Use of silkworm pupae meal as protein supplement in the nutrition of broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
Z. Ansari Pirsaraii ◽  
B. Navidshad
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Silk Industry ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Silk Worm ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Different Levels

Silkworm pupae meal is a silk industry by-product that in some countries is available as a local product. It contain up to 30% crude fat and 50% crude protein. The chemical score of silkworm pupae protein is 60 and tryptophan is its limiting amino acid. The silk worm pupae meal fat contains 25.7% linoleic acid (Udayasekhara Rao, 1994). Reddy et al (1991) reported that use of diets contain 5% 8% SWP so that replaced 50% of fish meal, lowered weight gain. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of substituting different levels of silkworm pupae (SWP) for soybean meal (SBM) in Arian (an Iranian strain) broiler rations.

scholarly journals Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chicken

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
J. P. McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Relationships ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35d were fed on a diet containing 150g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates ofin vitrolipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis.

Dietary amino acids affect intestinal Clostridium perfringens populations in broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl C Wilkie ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
Lisa J White ◽  
Bernard Laarveld ◽  
Murray D Drew
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Potato Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

An experiment was performed to examine the effect of protein source and dietary amino acid profile on intestinal levels of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (age = 14 d; n = 192) were fed diets containing 400 g kg-1 crude protein with fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal, corn gluten meal, soy protein concentrate, pea protein concentrate, or potato protein concentrate as the primary protein source along with a control diet containing 230 g kg-1 crude protein. The birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 mL (~1.0 × 108 CFU mL-1) of an overnight culture of C. perfringens between 14 and 21 d of age, killed at 28 d of age and C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum were enumerated. Birds fed fish meal, meat/bone meal, feather meal and potato protein concentrate had significantly higher intestinal C. perfringens counts than the birds fed corn gluten meal, soy or pea protein concentrates or the control diet (P < 0.05). The glycine content of the diets and ileal contents was significantly, positively correlated with C. perfringens numbers in ileum and cecum. Dietary glycine may be an important factor in the intestinal overgrowth of C. perfringens in broiler chickens. Key words: Clostridium perfringens, broiler chicken, amino acid, glycine, necrotic enteritis

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT VALUE OF POULTRY VISCERAL OFFAL MEAL IN THE DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
S. O. O. Oyewole ◽  
R. I. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Finisher Diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the replacement value of poultry visceral offal meal (PVOM) substituting for fish meal (FM) on an equal protein basis in the diets of unsexed Ross-strain broiler chickens from day-old to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and fifty birds were allotted in groups of 10 into 15 equidimensional floor pens with floor space of 0.189m2 per bird. There were three replicates per treatment diet, with 10 birds per pen serving as a replicate. Five treatment diets, each for the starter and finisher phases of 5 and 3-week duration respectively were fed ad libitum. Diet A (control) contained 8% FM which was gradually replaced with PVOM at 2,3,4,6,6,90 and 9.20% in diets B, C, D and E respectively for both phases. All the diets were isocaloric (ca 12MJ   ME/kg) for both phases and isonitrogenous with 23 and 20% dietary crude protein contents for the starter and finisher diets respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion rations (FCR) were similar (P >0.05) on all diets in support of complete substitution. However , weight gain for 8 weeks on the control diet was better (P <0.05) than those on FM/PVOM- and PVOM-diets whose weight gains were similar (P < 0.05). The mean feed intake values of 4.031, 3.936, 3.760, 3.870 and 3.715 kg/bird were obtained for birds receiving diets A,B,C,D and E respectively while the equivalent FCRs were 2.326, 2.352, 2.233, 2.326 and 2.340. The mean weight gains for birds on diets A,B,C,D and E for 8weeks were 1.824, 1.688, 1.689, 1.676 and 1.590 kg/bird respectively. The dressed weight and weight of back, drumsticks, things and wings were similar (P >0.05) for all diets in favour of complete substitution of FM with PVOM. Mean dressing percentages were 58.24 to 69.07% . It is concluded that PVOM could replace FM completely in broiler diets.   

Nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed different sources of animal protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
O. O. Egbewande
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre

One of the most important aspects of animal nutrition is digestibility of ingested materials which has a direct relationship with the health status of an animal. The effect of different fish meal alternatives (maggot, termite, grasshopper and lizard meals) on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was investigated in this 56 days feeding trial. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks (Marshal breed) were used for the study. Birds were assigned into five dietary groups of 30 chicks each and further divided into three replicates of 10 chicks each. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain 5% fish meal, maggot meal, termite meal, grasshopper meal and lizard meal in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (tagged T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 ) respectively in starter phase, while fish meal was replaced with 2.5% maggot, termite, grasshopper and lizard meals in treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively in finisher phase. The chicks were allocated into the four diets in a completely randomized design and housed in a deep litter pen with feed and water served without restriction. Results from dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract digestibility showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the test ingredients on birds. Dry matter digestibility ranged from 88.35% in birds fed T3 to 91.86% in birds fed T5 . Crude fibre followed the same trend with the lowest (70.80%) in T3 and the highest (84.83%) in T5 , but ether extract digestibility was at the opposite trend where birds fed T3 had the highest (87.14%), and those on T5 gave the lowest (80.86%). Crude protein showed significant decrease across the treatments from 86.10% in T1 to 80.88% in T5 . Ash digestibility ranged from 68.84% in T2 to 77.05% in T1 . Results on cut-up parts showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) influence on all the parameters considered except in live weight, dressed weight and breast muscle weights where there were significant (P<0.05) differences. Internal organ proportions of the broiler birds showed no significant (P>0.05) effect of the test ingredients on all the parameters considered except in abdominal fat. It can be concluded that crude protein digestibility, live weight, dressed weight and breast muscle values in birds fed T2 (maggot meal) were higher than birds fed other test ingredients and as such recommended as an alternative to fish meal.

The nutrition of the early-weaned calf VIII. The effect on nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of fish meal

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY1. All-concentrate diets containing four different levels of Peruvian (anchovy) fish meal and varying in crude protein content from 14·8% to 21·7% in dry matter were given ad libitum to 8 early-weaned Friesian calves over a live-weight range of 60–100 kg.2. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher on diets containing 21·7% and 19·4% crude protein in dry matter than on diets with 16·8% and 14·8% crude protein. Nitrogen retention as a percentage of dietary intake appeared to be less on the diet with 21·7% crude protein in dry matter than on the other diets.3. From these data it was calculated that the digestible crude protein requirement for a calf of 82 kg. live-weight gaining at 909 g. daily is between 270 and 340 g.

Intensive beef production 4. The effect on nitrogen retention of all-concentrate diets containing different levels of fish meal

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Bowers ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Crude Protein Level

SUMMARY1. All-concentrate diets given ad libitum and containing different levels of fish meal, and varying in crude protein content from 16 to 22% in dry matter were given to eight Friesian steers at 150 kg. and at 240 kg. live-weight.2. At a mean live-weight of 150 kg., the retention of nitrogen increased significantly to a maximum of 41.5 g. per day on the diet having 22% crude protein in dry matter. At 240 kg. live-weight, the maximum retention of 37 g. per day was achieved at 20% crude protein in dry matter.3. Faecal nitrogen excretion per unit of metabolic body weight was approximately constant at all protein levels and at both live-weights.4. Urinary nitrogen excretion per unit of metabolic body weight increased with increasing crude protein level in the diet and for any crude protein level was higher at 240 kg. than at 150 kg. live-weight.

scholarly journals Digestion of concentrates in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Different Levels

1. Diets of rolled barley supplemented with urea or fish meal at four different levels were given in a change-over experiment to four sheep with cannulas in the abomasum and in the terminal ileum.2. Estimates were made of the disappearance of protein, ether extractives, starch, and ash in the various segments of the alimentary canal, and of the production of volatile fatty acids when the urea supplements were given.3. The disappearance (Y, g/d) of non-ammonia crude protein from the small intestine increased with increasing protein intake (X, g/d) on the fish-meal diets according to the equation Y = 0.37X+44. There was no increase in the disappearance with the urea supplements.4. In agreement with earlier work, it was shown that faecal nitrogen excretion was influenced to a much greater extent by fermentation in the large intestine than by that in the rumen. There was an apparent synthesis of ether-extractable lipid in the rumen at rates of 21and 18 g/d with the urea and the fish-meal diets respectively.5. The energy of the volatile fatty acids produced when the urea diets were given was estimated to be 59% of the digestible energy consumed.

