pressure induced by waves. The vertical interlock can make block interlock three- dimensionally so as to enhance the integrity of the block and improve the anti-wave performance. The design can not only improve the protection of the main dam slope under long blowing distance and high wind and waves, but also save the use of stone and construction investment as well as protect the environment. Openings vertical interlock concrete block between the rigid in-situ concrete slope and the flexible dry stone slope, not only avoid the shortcomings of in-situ concrete slope suited to soft ground deformation, but also resist the larger storms owing to the better integrity than dry stone pitching ,from the interlocked effect between the blocks. Compared with the entity block, opening vertical interlock block thickness is reduced greatly. The earth dam project of Lin Huai Gang flood control project applied openings vertical interlock block successfully in water conservancy projects .The project has the pioneering position in the use in the wave elements of reservoirs, lakes and the other large water conservancy revetment constructions.

scholarly journals The Plasma Spectroscopic Study of Dergaon Meteorite, India

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Rai ◽  
Jayanta K. Pati ◽  
Christian G. Parigger ◽  
Sonali Dubey ◽  
Awadhesh K. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dergaon Meteorite

Meteorites are the recoverable portions of asteroids that reach the surface of the Earth. Meteorites are rare extraterrestrial objects studied extensively to improve our understanding of planetary evolution. In this work, we used calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) to evaluate the quantitative elemental and molecular analyses of the Dergaon meteorite, a H 4-5 chondrite fall sample from Assam, India. Spectral signatures of H, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, andIrweredetected. Along with the atomic emission, this work reports the molecular emission from FeO molecules. The concentration of the measured elements obtained using CF-LIBS is in close agreement with earlier reports. The elements H, N, and O and their concentrations are estimated by using CF-LIBS for the first time. This study applies laser spectroscopy to establish the presence of Ni, Cr, Co, and Ir in meteorites. The elemental analysis forms the basis for the establishment of the potential molecular composition of the Dergaon meteorite. Moreover, the elemental analysis approach bodes well for in-situ analyses of extraterrestrial objects including applications in planetary rover missions.

scholarly journals Ingredients for solar-like systems: protostar IRAS 16293-2422 B versus comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N Drozdovskaya ◽  
Ewine F van Dishoeck ◽  
Martin Rubin ◽  
Jes K Jørgensen ◽  
Kathrin Altwegg
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Composition ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comet 67P

ABSTRACT Our modern day Solar System has 4.6 × 109 yr of evolution behind it with just a few relics of its birth conditions remaining. Comets are thought to be some of the most pristine tracers of the initial ingredients that were combined to produce the Earth and the other planets. Other low-mass protostars may be analogous to our proto-Sun and hence, could be used to study the building blocks necessary to form Solar-like systems. This study tests this idea on the basis of new high sensitivity, high spatial resolution ALMA data on the protoplanetary disc-scales (∼70 au) of IRAS 16293-2422 and the bulk composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as determined for the first time with the unique in situ monitoring carried out by Rosetta. The comparative analysis of the observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) and the measurements made with Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) shows that the relative abundances of CHO-, N-, and S-bearing molecules correlate, with some scatter, between protostellar and cometary data. A tentative correlation is seen for the first time for P- and Cl-bearing compounds. The results imply that the volatile composition of cometesimals and planetesimals is partially inherited from the pre- and protostellar phases of evolution.

scholarly journals In situ observations of stratospheric HCl using three-mirror integrated cavity output spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3597-3613
Author(s):  
Jordan Wilkerson ◽  
David S. Sayres ◽  
Jessica B. Smith ◽  
Norton Allen ◽  
Marco Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cavity Output ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Catalytic Processes ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Stratospheric HCl observations are an important diagnostic for the evaluation of catalytic processes that impact the ozone layer. We report here in situ balloon-borne observations of HCl employing an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS) fitted with a reinjection mirror. Laboratory assessments demonstrated that the spectrometer has a 90 % response time of 10 s to changes in HCl and a 30 s precision of 26 pptv. The instrument was deployed alongside an ozone instrument in August 2018 on a balloon-borne descent between 20–80 hPa (29–18 km altitude). The observations agreed with nearby satellite measurements made by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder within 10 % on average. This is the first time that stratospheric measurements of HCl have been made with ICOS and the first time any cavity-enhanced HCl instrument has been tested in flight.

