scholarly journals The role of cognitive and social leisure activities in dementia risk: assessing longitudinal associations of modifiable and on-modifiable risk factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Duffner ◽  
K. Deckers ◽  
D. Cadar ◽  
A. Steptoe ◽  
M. de Vugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Social Leisure ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Joint Contribution

Abstract Aims With the projected surge in global dementia cases and no curative treatment available, research is increasingly focusing on lifestyle factors as preventive measures. Social and cognitive leisure activities are promising targets, but it is unclear which types of activities are more beneficial. This study investigated the individual and joint contribution of cognitive and social leisure activities to dementia risk and whether they modify the risks associated with other potentially modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Methods We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) from 7917 participants, followed up from 2008/2009 (Wave 4) until 2018/2019 (Wave 9) for incident dementia. Self-reported baseline cognitive activities (e.g. ‘reading the newspaper’), the number of social memberships (e.g. being a member of a social club) and social participation (e.g. ‘going to the cinema’) were clustered into high and low based on a median split. Subsequently, their individual and joint contribution to dementia risk, as well as their interaction with other dementia risk factors, were assessed with Cox regression models, adjusting for age, sex, level of education, wealth and a composite score of 11 lifestyle-related dementia risk factors. Results After a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, the dementia incidence rate was 54.5 cases per 10.000 person-years (95% CI 49.0–60.8). Adjusting for demographic and other lifestyle-related risk factors, higher engagement in cognitive activities (HR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.40–0.84), a greater number of social memberships (HR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.51–0.84) and more social participation (HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.54–0.95) were associated with lower dementia risk. In a joint model, only engagement in cognitive activities (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.40–0.91) and social memberships (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.56–0.99) independently explained dementia risk. We did not find any interaction with other modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Conclusions Engagement in cognitive and social leisure activities may be beneficial for overall dementia risk, independent of each other and other risk factors. Both types of activities may be potential targets for dementia prevention measures and health advice initiatives.

scholarly journals Dementia Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Lifestyle Among Jatinangor Elders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulus Anam Ong ◽  
Febby Rosa Annisafitrie ◽  
Novita Purnamasari ◽  
Chandra Calista ◽  
Noveline Sagita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

Introduction: Research on dementia prevalence and the potentially related risk factors from Indonesia is scarce. We sought to identify the prevalence of dementia, health risk factors, and lifestyle in Jatinangor elders.Methods: A total of 686 participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, health risk factors, and cognitive and functional tests from September 2013 to December 2013. We determined the prevalence of dementia; and the associations between health, leisure activities, dietary pattern, and dementia were analyzed using logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of dementia was 29.15%. The risk factors differed between age groups. Those aged 60–74 years and who have a lower education level, lower occupational attainment, and less active intellectual and recreational activities were associated with higher dementia risk. Those aged > 75 years living in a rural area and who take less fruit were associated with a higher risk of dementia.Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia in Jatinangor is high. The identified modifiable risk factors are a potential target for intervention and valuable for designing public health policies.

scholarly journals What do young Australian adults know about modifiable risk factors for dementia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah A. D. Keage ◽  
Gabrielle Villani ◽  
Amanda D. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Abstract Background There are well established modifiable risk factors for late-life dementia. These risk factors account for over 30% of population attributable dementia risk and accrue over the lifespan. Young adults have the greatest potential to reduce their own risk for dementia. This study aimed to investigate what young Australian adults know about dementia and its risk factors, and further, how they estimated these risks. Methods An online survey promoted through various social media platforms was completed by 604 young Australian adults aged 18–44 years of age. Results Seventy percent of participants had a limited understanding of dementia (identifying cognitive or functional impairment), 25% had a good understanding, with 5% having no understanding. Twenty percent of respondents thought there were no modifiable risk factors for dementia. Less the half of participants agreed with two of the nine established dementia risk factors (hearing loss in midlife and education in early life), with over half of participants agreeing to the remaining seven risk factors. Females consistently judged the risks conferred by the nine established dementia risk factors to be higher than males. Those who were lonely judged the dementia risk conferred by loneliness to be higher than those who were not lonely; and smokers judged the dementia risk conferred by smoking to be less than non-smokers. Conclusion Young adults have the greatest potential to change their dementia risk, and these findings show that there are important gaps in knowledge of dementia and its risk factors in this group.

