scholarly journals Commentary: Nuancing the Meaning of Cultural Diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Cristina Jayme Montiel ◽  
Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mental Problems

The featured articles in the section on cultural diversity across the Pacific address important cultural issues in psychology as applied to psychopathology (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), intercultural relations and acculturation (Berry, 2011) and the phenomenon of culture shock (Furnham, 2011). We appreciate how the three articles offer a wide multidisciplinary lens and view mental problems from this broader vantage point. Beyond narratives of biology and individual personality dispositions, the authors include an anthropologists' eye to viewing mental illness (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), use sociological explanations of intergroup relations in a multicultural model of acculturation (Berry, 2011) and refer to demographic migration patterns to elucidate culture shock among foreign students (Furnham, 2011). The contribution of this set of writings lies in its insightful emphasis on how culture interfaces with one's subjective life. Our essay unpacks the cultural lens used in the psychological accounts, points out conceptual spaces that are largely unexplored in cross-cultural psychology (something that is observed and lamented by these authors in their articles here and elsewhere) and suggests avenues for future research about cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Commentary: Nuancing the Meaning of Cultural Diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Jayme Montiel ◽  
Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mental Problems

The featured articles in the section on cultural diversity across the Pacific address important cultural issues in psychology as applied to psychopathology (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), intercultural relations and acculturation (Berry, 2011) and the phenomenon of culture shock (Furnham, 2011). We appreciate how the three articles offer a wide multidisciplinary lens and view mental problems from this broader vantage point. Beyond narratives of biology and individual personality dispositions, the authors include an anthropologists' eye to viewing mental illness (Marsella & Yamada, 2011), use sociological explanations of intergroup relations in a multicultural model of acculturation (Berry, 2011) and refer to demographic migration patterns to elucidate culture shock among foreign students (Furnham, 2011). The contribution of this set of writings lies in its insightful emphasis on how culture interfaces with one's subjective life. Our essay unpacks the cultural lens used in the psychological accounts, points out conceptual spaces that are largely unexplored in cross-cultural psychology (something that is observed and lamented by these authors in their articles here and elsewhere) and suggests avenues for future research about cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Commentary on Cultural Diversity Across the Pacific: The Dominance of Western Theories, Models, Research and Practice in Psychology

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
The Common

The three featured articles in the December 2010 section on cultural diversity across the Pacific address important cultural issues in psychology. Berry (2010) applied these issues to intercultural relations and acculturation, Furnham (2010) to culture shock, and Marsella and Yamada (2010) to psychopathology. The common theme among these articles was the Western-centric dominance of psychology's research, theories, models and practice, in part because of structural discrimination such as ethnocentric curricula, policies and teaching methods within academic institutions. In Aotearoa New Zealand, including mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and kaupapa Māori (Māori philosophy) within curricula for clinical psychology has started to address that Western-centric dominance, but more importantly, resulted in more culturally safe and responsive psychological services being provided to Māori users of those services. The present commentary suggested that including and integrating more cross-cultural and indigenous knowledge into the tertiary curricula of applied psychology fields, such as clinical, industrial-organisational, and coaching psychology would be one way to counter the Western-centric dominance.

scholarly journals Commentary on Furnham's Culture Shock, Berry's Acculturation Theory, and Marsella and Yamada's Indigenous Psychopathology: Being a Call to Action for Pacific Rim Psychology

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
James H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Acculturation Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

The three articles in this special edition of the Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology encompass a range of approaches within cross-cultural psychology. Adrian Furnham's (2011) culture shock shows how academic psychology can be applied to, and helps to inform a popular concept. John Berry's (2011) acculturation theory demonstrates how focused theory and empirical data can align with a national agenda. Anthony J. Marsella and Ann Marie Yamada's (2011) socioconstructionist critique of mainstream clinical psychology and psychiatric practices illustrate how epistemology and indigenous psychology can challenge institutional practices. They are united in rejecting a culture-blind psychology of the mainstream. They differ by referencing largely separate but nonetheless complementary literatures on cultures of relevance to the Pacific Rim region. Taken together, these three articles combine meaningfully to illustrate how Pacific Rim psychology might benefit from having (1) a definition of itself with Hawaii and the Pacific Island Nations as the centre and hub for the broader Pacific Rim that includes East Asia and the Western American seaboard; (2) a focus on action, particularly action research and its cyclical communication process of planning, action, evaluation and feedback; and (3) an interdisciplinary orientation where interconnectedness with such institutions as mass media, government, and clinical and psychiatric practices, as well as within psychology itself, underpin and inform research practice and policy.