scholarly journals Plasma Spectroscopic Study of Dergaon Meteorite, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Rai ◽  
Jayanta K. Pati ◽  
Christian G. Parigger ◽  
Sonali Dubey ◽  
Awadhesh K. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dergaon Meteorite

Meteorites represent the recoverable portions of asteroids occurring between Mars and Jupiter within the solar system that reach the surface of the Earth. Meteorites are rare extraterrestrial objects studied extensively to improve understanding of planetary evolution. In this work, calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) evaluates quantitative elemental and molecular analysis of the Dergaon meteorite, an H 4-5 chondrite fall sample, Assam, India. Spectral signatures of H, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ir, are measured. Along with the atomic emission, this work reports as well molecular emission from FeO molecules. The concentration of the measured elements obtained using CF-LIBS are in close agreement with earlier reports. The elements H, N and O and their concentrations are estimated using CF-LIBS for the first time. This study applies laser spectroscopy to establish presence of Ni, Cr, Co, and Ir in meteorites. Elemental analysis forms the basis for establishment of potential molecular composition of the Dergaon meteorite. Moreover, the elemental analysis approach bodes well for in-situ analyses of extraterrestrial objects including applications in planetary rover missions.

scholarly journals Joint Discussion 10 Progress in planetary exploration missions

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
Guy Consolmagno
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Age ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

The astronomical study of planets is as old as Galileo's telescope, but in a profound way it was reborn with the advent of the Space Age. By constructing probes capable of leaving the surface of the Earth and traveling to other places in our solar system, sending back data collected from the very places that the astronomers wished to study, for the first time we were freed from the restrictions of observing astronomical objects from afar. These in-situ measurements, in their turn, have inspired countless new research projects back on Earth, from laboratory studies of materials to telescopic observations, of objects and in wavelengths now known to be of astronomical interest, thanks to those probes.

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

The Total Synthesis of Rhabdastrellic Acid A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Boyko ◽  
Christopher Huck ◽  
David Sarlah
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Linear Sequence ◽  
Generating Sequence ◽  
First Time

<div>The first total synthesis of rhabdastrellic acid A, a highly cytotoxic isomalabaricane triterpenoid, has been accomplished in a linear sequence of 14 steps from commercial geranylacetone. The prominently strained <i>trans-syn-trans</i>-perhydrobenz[<i>e</i>]indene core characteristic of the isomalabaricanes is efficiently accessed in a selective manner for the first time through a rapid, complexity-generating sequence incorporating a reductive radical polyene cyclization, an unprecedented oxidative Rautenstrauch cycloisomerization, and umpolung 𝛼-substitution of a <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonylhydrazone with in situ reductive transposition. A late-stage cross-coupling in concert with a modular approach to polyunsaturated side chains renders this a general strategy for the synthesis of numerous family members of these synthetically challenging and hitherto inaccessible marine triterpenoids.</div>

scholarly journals Engineered Phage Endolysin Eliminates Gardnerella Biofilm without Damaging Beneficial Bacteria in Bacterial Vaginosis Ex Vivo

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Christine Landlinger ◽  
Lenka Tisakova ◽  
Vera Oberbauer ◽  
Timo Schwebs ◽  
Abbas Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Enzyme ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
First Time

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an imbalance of the vaginal microbiome and a characteristic biofilm formed on the vaginal epithelium, which is initiated and dominated by Gardnerella bacteria, and is frequently refractory to antibiotic treatment. We investigated endolysins of the type 1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase encoded on Gardnerella prophages as an alternative treatment. When recombinantly expressed, these proteins demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against four different Gardnerella species. By domain shuffling, we generated several engineered endolysins with 10-fold higher bactericidal activity than any wild-type enzyme. When tested against a panel of 20 Gardnerella strains, the most active endolysin, called PM-477, showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.13–8 µg/mL. PM-477 had no effect on beneficial lactobacilli or other species of vaginal bacteria. Furthermore, the efficacy of PM-477 was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization on vaginal samples of fifteen patients with either first time or recurring bacterial vaginosis. In thirteen cases, PM-477 killed the Gardnerella bacteria and physically dissolved the biofilms without affecting the remaining vaginal microbiome. The high selectivity and effectiveness in eliminating Gardnerella, both in cultures of isolated strains as well as in clinically derived samples of natural polymicrobial biofilms, makes PM-477 a promising alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, especially in patients with frequent recurrence.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

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