scholarly journals Cross-national comparisons of increasing suicidal mortality rates for Koreans in the Republic of Korea and Korean Americans in the USA, 2003–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
A. Kung ◽  
K. G. Hastings ◽  
K. I. Kapphahn ◽  
E. J. Wang ◽  
M. R. Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Aims.Korea has the highest suicide rate of developed countries, two times higher than the USA. Suicide trends among Koreans Americans living in the USA during the same period have not yet been described. We report suicide mortality rates and trends for four groups: (1) Korean Americans, (2) non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans, (3) selected Asian American subgroups and (4) Koreans living in the Republic of Korea.Methods.We used US national (n = 18 113 585) and World Health Organization (WHO) (n = 232 919 253) mortality records for Korea from 2003 to 2012 to calculate suicide rates, all expressed per 100 000 persons. We assessed temporal trends and differences in age, gender and race/ethnicity using binomial regression.Results.Suicide rates are highest in Koreans living in the Republic of Korea (32.4 for men and 14.8 for women). Suicide rates in Korean Americans (13.9 for men and 6.5 for women) have nearly doubled from 2003 to 2012 and exceed rates for all other Asian American subgroups (5.4–10.7 for men and 1.6–4.2 for women). Suicide rates among NHWs (21.0 for men and 5.6 for women) remain high. Among elders, suicide in Korean Americans (32.9 for men and 15.4 for women) is the highest of all examined racial/ethnic groups in the USA.Conclusions.Suicide in Korean Americans is higher than for other Asian Americans and follows temporal patterns more similar to Korea than the USA. Interventions to prevent suicide in Korean American populations, particularly among the elderly, are needed.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis and temporal trends of suicide mortality in Sergipe, Brazil, 2000-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Dantas dos Santos ◽  
Luan Michell Lima Guimarães ◽  
Yasmin Freire de Carvalho ◽  
Luciano da Costa Viana ◽  
Gledson Lima Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Background The World Health Organization defines suicide as the act of deliberately killing oneself. It is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds globally. Objective To analyze the epidemiological profile and the spatial distribution of suicide deaths in the state of Sergipe. Methods We performed an ecological time-series study with data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM) about deaths by suicide occurring between 2000 and 2015. We considered as suicide deaths cases recorded as voluntary self-inflicted injuries. Suicide rates were estimated and age-adjusted in the population above 9 years. We analyzed temporal trends by sex and age groups using the simple linear regression model. For the spatial analysis, we performed Kernel density estimation with the software TerraView version 4.2.2. Results We identified 1,560 suicide cases in the state of Sergipe between 2000 and 2015, with a mean of 97.5 cases per year. We also observed that suicide rates in the state increased 102.3% (from 2.69/100,000 population in 2000 to 5.44 in 2015). Suicides occurred predominantly among males (1,160 cases; 74.35%), single people (1,010 cases; 64.7%), and brown-skinned people (1,039 cases; 66.6%). We observed significantly growing temporal trends in the general population, especially among male adults. Spatial analysis allowed us to draw a map that showed the regions with the highest occurrence of suicide. Conclusion We observed growing suicide trends in the state of Sergipe and the spatial analysis was an important tool that showed the areas with higher incidences of suicide.

scholarly journals Condition and the ways of development of the USA and the Republic of Korea alliance at the present stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Michael Motyavin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Joint Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the current state and ways of development of the alliance of the United States of America and the Republic of Korea after the Joseph Biden administration came to power. During the summit held in Washington on May 21, 2021, the key positions of the two countries on the formation of a joint policy in the future were announced. There were areas and regions that had not previously appeared on the joint foreign policy agenda, which means fundamental changes in the understanding of the alliance’s future. Consequently, the author of the article analyzes the reasons why the Moon Jae-in administration could change its course in foreign policy, Washington's goals for reforming the alliance and the changes that the alliance of the United States and South Korea will undergo.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Short form for Patients with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Young-Rim Choi ◽  
Ye-Na Lee ◽  
Eunhye Jeong ◽  
Sung Ok Chang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Short Form (K AES-10) for people with dementia. Methods: Participants in this study were 198 patients with dementia resident in two hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The AES-10 was translated into Korean through the translation and adaptation of instruments process developed by the World Health Organization. This process was carried out by three bilingual nursing professionals. Validity and reliability, such as construct validity, convergent validity, Cronbach's ⍺, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability, were evaluated. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 programs were used for the data analysis. Results: A uni-dimensional model was proposed in the explanatory factor analysis; a single factor accounted for 68.0% of total variances. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the Korean version of the AES-10. The scale had a Cronbach's ⍺ of .95, inter-rater reliability of .66 (<i>p</i><.001), and a test-retest reliability of .81 (<i>p</i><.001). Conclusion: The findings show that the Korean version of the AES-10 is both valid and reliable for measuring apathy among people diagnosed with dementia in the Republic of Korea.

