scholarly journals Predictors of Adolescents’ Consent to Use Health Records for Research and Results from Data Collection in a Swedish Twin Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilhelmina Ullemar ◽  
Cecilia Lundholm ◽  
Anne K. Örtqvist ◽  
Clara Hellner Gumpert ◽  
Henrik Anckarsäter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Participation Bias ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Medical Health

Introduction:Non-random selection into a study population due to differences between consenters and non-consenters may introduce participation bias. Past investigations of factors predicting consent to collection of medical health records for research imply that age, sex, health status, and education are of importance for participation, but disagree on the direction of effects. Very little is known about influences on consent from adolescents.Methods:Two cohorts of Swedish 15-year-old twins (totaln= 4,611) previously invited to the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) responded to a questionnaire with information on sex, individual's health, height, weight, and parental factors. The questionnaire included a question for consent to collection of medical health records. Predictors for consent were analyzed using logistic regression. Additionally, regional differences in the collection of health records of consenters were evaluated.Results:Males were significantly less likely to consent compared to females (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.85). The twin siblings’ decision to consent was strongly associated with consent (OR 10.9, 95% CI 8.76–13.5), and individuals whose parents had responded to the original CATSS study were more likely to consent to record collection at age 15 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.81–2.75). Results of the subsequent collection of consenters’ medical health records varied between geographical regions of Sweden.Conclusion:We identified several predictors for adolescents’ consent to collection of their medical health records. Further selection was introduced through the subsequent record collection. Whether this will induce participation bias in future studies depends on the research questions’ relationship to the identified predictors.

Leveraging Existing Tools in Electronic Health Record Systems to Automate Clinical Registry Compilation

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Alisha Williams ◽  
William Goedicke ◽  
Kristin A. Tissera ◽  
Leila A. Mankarious
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Data Input ◽  
Software Suite ◽  
Clinical Registry ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Clinical Registries ◽  
Time Burden ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Medical Health

Clinical registries have proven beneficial by providing a resource to address research questions, monitor care, and identify suitable subjects for clinical studies. Despite a well-organized registry, population is often low because of the human capital required. The increasing prevalence of electronic medical health records provides the opportunity to integrate registry compilation into routine patient encounters. Here we describe how one tool existing within the Epic Medical Record software suite, Smart Phrases, can be adapted to automate population of a hearing loss patient registry. The usage rate of Smart Phrases was high and resulted in a significant reduction in the time burden associated with registry population. Use of Smart Phrases could become an important factor in the design of future registries that allow broad uptake and convenient data input.

scholarly journals Responsible Urban Innovation with Local Government Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Juan M. Corchado ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Rita Yi Man Li ◽  
Karen Mossberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Made In

The urbanization problems we face may be alleviated using innovative digital technology. However, employing these technologies entails the risk of creating new urban problems and/or intensifying the old ones instead of alleviating them. Hence, in a world with immense technological opportunities and at the same time enormous urbanization challenges, it is critical to adopt the principles of responsible urban innovation. These principles assure the delivery of the desired urban outcomes and futures. We contribute to the existing responsible urban innovation discourse by focusing on local government artificial intelligence (AI) systems, providing a literature and practice overview, and a conceptual framework. In this perspective paper, we advocate for the need for balancing the costs, benefits, risks and impacts of developing, adopting, deploying and managing local government AI systems in order to achieve responsible urban innovation. The statements made in this perspective paper are based on a thorough review of the literature, research, developments, trends and applications carefully selected and analyzed by an expert team of investigators. This study provides new insights, develops a conceptual framework and identifies prospective research questions by placing local government AI systems under the microscope through the lens of responsible urban innovation. The presented overview and framework, along with the identified issues and research agenda, offer scholars prospective lines of research and development; where the outcomes of these future studies will help urban policymakers, managers and planners to better understand the crucial role played by local government AI systems in ensuring the achievement of responsible outcomes.

Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods

Behaviour ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Study Variable ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractSeven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. Below is a summary of the major recommended uses of each technique: In this paper, I have tried to point out the major strengths and weaknesses of each sampling method. Some methods are intrinsically biased with respect to many variables, others to fewer. In choosing a sampling method the main question is whether the procedure results in a biased sample of the variables under study. A method can produce a biased sample directly, as a result of intrinsic bias with respect to a study variable, or secondarily due to some degree of dependence (correlation) between the study variable and a directly-biased variable. In order to choose a sampling technique, the observer needs to consider carefully the characteristics of behavior and social interactions that are relevant to the study population and the research questions at hand. In most studies one will not have adequate empirical knowledge of the dependencies between relevant variables. Under the circumstances, the observer should avoid intrinsic biases to whatever extent possible, in particular those that direcly affect the variables under study. Finally, it will often be possible to use more than one sampling method in a study. Such samples can be taken successively or, under favorable conditions, even concurrently. For example, we have found it possible to take Instantaneous Samples of the identities and distances of nearest neighbors of a focal individual at five or ten minute intervals during Focal-Animal (behavior) Samples on that individual. Often during Focal-Animal Sampling one can also record All Occurrences of Some Behaviors, for the whole social group, for categories of conspicuous behavior, such as predation, intergroup contact, drinking, and so on. The extent to which concurrent multiple sampling is feasible will depend very much on the behavior categories and rate of occurrence, the observational conditions, etc. Where feasible, such multiple sampling can greatly aid in the efficient use of research time.

scholarly journals Perspectives to management language games and social interaction in self-managing organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Tuomas Korhonen ◽  
Teija Ahopelto ◽  
Teemu Laine ◽  
Johanna Ruusuvuori ◽  
Sanni Tiitinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
General Management ◽  
Pragmatic Constructivism ◽  
Language And Social Interaction ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Interesting Area

This essay identifies a theoretically interesting area, i.e. language and social interaction in self-managing organizations. By building upon earlier work in Wittgensteinian language games, we show that despite some existing research on management language games (inside and outside pragmatic constructivism), not much is known about language games in self-managing organizations. The essay brings together ideas concerning language games in general management and pragmatic constructivism, making a novel contribution in the area. Furthermore, we present an ethnomethodological perspective on analysing language and social interaction: conversation analysis (CA). We suggest that CA could be utilized to analyse social interaction within self-managing organizations in more detail, showing how the specific institutional characteristics of this type of organization are talked into being in this particular context. Several further research questions are proposed for future studies in management language games and language and social interaction.

scholarly journals Electronic health records in a Blockchain: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1273-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henrique Mayer ◽  
Cristiano André da Costa ◽  
Rodrigo da Rosa Righi
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Health Information Exchange ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Blockchain could reinvent the way patient’s electronic health records are shared and stored by providing safer mechanisms for health information exchange of medical data in the healthcare industry, by securing it over a decentralized peer-to-peer network. Intending to support and ease the understanding of this distributed ledger technology, a solid Systematic Literature Review was conducted, aiming to explore the recent literature on Blockchain and healthcare domain and identify existing challenges and open questions, guided by the raise of research questions regarding EHR in a Blockchain. More than 300 scientific studies published in the last ten years were surveyed, resulting in an up-to-date taxonomy creation, challenges and open questions identified, and the most significant approaches, data types, standards and architectures regarding the use of Blockchain for EHR were assessed and discussed.

scholarly journals Increased Concentration of Soluble CD40 Ligand in Preeclampsia

