Religious Pluralism, Personal Laws and Gender Equality in Asia: Their History of Conflict and the Prospects for Accommodation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Juliette G. Duara
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
British Colonization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Independence Movements

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between three religio-legal traditions and their interactions and responses to the concept of gender equality as reflected in their inheritance practices. Specifically, questions of accommodation and authenticity will be explored through the Hindu, Confucian and Islamic traditions as they exist in contemporary India, Singapore and Hong Kong. While the primary focus will be on the current state of law and practice, the paper will begin personal laws during the period of British colonization. The impact of British jurisprudence will be recounted as background to understanding the contemporary state of the three traditions. For India and Singapore this history will include the impact of their independence movements on their personal laws. Hong Kong's history will include the impact of the territory's return to China.

scholarly journals Gender, family and employment in comparative perspective: the realities and representations of equal opportunities in Britain and France

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmary Crompton ◽  
Nicky Le Feuvre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we will explore how contrasting national discourses relating to women, and gender equality have been incorporated into and reflected in national policies. In the first section, we will outline the recent history of EU equal opportunities policy, in which positive action has been replaced by a policy of 'mainstreaming'. Second, we will describe the evolution of policies towards women and equal opportunities in Britain and France. It will be argued that whereas some degree of positive action for women has been accepted in Britain, this policy is somewhat alien to French thinking about equality - although pro-natalist French policies have resulted in favourable conditions for employed mothers in France. In the third section, we will present some attitudinal evidence, drawn from national surveys, which would appear to reflect the national policy differences we have identified in respect of the 'equality agenda'. In the fourth section, we will draw upon biographical interviews carried out with men and women in British and French banks in order to illustrate the impact of these cross-national differences within organizations and on individual lives. We demonstrate that positive action gender equality policies have made an important impact in British banks, while overt gender exclusionary practices still persist in the French banks studied. In the conclusion, we reflect on the European policy implications of our findings.

Ruling Relations: Rethinking State and Gender in South African History

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linzi Manicom
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Social Life ◽  
African State ◽  
The State ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although South African women's history has been growing in volume and sophistication over the past decade, the impact of gender analysis has yet to be felt in mainstream or radical historiography. One reason for this neglect is the way in which the categories of both ‘gender’ and ‘women’ have been conceived – with ‘women’ assumed to have a stable referent and ‘gender’ treated as synonymous with women. Those areas of social life where women are not immediately present have thus remained unreconstructed by the theoretical implications of gender. This is particularly the case with the history of ‘the state’.The article identifies and looks critically at the major paradigms of South African women's and gender history in terms of how the relationship between ‘the state’ and ‘women’ is implicitly or explicitly represented. It argues that the understanding of the category ‘women’ as socially and historically constructed (as evident in more recently published gender history) provides a way of moving beyond the more static or abstractly posed state-versus-women relationship. This requires too that ‘the South African state’ be understood not as unitary or coherent but as institutionally diverse with different objectives being taken up and produced as policy and practice. The project then becomes one of understanding South African state formation as a gendered and gendering process, of exploring the different institutional sites and ruling discourses in which gender identities and categories are constructed.

“I Can’t Because I Am a Man”: Masculinity, Manhood, and Gender Equality in Sport for Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eva Soares Moura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the growing body of feminist research investigating the relationship between sports initiatives and gender development goals, the literature to date has almost exclusively focused on female participation within sport for development programs. The purpose of this paper is to examine men’s behavior and provide novel insights into the perspectives and roles of men in sport for development work. This paper draws upon 11 months of ethnographic research undertaken between 2017 and 2018 in two organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, which use football as a tool to empower women. The findings reveal the diversity of roles men play in gender equality efforts and indicate issues men face, specifically the impact of ideas of manhood that hinder their ability to support broader social justice. The author ends the paper by outlining the necessity to explore masculinity and manhood in more depth to broaden the current understandings of the limitations and potential of sport for development initiatives to change the traditional model of male dominance and, consequently, have a more profound effect on gender equality.

The Impact of Secularity on Attitudes of Gender Equality: A Multi-Level Analysis of 49 Nations

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Wernet
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

This research uses a series of hierarchical linear regression models fitted to data from the 2014 World Values Survey (wvs) and national statistics for 49 countries to specify the relationship between variables at the macro, meso, and micro level with attitudes of gender equality. In addition to the development of an updated and more robust Gender Equality Scale, the findings show that economic development increases support for gender equality, in line with Inglehart’s postmaterialist hypothesis. A history of communist rule and income inequality also increase attitudes of gender equality. Secularity has the greatest explanatory power in the equation; the results show that being educated, female, and less religious significantly increases one’s likelihood to support gender equality.

