scholarly journals A palynological study from Sweden reveals stable terrestrial environments during Late Silurian extreme marine conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Mehlqvist ◽  
Jane Wigforss-Lange ◽  
Vivi Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Conodont Stratigraphy ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Palynological Study

ABSTRACTA palynological study of the upper Silurian Öved–Ramsåsa Group in Skåne, Sweden yields a well preserved spore assemblage with low relative abundances of marine microfossils. In total, 26 spore taxa represented by 15 genera were identified. The spore assemblage is dominated by long-ranging cryptospore taxa, and the trilete spore Ambitisporites avitus-dilutus. However, key-species identified include Artemopyra radiata, Hispanaediscus lamontii, H. major, H. verrucatus, Scylaspora scripta and Synorisporites cf. libycus. Importantly, Scylaspora klintaensis was identified, allowing correlation with the Klinta 1 drillcore (Skåne). A Ludlow age is inferred for the exposed succession, which agrees well with previous conodont stratigraphy. The organic residue is dominated by phytodebris and spores, but with high relative abundances of acritarchs at two levels, possibly related to flooding surfaces.Based on the palynofacies analysis, a near-shore marine environment is proposed. The close proximity to land is inferred by the high proportions of spores, and the dispersed assemblage most likely represents the local flora growing on delta plains. The palynological signal also infers a stable terrestrial environment and vegetation, in contrast to unstable conditions in the marine environment characterised by ooid formation in an evaporitic environment. Comparisons with coeval spore assemblages from Gotland, Avalonia and Laurentia show relatively close similarities in taxonomic composition at the generic level.

scholarly journals Toward More Integrated Utilizations of Geostationary Satellite Data for Disaster Management and Risk Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Atsushi Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Fine Spatial Resolution ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Third-generation geostationary meteorological satellites (GEOs), such as Himawari-8/9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R Series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), and Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), provide advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements of the Earth’s weather, oceans, and terrestrial environments at high-frequency intervals. Third-generation GEOs also significantly improve capabilities by increasing the number of observation bands suitable for environmental change detection. This review focuses on the significantly enhanced contribution of third-generation GEOs for disaster monitoring and risk mitigation, focusing on atmospheric and terrestrial environment monitoring. In addition, to demonstrate the collaboration between GEOs and Low Earth orbit satellites (LEOs) as supporting information for fine-spatial-resolution observations required in the event of a disaster, the landfall of Typhoon No. 19 Hagibis in 2019, which caused tremendous damage to Japan, is used as a case study.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM PERKULIAHAN BIOLOGI KONSERVASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Evi Apriana ◽  
Achmad Munandar ◽  
Nuryani Y Rustaman ◽  
Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has never been used in learning. Incorporating Acehnese local wisdom into the study of conservation biology will greatly assist the process of raising awareness among students and the community about the importance of nature conservation, being able to clarify customary rules and rules about human relations with the natural environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach to improve environmental literacy and conservation measures. This study aimed to collect information relating to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach through lectures that examine issues of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh. This research applies qualitative research design (Qualitative Research), conducted the analysis of the development related to environmental issues and Acehnese local wisdom. From the analysis of the results showed that the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has the characteristics (lectures studying the problems of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh; learning Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach effective, integrated in the lectures and field activities to clarify the learning in the classroom; emphasis on the ability of the knowledge and skills that students care about the forest and terrestrial environment, develop environmental literacy and conservation measures are real), component (using a variety of learning methods and media), structure (meetings, concepts and sub concepts, learning process, learning objectives, learning strategies, billing tasks, and extra activities), and evaluation (procedures and evaluation tools: evaluation process using lectures observation, evaluation of learning outcomes using test (environmental literacy), and conservation measures using guidelines observation conservation measures). Abstrak Pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh belum pernah digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Memasukkan kearifan lokal Aceh ke dalam pembelajaran biologi konservasi akan sangat membantu proses penyadartahuan mahasiswa dan masyarakat tentang arti penting pelestarian alam, dapat memperjelas aturan-aturan adat dan kaidah-kaidah tentang hubungan manusia dengan alam lingkungannya. Dengan demikian sangat diperlukan adanya pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh melalui kegiatan perkuliahan yang mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh. Penelitian ini menerapkan desain penelitian kualitatif (Qualitative Research), dilakukan analisis pengembangan yang berhubungan dengan isu-isu lingkungan dan kearifan lokal Aceh. Dari analisis pengembangan ini diperoleh hasil bahwa program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh mempunyai karakteristik (kegiatan perkuliahan mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh; pembelajaran dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh yang efektif, terintegrasi dalam perkuliahan dan kegiatan lapangan yang dapat memperjelas pembelajaran di kelas; menekankan pada kemampuan pengetahuan dan keterampilan agar mahasiswa peduli terhadap hutan dan lingkungan terestrial; mengembangkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi secara nyata), komponen (menggunakan metode dan media pembelajaran yang bervariasi), struktur (pertemuan, konsep dan sub konsep, proses pembelajaran, tujuan pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran, tagihan tugas, dan kegiatan ekstra), dan evaluasi (prosedur dan alat evaluasi: evaluasi proses menggunakan pedoman observasi kegiatan perkuliahan, evaluasi hasil belajar menggunakan tes (literasi lingkungan), dan tindakan konservasi menggunakan pedoman observasi tindakan konservasi). Kata kunci:     pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi, pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh, isu-isu lingkungan, literasi lingkungan, tindakan konservasi

