Prenatal growth and metabolic syndrome components among Chilean children

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mardones ◽  
L. Villarroel ◽  
P. Arnaiz ◽  
S. Barja ◽  
A. Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Present Information

The association of prenatal growth with metabolic syndrome (MS) components and insulin resistance (IR) in children has not been studied in Chile and most developing countries. Some associations found in developed countries are controversial. A retrospective cohort study was designed linking present information on MS components and IR in children with register-based information on birth weight (BW), birth length (BL) and gestational age (GA). Examinations included anthropometry and blood pressure (BP), as well as self-report of pubertal status. A fasting blood sample was taken to determine lipids, glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR was calculated. The study cohort of 2152 children was on average 11.4 ± 1.0 years old. The prevalence of MS, IR and overweight were 7.6%, 24.5% and 34%, respectively. Elevated BP was negatively associated with dichotomized risk categories of the perinatal factors studied (BW, BL and GA). Contingency tables showed that high waist circumference (WC) and elevated BP had a U-shaped association with various categories of BW and BL, respectively. Stepwise linear regressions selected: (a) WC as inversely associated to GA and directly associated to BW, (b) BP as inversely associated to GA and (c) HOMA-IR as inversely associated to BL. Non-optimal prenatal growth seems to predispose to high WC, elevated BP and IR in school-age children, supporting the early life origin of several non-communicable diseases. Those associations were rather weak as estimated by the slopes of the regressions and probably reduced by their U-shaped nature; they would reasonably become stronger with a longer follow-up.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170
Author(s):  
Alicia Julibert ◽  
Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Laura Gallardo-Alfaro ◽  
Manuela Abbate ◽  
Miguel Á Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Study Cohort

ABSTRACT Background High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Methods This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55–75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. Results As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P < 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P < 0.001), and nut consumption (P < 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. Conclusions Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.

scholarly journals Neighborhood sidewalk environment and incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tani ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the percentage of sidewalks installation is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010-2013) among participants in a Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using the geographic information system. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of dementia. During the follow-up, 5310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile for sidewalk coverage, the HR was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope, numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, stations and bus stops, education level, and unemployment rate), the HR remained statistically significant (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94). Living in neighborhoods with high sidewalks installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Treatment of Mild Gestational Diabetes on Long-Term Maternal Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Casey ◽  
Madeline Murguia Rice ◽  
Mark B. Landon ◽  
Michael W. Varner ◽  
Uma M. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Index Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Panel

Abstract Objective The main purpose of this article is to evaluate whether identification and treatment of women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy affects subsequent maternal body mass index (BMI), anthropometry, metabolic syndrome, and risk of diabetes. Study Design This is a follow-up study of women who participated in a randomized controlled treatment trial for mild GDM. Women were enrolled between 5 and 10 years after their index pregnancy. Participants underwent blood pressure, height, weight, and anthropometric measurements by trained nursing personnel using a standardized approach. A nurse-assisted questionnaire regarding screening and treatment of diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, diet, and physical activity was completed. Laboratory evaluation included fasting serum glucose, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, and a lipid panel. Subsequent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and adiposity in those diagnosed with mild GDM and randomized to nutritional counseling and medical therapy (treated) were compared with those who underwent routine pregnancy management (untreated). Multivariable analyses were performed adjusting for race/ethnicity and years between randomization and follow-up visit. Results Four-hundred fifty-seven women with mild GDM during the index pregnancy were included in this analysis (243 treated; 214 untreated) and evaluated at a median 7 years after their index pregnancy. Baseline and follow-up characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Frequency of diabetes (9.2 vs. 8.5%, p =0.80), metabolic syndrome (32.2 vs. 34.3%, p =0.63), as well as adjusted mean values of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (2.5 vs. 2.3, p =0.11) and BMI (29.4 vs. 29.1 kg/m2, p =0.67) were also not different. Conclusion Identification and treatment of women with mild GDM during pregnancy had no discernible impact on subsequent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity 7 years after delivery.

scholarly journals Associations of Prenatal Growth with Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Nutritional Status in Chilean Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mardones ◽  
Pilar Arnaiz ◽  
Paz Pacheco ◽  
Angelica Dominguez ◽  
Luis Villarroel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nonlinear Associations