Use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict and compare the composition of carcass samples from young steers

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
S. J. Lister ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa ◽  
R. J. Barnes ◽  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of level of feeding and level offish-meal supplementation on the carcass composition of young steers and in doing so, to assess the potential for employing near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in such studies. In addition to wet chemical techniques, NIRS was used to examine carcass samples from animals offered silage-based diets at one of four levels of feeding ranging from near maintenance to ad libitum and with one of four levels offish meal (0, 50,100 or 150 g/kg silage dry matter).Wet chemical data indicated an increase in fat concentration (P < 0·001) and decrease in crude protein concentration (P < 0·05) in the fresh carcass in response to increasing level of feeding but no statistically significant effect of level of fish meal. Ash concentration was not affected significantly by either level of feeding or level of fish-meal supplementation. Ground, freeze-dried samples were scanned in the wavelength range 1100 to 2498 nm. Calibration equations for ash, fat and crude protein concentration (g/kg carcass) were derived using a modified partial least-squares regression technique. Equations were found to be superior for fat compared with those for crude protein and ash. Standard errors of calibration (g/kg carcass) and multiple correlation coefficients of 6·96 and 0·42, 6·61 and 0·95 and 4·36 and 0·61 were obtained for ash, fat and crude protein respectively with corresponding standard errors of cross validation of 7·71, 7·82 and 4·96 g/kg carcass respectively. Qualitative analysis of spectral information using multivariate techniques and difference spectra clearly showed differences in carcass composition resulting from the different levels of feeding and less so the different levels offish-meal supplementation.It is shown, that NIRS can be used both quantitatively and qualitatively to study the effects of nutrition on carcass composition.

scholarly journals Digestion of concentrates in sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Orskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

1. In one experiment according to a latin square design five sheep with fistulas in the abomasum and terminal ileum were given diets based on barley. Five diets were compared, one without protein supplementation, two with different levels of fish meal and two with combinations of fish meal and urea.2. The amount of non-ammonia crude protein passing through the abomasum and removed from the small intestine increased linearly with fish-meal supplementation but the only effect of supplementation with urea was to increase the crude protein removed before the abomasum. It was concluded that urea did not appear to have a sparing effect on the degradation of dietary protein.3. Seventy-eight lambs were used in a second experiment. They were given thirteen diets made up from a basal barley diet and different combinations of fish meal and urea.4. Digestibility of organic matter and efficiency of food conversion increased with each level of fish-meal supplementation. The effects of urea supplementation on organic matter digestibility and efficiency of food conversion depended upon the level of fish meal in the diet and at the highest level of fish-meal supplementation there were no effects.5. The maximum digestibility of organic matter (about 820 g/kg) could be achieved both with urea alone and fish meal alone and was attained at a lower level of nitrogen in the diet with urea. In contrast, the maximum food conversion efficiency that could be achieved with a fish-meal supplement was much greater than could be obtained with a supplement of urea alone.

scholarly journals Crude protein and supplemental dietary tryptophan effects on growth and tissue neurotransmitterlevels in the broiler chicken

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W Rosebrough
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Hplc Separation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Levels

Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing 120,210 and 300 g crude protein/kg diet and 0, 1–67 or 16·7 g added tryptophan (TRP)/kg diet. The hypothesis tested was that crude protein levels and TRP would affect both growth and neurotransmitter metabolism. Heart, brain and pancreatic neurotransmitter (noradrenaline (NA), dopamine(DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were determined by HPLC separation and electrochemical detection. Malate dehydrogenase (2-oxoglntarate decarboxylating) (NADP+) (MDH(NADP+); EC 1.1.1.40), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (ICD(NADP+); EC 1.1.1.42) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) activities were also measured. Supplemental TRP decreased growth and feed intake. Increasing dietary crude protein decreased MDH(NADP+), but increased (ICD(NADP+) and AAT activities. Additional dietary TRP decreased MDH(NADP+) activity, but had no effect on other enzyme activities. Cardiac NA concentrations were directly related to dietary crude protein levels while pancreatic levels were inversely related. An increase in dietary crude protein decreased both brain NA and DA. Supplemental dietary TRP increased both 5- HIAA and 5-HT. Changes in feed intake caused by different levels of botb dietary crude protein and TRP are accompanied by altered levels of neurotransmitters. The present study indicates that much arger amounts of TRP are required to make simultaneous changes in feed intake and neurotransmitters.

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