Diversity patterns in subarctic stream benthic invertebrate assemblages from the Sahtu Settlement Area, Northwest Territories, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vinke ◽  
A.S. Medeiros ◽  
D.J. Giberson
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblages

Benthic invertebrate assemblages were studied across four streams in the Sahtu Settlement Region of the Northwest Territories between July 2010 and October 2011 to provide information on biotic composition and associations with habitat and temporal factors. Overall diversity was similar for all streams, although taxonomic composition varied among the streams. Within streams, richness was highest in riffle and snag (woody debris) habitats and lowest in pools and leafpacks. A substantial portion of taxa (∼25%) would have been missed if only riffles had been sampled. Nearly 88% of individuals belonged to eight taxa, with >60% of individuals found in only two families (Chironomidae and Baetidae). While high within-family diversity was observed, samples were also characterized by large numbers of rare taxa, with large temporal differences in abundances. Future benthic assessments in northern streams would benefit from increased sampling effort to ensure representative samples for comparing streams or sites and approaches that target dominant families in the north (e.g., Chironomidae), which can provide a great deal of information on biodiversity when examined at the generic level. Likewise, further analysis of the seasonal compositional turnover for some assemblages may be necessary to distinguish anthropogenic responses from natural variability.

Understanding Effects of OAE 2 in the Marginal-marine Environment: A Multi-proxy approach from Bagh Beds, Western India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Ranjan Sahu ◽  
Sohom Roy ◽  
Prasanta Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Western India ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Carbon Reservoir