Introduction. The association of prenatal growth with nutritional status, metabolic syndrome (MS), and insulin resistance (IR) was studied in school-age children.Methods. A retrospective cohort study was designed linking present data of children with perinatal records. 3325 subjects were enrolled. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and pubertal status were assessed. Blood lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured. Linear associations were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Odds ratios and nonlinear associations were computed.Results. 3290 children (52% females, mean age of 11.4 ± 1 years) were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity, stunting, MS, and IR was 16.0%, 3.6%, 7.3%, and 25.5%, respectively. The strongest positive association was between birth weight (BW) and obesity (OR 2.97 (95% CI 2.01–4.40) at BW ≥ 4,000 g compared to BW 2,500–2,999). The strongest inverse association was between birth length (BL) and stunting (OR 8.70 (95% CI 3.66–20.67) at BL < 48 cm compared to BL 52-53 cm). A U-shaped association between BL and BP ≥ 90th percentile was observed. Significant ORs were also found for MS and IR. Adjustments for present fat mass increased or maintained the most prenatal growth influences.Conclusions. Prenatal growth influences MS, IR, and nutritional status. Prenatal growth was more important than present body composition in determining these outcomes.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations between Obesity, Inflammation, and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among US Black and White Adults in the CARDIA Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sharon H. Jackson ◽  
Anna Bellatorre ◽  
Timothy McNeel ◽  
Anna María Nápoles ◽  
Kelvin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Diabetes Status

Aim. Assess prospective relationships between obesity and inflammation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A cohort of nondiabetic respondents from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was followed from 2005-2006 (wave 7) to 2010-2011 (wave 8). Diabetes status was determined in wave 8 based on self-report, blood glucose level, and anti-hyperglycemic medication use in conjunction with a homeostatic model assessment-based classification for distinguishing diabetes subtype. We performed a series of multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the relative influence of obesity (waist circumference) and individual inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and sex-specific serum uric acid and gamma-glutamyltransferase) on the odds of developing incident T2DM between waves 7 and 8. Results. Among 2784 nondiabetic CARDIA respondents, 146 (5.2%) new cases of T2DM were identified between waves. Having a high waist circumference (AOR=6.15; 95%CI=4.14,9.14) and being Black (vs. White) (AOR=1.60; 95%CI=1.05,2.44) were associated with T2DM. Adjusting for inflammation biomarkers attenuated the effects of waist circumference and race with T2DM. Clinically elevated CRP (AOR=1.83; 95%CI=1.18,2.82) and uric acid (AOR=2.57; 95%CI=1.70,3.89) predicted T2DM among all respondents. However, stratification by race showed greater attenuation of the effects of waist circumference on T2DM in Whites than in Blacks when inflammation biomarkers were accounted for in the model. Conclusion. Targeted control of systemic inflammation may reduce the risk of developing T2DM, especially among Blacks, and could help address Black-White disparities in diabetes care and outcomes.

Abstract MP73: Relationship of Insulin Resistance to Prevalence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Beyond Metabolic Syndrome in a General Population

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamazoe ◽  
Takashi Hisamatsu ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Sayaka Kadowaki ◽  
Maryam Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Model Assessment

Introduction: Association between insulin resistance (IR) and prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been inconsistent after adjustment for metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, relation of IR to progression of CAC has remained unclear. Recent basic science studies have reported that IR could promote atherosclerosis not only through the mechanisms that involve systemic factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, but also through the effect of perturbed insulin signaling at the cell level. Therefore we assessed the hypothesis that IR is associated with CAC prevalence or progression independently of MetS components in a general population. Methods: We conducted a population-based study in a random sample of men aged 40-79 years living in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, without prior coronary heart disease (Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis; SESSA). IR was determined by homeostasis model assessment of IR index (HOMA-IR). We measured CAC at baseline and five years later with noncontrast computed tomography. CAC prevalence was defined as baseline CAC score > 0, and CAC progression as a change > 2.5 between the square root transformed values of baseline and follow-up CAC scores. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in total participants and in those without diabetes. Results: Of 1022 total participants at baseline (mean age, 64 ± 10 years), CAC prevalence was found in 658 (64.4%), and of 804 participants at follow-up (mean follow-up duration, 4.9 ± 1.3 years), CAC progression in 371 (46.1%). Even after adjustment for MetS components in addition to other confounding factors, higher HOMA-IR was independently associated with CAC prevalence (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64; P = 0.003) and CAC progression (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18-1.74; P < 0.001). In participants without diabetes (N = 807 at baseline, N = 638 at follow-up), we observed similar positive associations of HOMA-IR with CAC prevalence (OR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.05-1.61; P = 0.016) and CAC progression (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.67; P = 0.025). In contrast, fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c were not related to CAC prevalence and progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, higher IR was associated with CAC prevalence and progression independently of MetS components in general men and also in those without diabetes. Adding measuring of IR as routine clinical examination may provide additional predictive value beyond traditional risk assessment especially among population without diabetes.

scholarly journals Associations Between Sex Steroids and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study in European Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Antonio ◽  
Frederick C. W. Wu ◽  
Terence W. O'Neill ◽  
Stephen R. Pye ◽  
Emma L. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Increased Risk