Cross-Cultural Issues for Foreign Students

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Helaine Minkus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Critical Issues

Foreign students studying in the United States, who now number 330,000, confront several critical issues and a host of specific problems. The differences in food, dress, interaction patterns and language may contribute to an attack of culture shock soon after arrival. But even after the initial adjustment to the environment has been accomplished with reasonable success, various issues may continue to be bothersome throughout the student's sojourn.

scholarly journals The use of nocturnal flights for barrier crossing in a diurnally migrating songbird

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie D. Lavallée ◽  
Saeedeh Bani Assadi ◽  
Alicia M. Korpach ◽  
James D. Ray ◽  
Jason D. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Barrier Crossing ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Diurnal Migrant ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Background The migration patterns of land birds can generally be divided into those species that migrate principally during the day and those that migrate during the night. Some species may show individual plasticity in the use of day or night flight, particularly when crossing large, open-water or desert barriers. However, individual plasticity in circadian patterns of migratory flights in diurnally migrating songbirds has never been investigated. Methods We used high precision GPS tracking of a diurnal, migratory swallow, the purple martin (Progne subis), to determine whether individuals were flexible in their spring migration strategies to include some night flight, particularly at barrier crossing. Results Most (91%) of individuals made large (sometimes > 1000 km), open-water crossings of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico that included the use of night flight. 32% of all water crossings were initiated at night, demonstrating that night flight is not only used to complete large crossings but may confer other advantages for diurnal birds. Birds were not more likely to initiate crossings with supportive winds, however crossings were more likely when they reduced travel distances. Our results are consistent with diurnal birds using night flight to help achieve time- and energy-savings through ‘short cuts’ at barrier crossings, at times and locations when foraging opportunities are not available. Conclusions Overall, our results demonstrate the use of nocturnal flight and a high degree of individual plasticity in migration strategies on a circadian scale in a species generally considered to be a diurnal migrant. Nocturnal flights at barrier crossing may provide time and energy savings where foraging opportunities are low in an otherwise diurnal strategy. Future research should target how diel foraging and refueling strategies support nocturnal flights and barrier crossing in this and other diurnal species.

Spousal order of migration, gender, and hospitalization among immigrants in Denmark

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482094472
Author(s):  
Jennifer Caputo ◽  
Angela Carollo ◽  
Eleonora Mussino ◽  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Event History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Gendered Migration ◽  
Study Base

Background: Certain migration contexts that may help clarify immigrants’ health needs are understudied, including the order in which married individuals migrate. Research shows that men, who are healthier than women across most populations, often migrate to a host country before women. Using Danish register data, we investigate descriptive patterns in the order that married men and women arrive in Denmark, as well as whether migration order is related to overnight hospitalizations. Methods: The study base includes married immigrants who lived in Denmark between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2014 ( N = 13,680). We use event history models to examine the influence of spousal migration order on hospitalizations. Results: The order that married individuals arrive in Denmark is indeed highly gendered, with men tending to arrive first, and varies by country of origin. Risk of hospitalization after age 50 does not depend on whether an individual migrated before, after, or at the same time as their spouse among either men or women. However, among those aged 18+, men migrating before their wives are more likely to experience hospitalizations within the first 5 years of arrival. Conclusions: These findings provide the first key insights about gendered migration patterns in Denmark. Although spousal order of migration is not related to overnight hospitalization among women, our findings provide preliminary evidence that men age 18+ who are first to arrive experience more hospitalization events in the following 5 years. Future research should explore additional outcomes and whether other gendered migration contexts are related to immigrants’ health.

I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Yoon ◽  
Patrick T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Quasi Experiment

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.

Retail blues in black and white: an emerging market context

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1002-1025
Author(s):  
Pallavi Pandey ◽  
Saumya Singh ◽  
Pramod Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Front End

Purpose Research investigating turnover intention among frontline employees in the Indian retail industry is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to explore factors affecting withdrawal cognitions among front-end retail employees in India. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the factors responsible for developing turnover intentions among the front-end employees. Data were analyzed using the ground theory approach. Findings Qualitative investigation revealed nine factors (abusive supervision, favoritism, perceived job image, insufficient pay, work exhaustion, perceived unethical climate, organization culture shock, staff shortage and job dissatisfaction) are responsible for developing turnover intention among front-end employees in the Indian retail industry. Originality/value The study uncovers antecedents of turnover intention among front-end employees in the relatively neglected Indian retail sector through a qualitative technique. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations and direction for future research are discussed.

Poverty and adolescent developmental outcomes: a critical review

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet T.Y. Leung ◽  
Daniel T.L. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Family Processes ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reviews the impact of poverty on adolescent developmental outcomes. Based on a review of the literature, the impact of poverty on the psychological development of adolescents, the pathways through which poverty operates, and the protective factors of adolescents from the impact of poverty are outlined. The review showed conceptual problems in the literature, including the neglect of attention paid to cultural diversity and intervening processes between poverty and child developmental outcomes. This review also highlights methodological challenges, including the lack of longitudinal and qualitative studies in the field and the problems of using single informant perspective to study dynamic family processes. Recommendations for directions of future research are offered.

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