scholarly journals The effect of early age-related hearing loss on memory and participation in social leisure activities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Danielsson ◽  
M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller ◽  
Kate Dupuis ◽  
Jerker Rönnberg ◽  
Alison L. Chasteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Social Leisure

Age-related declines in hearing, cognition and social participation are well recognized, as are associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline, hearing loss and increased risk for social isolation, and cognitive decline and lower participation in social leisure activities (PSLA). Nevertheless, how age and the three domains of hearing, cognition, and social participation relate to one other in the same study is unclear. Behavioural measures of hearing and memory and self-reported participation in common social leisure activities from two samples of adults with hearing loss (N=297, N=273) were analysed in the current study. Structural equation modelling on both samples yielded two models with good and similar statistical properties. The two models had the following in common: age effects on hearing and memory, an effect of hearing on memory, but no direct effect of hearing on PSLA. The models differed on the direction of the path between memory and PSLA as well as the existence of the effect of age on PSLA. The majority of participants in both samples were not candidates for hearing aids, but most of those who were candidates used them. Of note, typical pure-tone average thresholds did not contribute significantly to the models, but high-frequency hearing thresholds did, suggesting that even early stages of hearing loss can increase demands on memory that in turn may deter participation in social leisure activities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sex and Wealth on Population Attributable Risk Factors for Dementia in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Bobrow ◽  
Tina Hoang ◽  
Deborah E. Barnes ◽  
Raquel C. Gardner ◽  
Isabel E. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Low Education

Background and Aims: South Africa is a middle-income country with high levels of income inequality and a rapidly aging population and increasing dementia prevalence. Little is known about which risk factors for dementia are important and how they differ by social determinants of health as well as key demographic characteristics such as sex and wealth. We sought to calculate the population attributable risks (PARs) for established potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia among these different groups.Methods: We obtained risk factor prevalence from population-based surveys for established dementia risk factors (diabetes, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking, low educational attainment, social isolation). We used relative risk estimates reported in previous meta-analyses and estimated PARs using Levin's formula and accounting for communality. We tested for one-way and two-way interactions by sex and wealth using Pearson's χ2. In stratified analyses, we performed tests for trend using logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of established risk factors for dementia ranged from 5% for depression to 64% for low education. After accounting for communality, the risk factors contributing the greatest PAR were low education (weighted PAR 12%, 95% CI 7% to 18%), physical inactivity (9, 5–14%), and midlife hypertension (6, 5–14%). Together, 45% of dementia cases may be attributable to modifiable risk factors (95% CI 25–59%). We found significant interactions (p < 0.005) between sex, wealth, or both (sex * wealth) and each risk factor except social isolation and physical activity. Low education was inversely associated with wealth in both male and female. The PAR for midlife hypertension, obesity, and diabetes was associated with increasing wealth, and was higher in female. In contrast, the PAR for smoking was higher in male (8% vs. 2%) and was associated with increasing wealth among female only. We found that either a strategy of large reductions in selected risk factors with the highest PAR (midlife hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity) or small reductions across all risk factors could potentially reduce dementia cases by as many as 250,000 by 2050.Discussions: The potential impact on dementia risk by decreasing exposure to established dementia risk factors is large and differs by sex and social determinants of health like wealth. Risk factor PAR should inform national and local health policy dementia initiatives in South Africa including which risk factors to target in the whole population and which to target in high-risk groups for maximum public health benefit.