Context: Low testosterone (T) has been associated with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), but it remains unclear if this association is independent of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Estradiol (E2) may also be associated with MetS, but few studies have investigated this. Objective: To study the association between baseline sex steroids and the development of incident MetS and to investigate the influence of SHBG, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance on this risk. Methods: Three thousand three hundred sixty nine community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years were recruited for participation in EMAS. MetS was defined by the updated NCEP ATP III criteria. Testosterone and E2 levels were measured by liquid and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex steroids and incident MetS. Results: One thousand six hundred fifty one men without MetS at baseline were identified. During follow-up, 289 men developed incident MetS, while 1362 men did not develop MetS. Men with lower baseline total T levels were at higher risk for developing MetS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, P &lt; .001), even after adjustment for SHBG (OR = 1.43, P = .001), BMI (OR = 1.44, P &lt; .001) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR = 1.64, P &lt; .001). E2 was not associated with development of MetS (OR = 1.04; P = .56). However, a lower E2/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of incident MetS (OR = 0.38; P &lt; .001), even after adjustment for SHBG (OR = 0.48; P &lt; .001), BMI (OR = 0.60; P = .001) or HOMA-IR (OR = 0.41; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: In men, lower T levels, but not E2, are linked with an increased risk of developing MetS, independent of SHBG, BMI or insulin resistance. A lower E2/T ratio may be protective against developing MetS.

Persistence of metabolic syndrome and its impact on glucose metabolism in overweight and obese children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anajás da Silva Cardoso Cantalice ◽  
Inês Fronteira ◽  
Jordana de Almeida Nogueira ◽  
Altamira Pereira da Silva Reichert ◽  
Carla Campos Muniz Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Objective: To verify the effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relation to insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity after 24 months of follow-up. Design: Studies of repeated measures from April 2009 to April 2012. For both measurements, the evaluations performed were anthropometry, MS diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, glucose homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and insulin level; at a second evaluation, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used as an additional indicator of glucose metabolism alterations. Logistic regression between syndrome persistence and its components with glucose metabolism alterations was performed for each of its indicators. The SPSS version 17.0 software (95% CI) was used. Location: Center for Childhood Obesity, Campina Grande, Brazil. Subjects: Children and adolescents (n=133), aged 2–18 years, with overweight or obesity. Results: There was a significant decrease in MS during the study period, with persistence of the syndrome in 17.3% of the individuals. The presence of at least one alteration in glucose metabolism occurred in 45.1% of children and adolescents. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the average levels of HOMA-IR showed significant decrease at the end of 24 months (p<0.01), and an elevated waist circumference (WC) remained associated with IR (p<0.01). Conclusion: There was observed no relationship of IR or other indicator of glycemic disorders by persistence of MS. An elevated WC remained associated with IR after controlling for the effects of the following variables: gender, age group, and other MS components.

scholarly journals Long-Term Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Incidence Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Longitudinal Findings of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Over 12 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ae Hee Kim ◽  
In-Ho Seo ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Yong-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated positive associations between smoking and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several cross-sectional studies. However, the association was not consistent in long-term studies, which makes longitudinal effects remain controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between cigarette smoking and incidence risk of MetS in a large-sample, community-based, longitudinal prospective study in both intensity and cumulative dose of cigarette smoking over 12 years of follow-up. MethodsAmong 10,038 participants, a total of 5568 men ages 40-69 years old without MetS at baseline were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for incident MetS were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model after adjusting for potential confounding variables and setting never smokers as the reference group for intensity (expressed as number of cigarettes per day) and duration of smoking (expressed as number of pack-years). Results Compared to the referent never smokers, the HRs (95% CIs) for incident MetS increased as the intensity of smoking in current smokers also increased: 1.50 (1.07-2.01) for 0-9 cigarettes/day, 1.66 (1.34-2.06) for 10-19 cigarettes/day, and 1.75 (1.34-2.29) for ≥20 cigarettes/day, after adjusting for age, alcohol drinking, physical activity, household income, educational level, mean arterial pressure, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol level, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. These positive relationships were similar when the cumulative dose of smoking was used in current smokers. Compared to the referent never smokers, the HRs (95% CIs) for incident MetS increased as the cumulative dose also increased: 1.63 (1.32-2.02) for <20 PYs and 1.67 (1.30-2.14) for 20 ≥PYs after adjusting for the same co-variables. ConclusionsBoth cigarette smoking intensity and cumulative dose were positively associated with MetS among community-dwelling Korean men in the large-scale, longitudinal, prospective, 12-year follow-up study.

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