scholarly journals Gender Equality, Human Development, and PISA Results over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Janine Anne Campbell ◽  
Joseph McIntyre ◽  
Natalia Kucirkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
System Level ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Study Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Gender equality through the empowerment, representation, and provision of equal opportunities for all, regardless of gender, is increasingly recognised as a driver of social outcomes and a fundamental human right. This study explores the longitudinal (2006–2018) relationship between gender equality, human development, and education results as measured by PISA. Gender equality and human development are consistently correlated with PISA scores at each time point; however, when controlling for starting values and country effects only change in gender equality positively predicts change in PISA scores (F = 22.6, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.58). Research and policy implications for the longitudinal interpretation of the relationship of PISA results with system-level factors as well as the relationship between gender equality and education are discussed in this paper. In consideration of the impact of COVID-19 on education and gender equality, the findings from this study support continued political effort towards gender-equal human development in a post-COVID-19 world.

scholarly journals USING THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF CASHBACK INCENTIVES FOR E-COMMERCE IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
S. Pokhylko ◽  
A. Eremenko
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
State Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A new stage in the history of cashback began with the development of the digital economy. Thanks to modern Internet access technologies via computers and smart phones, there has been a significant increase in e-commerce and m-commerce. The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of cashback and cashback services, the analysis of domestic and foreign cashback markets. Banking institutions have issued debit and credit cards with a cashback option, online stores have acquired cashback partners, buyers use an effective tool buying online. The impact of this tool on the e-commerce development is considered. The research pays attention to intermediary organizations as participants in the relationship between a bank and a client, an online-store and a buyer. The analysis of online stores websites' functioning, that use cashback and cashback services, is carried out. The analysis of the indicators showed a growing share of e-commerce development in Ukraine and an increase in purchases by Ukrainian customers on the Internet. The study identified the lack in popularity of cashebacks and cashback services use in Ukraine. The examination of the current state of the cashback market in Ukraine has established that the range of Ukrainian cashback services is not broad. The possibility of increasing the share of online stores, which offer cashback for buying online, in Ukraine would give an impetus to extend the number of these services. A good step in this direction is to escalate the percentage of cashback buying online, uncomplicated and straightforward procedure for withdrawing funds without restrictions from cashback cards. The absence of an annual maintenance fee of cashback cards also serves to attraction new customers to the cashback services and customers to online stores. The authors give their own vision of the efficiency of measures to popularize cashback like to use the cashback mechanism launching new programs and start-ups, including at the state level, to expand the circle of banks issuing credit casheback cards. All these would contribute substantially to the electronic commerce development in Ukraine in accordance with the current state of the global economy.

scholarly journals Rights-consciousness as an Object of Historical Inquiry: Revisiting the Constitution of Aspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Aaronson ◽  
Arianne Renan Barzilay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Consciousness ◽  
The Relationship

Hendrik Hartog’s article “The Constitution of Aspiration” paved new ways of thinking about the historical formation and political significance of rights-consciousness. This Essay considers the contribution of social histories of rights-consciousness to our understanding of the underpinnings and consequences of constitutional change. In particular, we consider the impact of this literature on debates regarding questions of periodization in American constitutional history and on debates concerning the relationship between egalitarian and counter-egalitarian strands of rights-consciousness. We critically evaluate the importance and limits of these contributions by focusing on methodological and interpretive questions that emerge from recent literature on struggles for racial and gender equality.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

scholarly journals Casa de la Asegurada: A Collective Housing Facility for Women Development in Mexico

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Lucía Martín López ◽  
Rodrigo Durán López
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Mexican Families ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Mexican Architecture ◽  
The Impact

While several women’s movements that aimed to modify their relationship with public space were taking place across the world, in 1956, the Mexican Social Security Institute founded the program Casa de la Asegurada, the subject of this study, as a tool for improving the social security of Mexican families through the input of cultural, social, artistic, and hygienic knowledge for women. The program’s facilities, Casas de la Asegurada, are located in the large Mexican housing complexes, articulating themselves to the existing city. Despite the impact on the lives of Mexican families, these have been ignored throughout the history of Mexican architecture. The main objective of this paper is to show the state of the art of Casa de la Asegurada and its facilities located in Mexico City. To achieve this, the greatest number available of primary sources on the topic was compiled through archive and document research. Sources were classified identifying information gaps to explain, in three different scales (program, facilities, and a case study), how they work through their objectives, performed activities, and evolved through time, so that the gathered information is analyzed with an urbanistic, architectural, and gender approach to contribute new ideas in the building of facilities that allow women empowerment.

DANCEHALL POLITICS: MOBILITY, SEXUALITY, AND SPECTACLES OF RACIAL RESPECTABILITY IN LATE COLONIAL TANGANYIKA, 1930s–1961

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY CALLACI
Keyword(s):  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Youth Sexuality ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Urban Elites ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rural Elders

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between understandings of youth sexuality and mobility, and racial nationalism in late colonial Tanganyika through a history of dansi: a dance mode first popularized by Tanganyikan youth in the 1930s. Dansi's heterosocial choreography and cosmopolitan connotations provoked widespread anxieties among rural elders and urban elites over the mobility, economic autonomy, and sexual agency of youth. In urban commercial dancehalls in the 1950s, dansi staged emerging cultural solidarities among migrant youth, while also making visible social divisions based on class and gender. At the same time, nationalist intellectuals attempted to reform dansi according to an emerging political rhetoric of racial respectability.

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