Modifiable Risk Factors and Change in Cognition of Māori and Non-Māori in Advanced Age: LiLACS NZ

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482199721
Author(s):  
Kristina Zawaly ◽  
Simon A. Moyes ◽  
Stephen Buetow ◽  
Lynette Tippett ◽  
Ngaire Kerse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Effect Regression

Objective: This study investigated whether previously identified modifiable risk factors for dementia were associated with cognitive change in Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Māori octogenarians of LiLACS NZ (Life and Living in Advanced Age; a Cohort Study in New Zealand), a longitudinal study. Method: Multivariable repeated-measure mixed effect regression models were used to assess the association between modifiable risk factors and sociodemographic variables at baseline, and cognitive change over 6 years, with p values of <.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results: Modifiable factors associated with cognitive change differed between ethnic groups. Depression was a negative factor in Māori only, secondary education in non-Māori was protective, and obesity predicted better cognition over time for Māori. Diabetes was associated with decreased cognition for both Māori and non-Māori. Conclusion: Our results begin to address gaps in the literature and increase understanding of disparities in dementia risk by ethnicity. These findings have implications for evaluating the type and application of culturally appropriate methods to improve cognition.

scholarly journals Association between dementia parental family history and mid-life modifiable risk factors for dementia: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching within the Lifelines cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049918
Author(s):  
Joyce Vrijsen ◽  
Ameen Abu-Hanna ◽  
Sophia E de Rooij ◽  
Nynke Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Parental Family

ObjectiveIndividuals with a parental family history (PFH) of dementia have an increased risk to develop dementia, regardless of genetic risks. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between a PFH of dementia and currently known modifiable risk factors for dementia among middle-aged individuals using propensity score matching (PSM).DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA subsample of Lifelines (35–65 years), a prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands was used.Outcome measuresFourteen modifiable risk factors for dementia and the overall Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) score, indicating someone’s potential for dementia risk reduction (DRR).ResultsThe study population included 89 869 participants of which 10 940 (12.2%) had a PFH of dementia (mean (SD) age=52.95 (7.2)) and 36 389 (40.5%) without a PFH of dementia (mean (SD) age=43.19 (5.5)). Of 42 540 participants (47.3%), PFH of dementia was imputed. After PSM, potential confounding variables were balanced between individuals with and without PFH of dementia. Individuals with a PFH of dementia had more often hypertension (OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.24), high cholesterol (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.30), diabetes (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42), cardiovascular diseases (OR=1.49; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.88), depression (OR=1.23; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.41), obesity (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.20) and overweight (OR=1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.17), and were more often current smokers (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.27) and ex-smokers (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.27). However, they were less often low/moderate alcohol consumers (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.91), excessive alcohol consumers (OR=0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98), socially inactive (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) and physically inactive (OR=0.93; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.97). Having a PFH of dementia resulted in a higher LIBRA score (RC=0.15; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.19).ConclusionWe found that having a PFH of dementia was associated with several modifiable risk factors. This suggests that middle-aged individuals with a PFH of dementia are a group at risk and could benefit from DRR. Further research should explore their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards DRR, and whether they are willing to assess their risk and change their lifestyle to reduce dementia risk.

scholarly journals Widespread pain and depression are key modifiable risk factors associated with reduced social participation in older adults

Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (31) ◽  
pp. e4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Wilkie ◽  
Milisa Blagojevic-Bucknall ◽  
John Belcher ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham ◽  
Rosie J. Lacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Association of sex differences in dementia risk factors with sex differences in memory decline in a population-based cohort spanning 20–76 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Moyra E. Mortby ◽  
Kim M. Kiely ◽  
Ranmalee Eramudugolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
With Memory

AbstractSex differences in late-life memory decline may be explained by sex differences in dementia risk factors. Episodic memory and dementia risk factors were assessed in young, middle-aged and older adults over 12 years in a population-based sample (N = 7485). For men in midlife and old age, physical, cognitive and social activities were associated with less memory decline, and financial hardship was associated with more. APOE e4 and vascular risk factors were associated with memory decline for women in midlife. Depression, cognitive and physical activity were associated with memory change in older women. Incident midlife hypertension (β = − 0.48, 95% CI − 0.87, − 0.09, p = 0.02) was associated with greater memory decline in women and incident late-life stroke accounted for greater memory decline in men (β = − 0.56, 95% CI − 1.12, − 0.01), p = 0.05). Women have fewer modifiable risk factors than men. Stroke and hypertension explained sex differences in memory decline for men and women respectively.

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