scholarly journals Insight, self-stigma and psychosocial outcomes in Schizophrenia: a structural equation modelling approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Lien ◽  
H.-A. Chang ◽  
Y.-C. Kao ◽  
N.-S. Tzeng ◽  
C.-W. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equation Modelling

Aims.Poor insight is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and has been associated with acute illness severity, medication non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes. Paradoxically, high insight has been associated with various undesirable outcomes, including low self-esteem, depression and low subjective quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia. Despite the growing body of studies conducted in Western countries supporting the pernicious effects of improved insight in psychosis, which bases on the level of self-stigma, the effects are unclear in non-Western societies. The current study examined the role of self-stigma in the relationship between insight and psychosocial outcomes in a Chinese population.Methods.A total of 170 outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from two general university hospitals. Sociodemographic data and clinical variables were recorded and self-report scales were employed to measure self-stigma, depression, insight, self-esteem and subjective QoL. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the cross-sectional data.Results.High levels of self-stigma were reported by 39% of the participants (n = 67). The influences of insight, self-stigma, self-esteem and depression on subjective QoL were confirmed by the SEM results. Our model with the closest fit to the data (χ2 = 33.28; df = 20; p = 0.03; χ2/df = 1.66; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.06) demonstrated that self-stigma might fully mediate the association of insight with low self-esteem, depression and poor subjective QoL. High insight into illness contributed to self-stigma, which caused low self-esteem and depression and, consequently, low QoL. Notably, insight did not directly affect self-esteem, depression or QoL. Furthermore, the association of insight with poor psychosocial outcomes was not moderated by self-stigma.Conclusions.Our findings support the mediating model of insight relevant to the poor psychosocial outcomes of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in non-Western societies, in which self-stigma plays a pivotal role. These findings elucidate the direct and indirect effects of insight on psychosocial outcomes and imply that identifying and correcting self-stigma in people with schizophrenia could be beneficial. Additional studies are required to identify whether several other neurocognitive or psychosocial variables mediate or moderate the association of insight with self-esteem, depression and QoL in patients with schizophrenia. Studies with detailed longitudinal assessments are necessary to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals What factors influence older people’s intention to enrol in nursing homes? A cross-sectional observational study in Shanghai, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e021741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyun Luo ◽  
Yajiong Xue ◽  
Shunxing Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Dong ◽  
Dandan Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Equation Modelling

ObjectivesGiven the increasing need of long-term care and the low occupancy rate of nursing homes in Shanghai, this study attempts to explore what factors influence older people’s intention to enrol in nursing homes.DesignA cross-sectional observational study based on the theory of reasoned action was conducted. Survey data were collected from subjects during face-to-face interviews. Structural equation modelling was employed for data analysis.SettingThis study was conducted in six community health service centres in Shanghai, China. Two service centres were selected in urban, suburban and rural areas, respectively.ParticipantsA total of 641 Shanghai residents aged over 60 were surveyed.ResultsStructural equation modelling analysis showed that the research model fits the data well (χ2/df=2.948, Comparative Fit Index=0.972 and root mean squared error of approximation =0.055). Attitude (β=0.41, p<0.01), subjective norm (β=0.28, p<0.01) and value-added service (β=0.16, p<0.01) were directly associated with enrolment intention, explaining 32% of variance in intention. Attitude was significantly influenced by loneliness (β=−0.08, p<0.05), self-efficacy (β=0.32, p<0.01) and stigma (β=−0.24, p<0.01), while subjective norm was significantly influenced by life satisfaction (β=−0.15, p<0.01) and stigma (β=−0.43, p<0.01).ConclusionsThis study advances knowledge regarding the influencing factors of older people’s intention to enrol in nursing homes. It suggests that Chinese older persons’ perceived stigma has the strongest indirect effect on their intention to enrol in nursing homes. This is unique to the Chinese context and has practical implications for eldercare in China and other Asian countries with similar sociocultural contexts.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship Among Social Media Addiction, Cognitive Absorption, and Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Zeynep AKKUŞ ÇUTUK
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Media Addiction ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Cognitive Absorption ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed at testing a model developed to uncover the relationships among social media addiction, cognitive absorption, and self-esteem. This studys’ sample consisted of 361 university students, 198 of whom were females, and 163 were males. Data were collected using the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), the Cognitive Absorption Scale (CAS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between cognitive absorption and social media addiction; thus, cognitive absorption predicted social media addiction. A negative and significant relationship between self-esteem and social media addiction was also found; thus, self-esteem predicted social media addiction.

Examining the roles of metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism in depression and anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
Lee Kannis-Dymand ◽  
Emily Hughes ◽  
Kate Mulgrew ◽  
Janet D. Carter ◽  
Steven Love
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Partial Correlations

AbstractBackground:Metacognition and perfectionism are factors found to be associated with both anxiety and depression. A common component that underlies these factors is the influence of perseverance, or the tendency to continue a behaviour or thought even if it is no longer productive.Aims:This study aimed to investigate the relationships between metacognitive beliefs with maladaptive aspects of perfectionism (i.e. perseverance behaviours), and their relation to anxiety and depression.Method:Participants (n = 1033) completed six self-report questionnaires measuring metacognitive beliefs about rumination and worry, perseverance, anxiety and depression. Data were analysed using correlational testing, and structural equation modelling.Results:Results of structural equation modelling revealed that positive metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking increased the likelihood to perceive the thinking as uncontrollable, and that perseverance behaviours were predicted by all metacognitive beliefs. Furthermore, examination of partial correlations revealed that both negative metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking and perseverance behaviours predicted anxiety and depression; however, negative metacognitive beliefs were the strongest predictor, in both cases.Conclusions:The results provided support for current metacognitive models, in that the interpretation of cognitive perseveration sequentially influences psychopathology, but also provided insight into the inclusion of perseveration behaviours. Furthermore, the findings may also have value in a clinical setting, as targeting metacognitive beliefs in the presence of perseverance type behaviours may prove beneficial for treatment.

