Effects of protein supplementation on anorexia and expression of immunity in parasitized periparturient ewes of two different breeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
K. Zaralis ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
J.G.M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
High Production

The breakdown of acquired immunity during the periparturient period in the ewe can be reduced by metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation (Houdijk et al 2001). Recent evidence suggests that the development of immune response results in reduced food intake (anorexia) in many disease models (Materase et al, 2005). However, it is not known whether an immune response following the periparturient relaxation of immunity is associated with a reduction in food intake and whether this is affected by protein supplementation in parasitized ewes. In addition, differences in nutrient partitioning between sheep breeds that differ in production potential may affect the ability of the hosts to express immunity and this may be reflected by differences in their magnitude and/or duration of anorexia. The aim of the present study was to test the hypotheses that: a) nematode infection during the periparturient period results in anorexia and protein supplementation can effect the degree of anorexia in ewes, and b) ewes of a high production potential breed show higher breakdown of acquired immunity than ewes of a low production potential breed, and exhibit higher degree of anorexia.

scholarly journals Consequences of protein supplementation for anorexia, expression of immunity and plasma leptin concentrations in parasitized ewes of two breeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Zaralis ◽  
Bert J. Tolkamp ◽  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Alastair R. G. Wylie ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) against parasites in ewes has a nutritional basis. We investigated whether ewes experience a reduction in food intake (anorexia) during PPRI and if the magnitude of anorexia is affected by host production potential and dietary protein supplementation. We also investigated whether nematode infection is linked to plasma leptin concentrations in periparturient ewes. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Two breeds of twin-bearing/lactating ewes (Greyface cross, G (n 32) and Scottish Blackface, B (n 32)) were used. Half of the ewes were trickle infected with 30 000 larvae of the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta per week and the other half were not. During the experiment, all ewes had ad libitum access to a low-protein diet that provided less protein than the recommended allowance. In addition, half of the ewes received a protein supplement that resulted in protein intakes that exceeded recommendations. Nematode infection resulted in a breakdown of immunity to parasites and a reduction in food intake in both breeds. The breeds differed in the extent of PPRI (G ewes having higher faecal egg counts than B ewes), but not in the magnitude of anorexia. Protein supplementation resulted in a reduction in faecal egg counts, but had no effect on the magnitude of anorexia. Plasma leptin concentrations changed significantly over time, but were not affected by protein supplementation or infection. It is concluded that infection with T. circumcincta in periparturient ewes results in anorexia that is not alleviated by protein supplementation and seems unrelated to plasma leptin concentrations.

Effects of secondary nematode infection on anorexia and leptin levels in growing lambs of two different breeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
K. Zaralis ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.G.M Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
High Production ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Models Of Disease

A primary infection of a parasite naïve animal has detrimental effects on intake (anorexia), which in turn results in impaired animal productivity. Recent studies have indicated that anorexia in nematode infected lambs is a direct consequence of the acquisition of immunity (Greer et al., 2005). In many models of disease, immune system activation results in elevated leptin levels and these have been associated with anorexia. However, whether the expression of acquired immunity following a secondary nematode infection results in elevated leptin levels and/or anorexia in growing lambs it is not known. In addition, it is not known whether the expression of acquired immunity differs between breeds that differ in production potential. The aim of the present study was to test the hypotheses a) that a secondary nematode infection results in increased leptin levels and anorexia in growing lambs and b) that lambs of a high production potential breed exhibit a higher degree of anorexia than lambs of a low production potential.

scholarly journals Pre-Sleep Casein Supplementation, Metabolism, and Appetite: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Justin Dela Cruz ◽  
David Kahan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Timing ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
New Research

Protein intake is an important factor for augmenting the response to resistance training in healthy individuals. Although food intake can help with anabolism during the day, the period of time during sleep is typically characterized by catabolism and other metabolic shifts. Research on the application of nighttime casein protein supplementation has introduced a new research paradigm related to protein timing. Pre-sleep casein supplementation has been attributed to improved adaptive response by skeletal muscle to resistance training through increases in muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass, and strength. However, it remains unclear what the effect of this nutritional strategy is on non-muscular parameters such as metabolism and appetite in both healthy and unhealthy populations. The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the effects of pre-sleep casein protein on energy expenditure, lipolysis, appetite, and food intake in both healthy and overweight or obese individuals. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane, and SPORTDiscus during March 2021, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. A summary of the main findings shows limited to no effects on metabolism or appetite when ingesting 24–48 g of casein 30 min before sleep, but data are limited, and future research is needed to clarify the relationships observed.

PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND BREEDING SCHEMES OF SOME MEDITERRANEAN DAIRY SHEEP BREEDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Zervas ◽  
J. Hatziminaoglou ◽  
J. Boyazoglu ◽  
A. Georgoudis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
The Mediterranean

SUMMARYExaminded are some of the most important dairy sheep breeds, among the great diversity of the Mediterranean sheep population, by focusing on their phenotypic characteristics, their productive and reproductive potential as well as on the management practices and systems of testing. Information is also given on their genetic parameters, with emphasis on heritability coefficients, and the range of respective selection and breeding schemes, applied under their particular husbandry conditions.

scholarly journals Edaphic characteristics of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) forests in the Visegrad area

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Velibor Blagojevic ◽  
Milan Knezevic ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Marijana Kapovic-Solomun ◽  
Radovan Lucic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
High Production ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Forest Habitats

This paper presents the results of soil research in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) forest communities in the Visegrad area, carried out to determine the basic soil characteristics and eco-production potential of forest habitats as an important basis and framework for the successful management of these forests on the principles of sustainable development. Austrian pine forests in this region are an important and ecologically valuable community. The complexity of the geological structure and relief dynamics are dominant environmental factors that condition the expressed variability of soils in the study area. Forest communities of Austrian pine are formed on the peridotites and serpentinites, eutric ranker (haplic leptosol), eutric cambisol (haplic cambisols) and pseudogley (haplic planosol), dense granular and marl limestones calcomelanosol (mollic leptosol), rendzina (rendzic leptosol) and calcocambisol (leptic cambisol). The productivity of these soils is highly correlated with depth and texture composition, and the impact of these factors is linked with soil type, climate and other site conditions. In the research area, soil types with low production potential such as rankers, rendzinas, limestone and dolomite calcomelanosol are dominant. Deeper variants of eutric cambisol, pseudogley and calcocambisol can be classified as soils with moderate to high production potential.