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inci Alacacioglu ◽  
Mehmet Ali Ozcan ◽  
Ozden Piskin ◽  
Faize Yuksel ◽  
Ahmet Alacacioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Endothelial Cell Activation ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Preeclampsia has been associated with increased platelet activation detected before disease onset. Platelets are involved in hemostasis and also directly initiate an inflammatory response of the vessel wall. Inappropriate activation of platelets may be involved in pathogenesis in preeclampsia by promoting coagulation and thrombosis, and also as a mediator of inflammation. Platelets may release inflammatory mediators such as soluble CD40 ligand. The plasma level of soluble CD40 ligand was investigated during preeclamptic (n =20) and normal pregnancies (n = 20) to emphasize inflammatory response in preeclampsia. The mean soluble CD40 ligand levels were 1.08 ± 0.43 ng/mL in patients with preeclampsia and 0.76 ± 0.24 ng/mL in healthy pregnant women, which was statistically significant ( P = .01). To clarify whether inflammation may cause inappropriate endothelial cell activation or inappropriate endothelial cell activation may start this inflammatory response, future studies are needed in a larger study population.

scholarly journals Urine Markers as Possible Tools for Prostate Cancer Screening: Review of Performance Characteristics and Practicality

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Müller ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Specimen Handling ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: In recent years, an increasing number of urine-based tests have been proposed as potential screening tests for prostate cancer. The goal of this review was to summarize the current status of evidence regarding performance characteristics of the proposed tests and their practicality under screening conditions. Method: Relevant articles published up to and including May 2005 were identified in the PubMed database. At least 10 cases and 10 controls had to be analyzed for a study to be included in the review. Data concerning the study population, performance characteristics, and the collection and processing of urine samples were extracted from the reviewed articles. Results: In all, 34 retrospective studies evaluating 21 different markers complied with the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were rather small and included heterogeneous clinical study populations. Promising results were reported for a few markers in single studies, but they have often not been replicated in subsequent larger studies. Some of the more promising results were obtained with 24-h urines or with specimen-handling procedures that might be difficult to perform under screening conditions. Conclusions: Larger studies with a prospective design are required to confirm promising findings regarding performance characteristics of some novel markers recently reported in mostly small studies. Future studies should also pay particular attention to the practicality of the markers under screening conditions.

A Regional Difference in Perception of the Tritone Paradox within the United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ragozzine ◽  
Diana Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
The South ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tritone Paradox ◽  
English Group

A previous study (Deutsch, 1991) demonstrated a striking difference in perception of the tritone paradox between subjects who had grown up in two different geographical regions. Specifically, a group of subjects who had grown up in California were compared with a group who had grown up in the South of England. When the Californian group tended to hear the pattern as ascending, the English group tended to hear it as descending, and vice versa. This raises the question of whether regional differences also exist within the United States in the way this pattern is perceived. The present study examined the percepts of subjects who had grown up in Mahoning and/or Trumbull counties in Ohio. Two groups were compared: those whose parents had also grown up in this area and those for whom this was not the case. A highly significant difference between these two groups of subjects was obtained, with those in the latter group producing a distribution of percepts similar to that found among Californians and those in the former group producing a different distribution. From this and other analyses of the data, it is concluded that regional differences in perception of the tritone paradox do indeed exist within the United States and that there is in addition an effect of familial background.

scholarly journals Cultural and Regional Characterictics of Poverty Segregations

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Siptár ◽  
Róbert Tésits ◽  
Levente Alpek
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Know How ◽  
Research Areas

AbstractThe process of segregation is a complex problem affecting both developed and developing states; it is influenced by territorial, historical, demographic and economic impacts. To solve this growing problem, we must know how it is influenced by different factors. In this case, we are able to describe the appropriate strategy. This study examines the characteristics of poverty’s regional segregation in Baranya county, Hungary. It describes and analyses the regularities and correlations at NUTS 3 level and compares four segregated living spaces in different areas of the county. Our theory postulates that segregation has different bases and different attributions according to geographical localisation. Due to the different and well-chosen research areas, this study is able to highlight these aforementioned regional differences and characteristics. According to the results, we create a standardisation system to form the basis for future studies and strategies. After all of the study analyses, the local conditions are categorised based on the previously established standardisation system. The results of this study can help manage the problems of marginalised social groups and territorial segregation and also create a strategy to handle them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document