Employment and suicidal rates during economic recession: A country-targeted integrative review

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402096974
Author(s):  
Apostolos Kamekis ◽  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Adelais Markaki ◽  
Vasiliki Samara ◽  
Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Recession Period

Background: The economic crisis’ effects on suicide rates for countries undergoing or exiting austerity measures have been widely debated. This integrative review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize available evidence of employment status effect on suicide mortality rates in Greece during the recent economic recession period. Methods: A literature review of studies evaluating suicides in the general Greek population, as well as across age and gender groups, in relation to employment during the economic crisis period was performed. PubMed electronic database was searched for relevant articles published in English or Greek language from 2009 up to February 2020. Appraisal was carried out based on the Hierarchy of Evidence Rating System and the GRADE guidelines. Results: A total of 24 articles met all inclusion criteria with 20 of them at level IV, 2 at level VII, and 2 at level VIII. A total of 18 studies reported increase of suicide rates during the economic recession period. About 12 studies examined the co-relation between unemployment and suicide rate, with ten studies showing a positive correlation. Moreover, thirteen studies reported data on the effect of gender and age variables on suicide rates. Conclusion: Evidence shows that suicide mortality rates in Greece increased after the eruption of economic recession, particularly after the implementation of radical austerity measures (2011–2014). This increase was positively correlated with unemployment and was more prominent among males of working age. Further in depth epidemiological research of regional variations in terms of profile and contributing or enabling factors of suicidal behavior is needed.

scholarly journals Sex-specific and age-specific suicide mortality by method in 58 countries between 2000 and 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2019-043601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
David C Schwebel ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Peishan Ning ◽  
Peixia Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Binomial Models ◽  
Country Specific

ObjectiveTo examine recent changes in sex-specific and age-specific suicide mortality by method across countries.MethodsUsing mortality data from the WHO mortality database, we compared sex-specific, age-specific and country-specific suicide mortality by method between 2000 and 2015. We considered seven major suicide methods: poisoning by pesticides, all other poisoning, firearms and explosives, hanging, jumping from height, drowning and other methods. Changes in suicide mortality were quantified using negative binomial models among three age groups (15–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and above) for males and females separately.ResultsSuicide mortality declined substantially for both sexes and all three age groups studied in 37 of the 58 included countries between 2000 and 2015. Males consistently had much higher suicide mortality rates than females in all 58 countries. Hanging was the most common suicide method in the majority of 58 countries. Sex-specific suicide mortality varied across 58 countries significantly for all three age groups. The spectrum of suicide method generally remained stable for 28 of 58 included countries; notable changes occurred in the other 30 countries, including especially Colombia, Finland and Trinidad and Tobago.ConclusionLikely as a result of prevention efforts as well as sociodemographic changes, suicide mortality decreased substantially in 37 of the included 58 countries between 2000 and 2015. Further actions are needed to explore specific drivers of the recent changes (particularly for increases in eight countries), to understand substantial disparities in suicide rates across countries, and to develop interventions to reduce suicide rates globally.

Poverty and child (0–14 years) mortality in the USA and other Western countries as an indicator of “how well a country meets the needs of its children” (UNICEF)