<p>The Cenomanian-Turonian (C/T) Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) at ~94 million years ago was characterized by severe depletion in marine water oxygen levels and extreme perturbations in the carbon cycle at a global scale that lasted for 5 to 6-million years. However, wealth of the data comes mainly from deep marine records, hugely limiting our understanding on the contemporaneous terrestrial environmental conditions. Here, we present major and trace element concentrations, carbon isotope composition of carbonates (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>) and organic matter (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk</sub>), organic carbon content (TOC), and biomarker composition from a ~20 m thick well-preserved shallow marine sequence from the Bagh Beds in Uchad, western India in order to investigate the nutrient dynamics, productivity variations and carbon reservoir perturbations in shallow marine as well as in terrestrial environment. Based on litho-stratigraphy, the Uchad section is divided into Lower Cenomanian, Turonian and Upper Coniacian units. A total of ~5‰ increase in the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and 0.07% in TOC values and a sharp 1.7‰ decrease in the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk </sub>values in Lower Cenomanian suggest large changes in organic carbon recycling before the advent of OAE 2. Higher terrigenous influx and micro-nutrient supply in the lower parts is also suggested from relatively higher concentrations of Al, Ti, Th, Fe, Zn, Ni and K, although their concentrations decrease rapidly above the C/T boundary. Significant correlation observed between δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> (r=0.51, p=0.03) supports an authigenic organic matter production in the shallow marine environment. However, minor enrichments in redox-sensitive elements like Mo, V and U observed above the C/T boundary probably suggest that the shallow marine region was relatively less affected during the initial anoxic phases. Lack of correlation between redox-sensitive elements and Al or Ti concentrations (r <0.12) suggest that there is minimal influence of detrital supply on recycling of U, V and Mo. Interestingly, Lower Turonian units show large positive excursions in redox-sensitive elements as well as increases in U/Th, Ni/Co and V/(V+Ni) values, which are succeeded by a major decrease in δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb </sub>values (7.6‰) and increase in the TOC values by 0.15%, thereby suggesting occurrence of a more expanded episode of anoxia in Lower Turonian that perturbed the shallow marine carbon reservoir. Ba/Al ratios are variable throughout the section, although large positive spikes preceding and succeeding the anoxic phases suggest a causal link between organic matter productivity and anoxia.</p>

Exploring the Growing Role of Terrestrial Carbon Across North Atlantic Fjords

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Smeaton ◽  
William Austin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial ◽  
Fjord Sediments

<p>Fjords are recognized as globally significant hotspots for the burial (Smith et al., 2015) and long-term storage (Smeaton et al., 2017) of marine and terrestrially derived organic carbon (OC). By trapping and locking away OC over geological timescales, fjord sediments provide a potentially important yet largely overlooked climate regulation service. The proximity of fjords to the terrestrial environment in combination with their geomorphology and hydrography results in the fjordic sediments being subsidized with organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial environment. This terrestrial OC (OC<sub>terr</sub>) transferred to the marine environment has traditionally be considered lost to the atmosphere in the form of CO<sub>2</sub> in most carbon (C) accounting schemes yet globally it is estimated that 55% of OC trapped in fjord sediments is derived from terrestrial sources (Cui et al., 2016). So is this terrestrial OC truly lost? Here, we estimate the quantity of OC<sub>terr</sub> held within North Atlantic fjords with the aim of better understanding the recent and long-term role of the terrestrial environment in the evolution of these globally significant sedimentary OC stores. By understanding this subsidy of OC from the terrestrial to the marine environment we can take the first steps in quantifying the terrestrial OC stored in fjords and the wider coastal marine environment.</p><p>Cui, X., Bianchi, T.S., Savage, C. and Smith, R.W., 2016. Organic carbon burial in fjords: Terrestrial versus marine inputs. <em>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</em>, <em>451</em>, pp.41-50.</p><p>Smeaton, C., Austin, W.E., Davies, A., Baltzer, A., Howe, J.A. and Baxter, J.M., 2017. Scotland's forgotten carbon: a national assessment of mid-latitude fjord sedimentary stocks. <em>Biogeosciences</em>.</p><p>Smith, R.W., Bianchi, T.S., Allison, M., Savage, C. and Galy, V., 2015. High rates of organic carbon burial in fjord sediments globally. <em>Nature Geoscience</em>, <em>8</em>(6), p.450.</p><p> </p>

The Taxonomic Composition of the Arthropod Fauna Associated With an Australian Rain-Forest Tree

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Basset
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Canopy Fogging ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
Faunistic Composition