The immune response and the evaluation of acquired immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle: a review

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CLAEREBOUT ◽  
J. VERCRUYSSE
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Iga Response

The present review discusses the immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and the different immunological and parasitological parameters used to assess acquired immunity. Measuring acquired immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle (e.g. for the evaluation of candidate parasite vaccines) is hampered by the limited understanding of bovine immune responses against gastrointestinal parasites. In this paper the available data on protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes, and especially Ostertagia ostertagi, in cattle are compared with the current knowledge of protective immune responses against gastrointestinal nematodes in rodent models and small ruminants. In contrast to the immune response in mice, which is controlled by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and results in mast cell- or goblet cell- mediated expulsion of adult worms, bovine immune responses to O. ostertagi do not show a clear Th2 cytokine profile, nor do they result in rapid expulsion of the parasite. The first manifestation of immunity to O. ostertagi in calves is a reduction of worm fecundity, possibly regulated by the local IgA response. Worm numbers are only reduced after a prolonged period of host–parasite contact, and there are indications that O. ostertagi actively suppresses the host's immune response. Until the mechanisms of protective immunity against O. ostertagi are revealed, the use of immunological parameters to estimate acquired immunity in cattle is based on their correlation with parasitological parameters and on extrapolation from rodent and small ruminant models. Assessing the resistance of calves against a challenge infection by means of parasitological parameters is probably still the most accurate way to measure acquired immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes.

High Production Well Operating Plant in a Traditional Design: Piping & Instrumentation Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Luiza Barbosa da Costa Veiga ◽  
Antonio Jose Renno Chaves ◽  
Breno De Souza e Silva ◽  
Ivan Noville Rocha Correa Lima ◽  
Ilvan Porto Jr Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Potential ◽  
Great Expectation ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Full Production ◽  
High Production ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Very High ◽  
Operating Plant

Abstract During the exploration design phase of recent pre-salt development in Santos Basin, it was identified great potential for the production of some wells, generating great expectation by how it would perform in the production phase, above the average of 30,000 bpd. The Subsea and Topside design were developed based on this expectation and therefore, diameters were limited considering the premises of 45,000 bpd production from the well to the FPSO. As a result of first oil production the expectation not only became a reality but also was largely supersede, confirming a very high production potential of up to 65,000 bpd per well, some of which are at the world top list of highest production wells for deep and ultra-deep waters. Despite the outstanding high potential of the well, full production was then, not able to be achieved due to limitations considered in the design's premises of 45,000 bpd per well, what overcome the already great expectation. In this scenario, there was intense effort to make the real production potential of the wells viable. To fit the design to the new dynamic flow conditions, a multidisciplinary technical assessment team was mobilized involving several disciplines such as: Subsea Equipment, Wells, Risers, Process, Piping, Instrumentation and Automation, in addition to Operational Safety, a non-negotiable value. After technical discussions between those different disciplines, alternative proposals were raised that could make possible a safe operation under this new challenging condition. The defined actions were implemented and currently the wells already operate on high levels of production. On the FPSO with those high production wells, due to this individual increase in the production, whose potentials exceed by 45% the design capacity, generating a significant increase in the profitability of the asset, contributing to revenues anticipation in the company's cash flow. This article presents the piping and instrumentation study to deal with a high flow velocity issue. The methodology adopted to overcome the challenges in vibration and erosion considered an unusual design approach, leading to some field test to check the effectiveness of the solution. This alternative approach allowed this increment in production rate per well piping branch.

scholarly journals Effects of Intranasal Administration of a Leptin-Secreting Lactococcus lactis Recombinant on Food Intake, Body Weight, and Immune Response of Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (16) ◽  
pp. 5300-5307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán ◽  
Sébastien Nouaille ◽  
Vladimir Zilberfarb ◽  
Gérard Corthier ◽  
Alexandra Gruss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
E7 Antigen

ABSTRACT Leptin is an adipocyte-derived pleiotropic hormone that modulates a large number of physiological functions, including control of body weight and regulation of the immune system. In this work, we show that a recombinant strain of the food-grade lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis (LL-lep) can produce and efficiently secrete human leptin. The secreted leptin is a fully biologically active hormone, as demonstrated by its capacity to stimulate a STAT3 reporter gene in HEK293 cells transfected with the Ob-Rb leptin receptor. The immunomodulatory activity of leptin-secreting L. lactis was evaluated in vivo by coexpression with the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. In C57BL/6 mice immunized intranasally with a recombinant L. lactis strain coproducing leptin and E7 antigen, the adaptive immune response was significantly higher than in mice immunized with recombinant L. lactis producing only E7 antigen, demonstrating adjuvanticity of leptin. We then analyzed the effects of intranasally administered LL-lep in obese ob/ob mice. We observed that daily administration of LL-lep to these mice significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake. These results demonstrate that leptin can be produced and secreted in an active form by L. lactis and that leptin-producing L. lactis regulates in vivo antigen-specific immune responses, as well as body weight and food consumption.

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