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Pritchard ◽  
Richard Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background: Children’s (0–14 years) mortality rates in the USA and 19 Western countries (WCs) were examined in the context of a nation-specific measure of relative poverty and the Gross Domestic Product Health Expenditure (GDPHE) of countries to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of health care systems “to meet the needs of its children” (UNICEF). Method: World Health Organisation child mortality rates per million were analysed for 1979–1981 and 2003–2005 to determine any significant differences between the USA and the other WCs over these periods. Child mortality rates are correlated with all countries GDPHE and ‘relative poverty’, defined by ‘Income Inequalities’, i.e., the gap between top and bottom 20% of incomes. Findings: Outputs: The mortality rate of every country fell substantially ranging from falls of 46% in the USA to 78% in Portugal. The highest current mortality rates are: USA, 2436 per million (pm), New Zealand 2105 pm, Portugal 1929 pm, Canada 1877 pm and the UK 1834 pm; the lowest are: Japan 1073 pm and Sweden 1075 pm, Finland 1193 pm and Norway 1200 pm. A total of 16 countries rates fell significantly more than the USA over these periods. Inputs: The USA had the greatest GDPHE and widest Income Inequality gap. There was no significant correlation between GDPHE and mortality but highly significant correlations with children’s deaths and income inequalities. The five widest income inequality countries had the six worst rates, the narrowest four had the lowest. Conclusions: Despite major improvements in every WC, based upon financial inputs and child mortality outputs, the USA health care system appears the least efficient and effective in “meeting the needs of its children”.

scholarly journals Suicidal Behavior in the Mediterranean Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eskin
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
World Average ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Introduction: Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem worldwide and shows large intersocietal variation. This study aimed at comparatively investigating the aspects of suicidal behavior in 22 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Methods: The study was conducted with official data retrieved from several sources. The suicidal mortality data were collected from World Health Organization’s data repository. Descriptive statistics, group comparison, correlational and regression statistical analyses were used to summarize the data. Results: The average age standardized suicide rates in the Mediterranean countries are lower than the world average. Except in Morocco, more men kill themselves than women. Suicide rates are lower in Mediterranean Muslim than in Mediterranean Christian countries. Slovenia, France and Croatia have the highest suicide mortality rates. Greatest percentages of suicidal ideation are seen in Croatia, Turkey and Slovenia and the greatest percentages of suicidal attempts are seen in Palestine, Cyprus, Greece and Slovenia. According to the results of the multiple regression analyses, the coefficient of human inequality index was associated with lower both-sex and male suicide rates. Greater percentages of people saying religion is unimportant in daily life in a country were found to be related to higher female suicide rates. Conclusion: The findings from the study have shown that the prevalence of suicidal deaths, thoughts and attempts vary between the Mediterranean countries. Lower suicide rates are observed in the Muslim Mediterranean nations than in the Judeo-Christian ones. However, the rates of suicide mortality in non-Arab Muslim nations being comparable to the rates in non-Muslim countries confirm the concerns over mis/underreporting of suicidal behavior in Arab Muslim countries due to religio-cultural stigma attached to suicide. The average suicidal mortality rates are lower in Mediterranean countries than the world average. Generally, more men than women kill themselves. Results from the multivariate analysis revealed that as the level of human inequality increases the rates for both-sex and male suicidal mortality decreases. Religion seem to be protective against female suicides. The study has also shown that more research is needed about suicidal behavior in the Mediterranean countries.

scholarly journals A koreai köztársaság kereskedelmi politikája és a koreu szabadkereskedelmi megállapodás

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is one of the typical, newly-industrialised economies of Asia (ANIEs) that has undergone spectacular economic and social development over the last half century. Since the 1960s it has developed gradually and has become one of the most advanced nations of the world. As a result of the stalemate of the Doha-round, and of the financial and economic crisis in 2008–2009, a new trend seems to have emerged in the field of trade liberalization in the world. Instead of striving for a comprehensive, multilateral framework, a growing number of “new generation” free trade agreements have been emerging that are concluded on a bilateral level or among a few countries. The Republic of Korea joined this trend in 2008. Since then it has concluded a number of FTAs with Asian, American, European and other partners including the USA and the European Union, and it still has a number of draft agreements under negotiation. The EU-Korea FTA (KOREU) entered into force on 1 July 2011, marking a new era in EU-Korea trade relations. It is the most comprehensive free trade agreement ever concluded by the EU, and the first with a partner country in Asia. Since it came into force, import duties have been eliminated on nearly all products (98.7 % of duties within five years), which resulted in a far-reaching trade liberalization in services as well. Since 2011 the European Union’s exports to Korea have been growing, and the former trade deficit in the EU-Korea relations has shifted to European surplus in the balance of trade. This can be seen as an advantage for the EU, but it also reflects the vulnerability of the Korean economy’s competitiveness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document