The composition of the arthropod fauna foraging within the canopy of Argyrodendron actinophyllum Edlin (Sterculiaceae) in a subtropical rainforest near Brisbane, Australia, was investigated during a 2-year field study. Collecting methods included flight interception traps, restricted canopy fogging, and hand-collecting. Over 50 000 canopy arthropods were collected and about 760 species sorted, from which 660 were identified at least to the generic level by taxonomists. The arthropod fauna of A. actinophyllum is characterised by the abundance of Clubionidae, Theridiidae, Psylloidea, Phlaeothripidae, Chrysomelidae, Corylophidae, Curculionidae and Braconidae, and by the scarcity of Empididae, Symphyta, Ichneumonidae and Formicidae. The major determinants of the composition of the arboreal fauna are discussed, including biogeographical and historical constraints, rainforest mesoclimate and host phenology, host architecture and biochemistry, and intrinsic composition of the foliicolous fauna. The faunistic composition of this subtropical rainforest tree species exhibits several features common to both temperate trees (such as the high numbers of homopterans and spiders and the limited populations of arboreal ants) and tropical rainforest trees (such as the large beetle populations and the high orthopteran biomass).

Water column euxinia and wildfire evidence during deposition of the Upper Famennian Hangenberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)

2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESZEK MARYNOWSKI ◽  
PAWEŁ FILIPIAK
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Amorphous Organic Matter

A palynological study of the uppermost Famennian section from Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland) allowed recognition of two miospore zones: LV (Retispora lepidophyta–Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) and LN (Retispora lepidophyta–Verrucosisporites nitidus). Based on palynology and sedimentology, the black shale within the upper part of the section is identified as equivalent to the Hangenberg Black Shale, which is known globally. This black shale contains compounds characteristic of photic zone euxinia, including isorenieratane and its derivatives. Such compounds are absent in the organic-poor marls and shales occurring below the LN Zone, and are present only as traces in the layers just above the black shale, indicating fluctuations in the oxygen minimum zone during uppermost Famennian sedimentation. Palynofacies show high amounts of amorphous organic matter and prasinophyte concentrations in the black shale, and a subsequent significant decrease of amorphous organic matter concomitant with a rapid increase of terrestrial input (mainly miospores with common tetrads) in the layers above the black shale. This supports the relatively rapid change in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton caused by fluctuations of the chemocline. The whole succession corresponds to one sea-level rise and fall. The presence of high concentrations of peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and large amounts of small charcoal particles at the Hangenberg event horizon indicate the occurrence of wildfires. Such observations suggest that atmospheric O22 levels had exceeded the critical threshold of 13 %, above which wildfires may occur, by latest Famennian time.

scholarly journals Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Visconti ◽  
Caroline I. Le Roy ◽  
Fabio Rosa ◽  
Niccolo Rossi ◽  
Tiphaine C. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Key Species

AbstractThe human gut is inhabited by a complex and metabolically active microbial ecosystem regulating host health. While many studies have focused on the effect of individual microbial taxa, the metabolic potential of the entire gut microbial ecosystem has been largely under-explored. We characterised the gut microbiome of 1,004 twins via whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing (average 39M reads per sample). We observed greater similarity, across unrelated individuals, for functional metabolic pathways (82%) than for taxonomic composition (43%). We conducted a microbiota-wide association study linking both taxonomic information and microbial metabolic pathways with 673 blood and 713 faecal metabolites (Metabolon, Inc.). Metabolic pathways associated with 34% of blood and 95% of faecal metabolites, with over 18,000 significant associations, while species-level results identified less than 3,000 associations, suggesting that coordinated action of multiple taxa is required to affect the metabolome. Finally, we estimated that the microbiome mediated a crosstalk between 71% of faecal and 15% of blood metabolites, highlighting six key species (unclassified Subdoligranulum spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia inulinivorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Eubacterium rectale, and Akkermansia muciniphila). Because of the large inter-person variability in microbiome composition, our results underline the importance of studying gut microbial metabolic pathways rather than focusing purely on taxonomy to find therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

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