scholarly journals PO 8313 PREDICTORS OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONAL READINESS FOR EBOLA EPIDEMIC CONTAINMENT IN NIGERIA: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM) APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A28.3-A29
Author(s):  
Joshua Adekeye ◽  
Eustasius Musenge ◽  
Oyedunni Arulogun
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equation Modelling

BackgroundThere is paucity of literature on organisational readiness in the health space. Previous studies focus on epidemic preparedness and often depict readiness as a minor element in the implementation space. This study investigated the predictors of health institutional readiness to implement innovations for combating an Ebola epidemic outbreak in Nigeria.MethodsThe cross-sectional, mixed methods design was employed. The study population was 785 health care workers and non-health workers working at University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (Nigeria). The purposive sampling was used for qualitative study while the stratified random sampling technique was utilised for the quantitative study. Qualitative data were collected from fifteen respondents while a total of 511 questionnaires were administered at the study site. The qualitative data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The quantitative data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsThe qualitative study suggested that quality improvement was perceived as most useful in influencing all the tree sub-components of readiness. Training is perceived as most useful in building readiness while it is perceived to be moderately useful in influencing the sub-component of readiness. The OLS estimates indicates that QI/QA exert a positive and significant effect on motivation (β=0.004, p<0.05) and general capacity score (β=0.28 p<0.05) while it inversely but significantly exerts influence on innovation specific capacity (β=−0.21×10–3, p<0.05). The SEM/pathway analysis shows the direct and indirect routes of interactions among predictors of readiness after adjusting for confounders. All the explanatory variables have significant effect on readiness except gender which was dropped from the final model.ConclusionThe strength of evidence of how an evidence-based system for innovation support can influence readiness was established. Though readiness is a rate-determining step in ensuring robust and effective implementation outcomes for epidemic containment, exploring innovation outcomes and their amplification through explicitly target readiness dynamics requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Attentional and Emotional Mechanisms of Pain Processing and Their Related Factors: A Structural Equations Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Huber ◽  
Miriam Kunz ◽  
Cordula Artelt ◽  
Stefan Lautenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Equation Modelling

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is known that maladaptive attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing – as indicated by constructs such as pain hypervigilance, pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing – play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain conditions. However, little is known to date about the potential risk factors for these forms of maladaptive processing. The aim of the present study was to shed more light on this issue. A very comprehensive set of predictor variables was examined in healthy pain-free subjects.METHOD: Participants were 92 young and healthy subjects (mean [± SD] age 26.99±6.90 years; 47 men, 45 women). Maladaptive attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing were assessed by self-report measures of pain hypervigilance, pain-related anxiety and pain catastrophizing, as well as by a dot-probe task. The comprehensive set of predictor variables included measures of affective and bodily distress (depression, anxiety and somatization), experimental pain sensitivity, and cortisol reactivity. Directed relationships were estimated by using structural equation modelling.RESULTS: Structural equation modelling revealed a significant path from affective and bodily distress to self-reported maladaptive attentional and emotional pain processing. In contrast, the paths from pain sensitivity and cortisol reactivity did not reach the level of significance.CONCLUSION: These results support the position that anxiety and depression, as well as somatization, contribute to the aberrance of attentional and emotional mechanisms of pain processing. Surprisingly, the assumption of a close relationship between these maladaptive mechanisms of pain processing and pain sensitivity could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals Role of Digital Media in Spreading Covid-19 Awareness- Structural Equation Modelling based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2830-2841
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equation Modelling

Due to the rise of media technology and the abundance of Social Media platforms, healthcare awareness and information gathering are simple, easy, and efficient. This study also aims to investigate the role of Social Media to obtain Coivd-19 information and updates. The researcher used the cross-sectional study design and selected a sample of n= 265 respondents from Islamabad, Pakistan. Further, to validate the phenomenon, the researcher developed and tested the self-structured model using Structural Equation Modelling. The SEM analysis involved Internal consistency assessments, Coefficients of Determination R2, and Path Analysis. Findings indicated a strong significant relationship between Social Media, Ease of Access (p≥ .000), Ease of Use (p≥ .011), Internet Availability (p≥ .013), and Information Acceptance (p≥ .042). Thus the results revealed a significant role of Social Media to spread Covid-19 awareness reinforcing positive healthcare attitudes among the public. Therefore, the researcher suggests more studies on the proposed research model, to scrutinize the role of the Social Media infodemic during the Coronavirus outbreak.

scholarly journals Determinan Perilaku Pencegahan Perdarahan Pasca Persalinan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmatuti Harmatuti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equation Modelling

Perdarahan pasca persalinan masih tinggi kejadiannya dikarenakan masih rendahnya perilaku pencegahan yang dilakukan saat masa kehamilan. Beberapa upaya yang dapat mengurangi gangguan fisik maupun psikis seperti  promosi hidup sehat serta deteksi awal dapat diterapkan dalam strategi pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan, peran suami, peran peer group, status kesehatan, pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan di RS Kesdam Cijantung Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Analisis data menggunakan smartPLS 2.0 dan SPSS 18. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) temuan penelitian yakni pemberdayaan (16,58%), peran suami (4,8%), peran peer group (18,30%), status kesehatan (24,37%), pengetahuan (10,07%) dan sikap (10,50%), pengaruh langsung perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan sebesar 84,61%, dan pengaruh tidak langsung sebesar 1,1%. Status kesehatan merupakan faktor dominan yang sangat mempengaruhi perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan. Peneliti menyarankan agar beberapa pihak bekerja sama untuk membantu ibu hamil dalam pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document