High-Dose Ascorbic Acid Decreases Cholesterolemic Factors of an Atherogenic Diet in Guinea Pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Filis ◽  
Anastassopoulou ◽  
Sigala ◽  
Theodorou ◽  
Manouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The study evaluates the effect of a high supplemental dose of ascorbic acid (AA) on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), total lipids (TL), and lipoprotein fractions high-density, very-low-density-, and low-density lipoprotein (HDL, VLDL, LDL) in guinea pigs fed with atherogenic diet. Methods: Group I consisted of 5 normally fed guinea pigs plus a low dose of AA (1 mg/100 g/day), group II consisted of 7 guinea pigs fed with food enriched with 2% cholesterol plus a low dose of AA (1 mg/100 g/day), and group III consisted of 7 guinea pigs fed with food enriched with 2% cholesterol plus a high dose of AA (30 mg/100 g/day). Cholesterolemic factors concentrations were determined after nine weeks. Results: Concentrations of TC, TG, TL, LDL, and VLDL were increased in group II compared to group I (p < 0.01 for all differences). Supplementation with a high dose of AA resulted in decreased concentrations of TC (p < 0.01), TG (p < 0.01), TL (p < 0.01), and LDL (p < 0.01) in group III compared to group II. Additionally, concentration of HDL was increased in group III compared to group II (p < 0.01). Conclusion: High-dose AA supplementation to an atherogenic diet decreases concentrations of TC, TG, TL, and LDL and increases concentration of HDL compared to low-dose AA.

scholarly journals A clinical comparison of high dose and low dose of Suxamethonium

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
RK Yadav ◽  
PC Majhi ◽  
D Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Suxamethonium having its rapid onset and short duration of action makes this drug unique amongst the neuromuscular blocking drugs described so far. However, use of suxamethonium is associated with a large number of undesirable side effects. Objective: To evaluate clinical effects of high and low dose of suxamethonium and to determine whether lower dose of suxamethonium can be used for any beneficial effects in terms of its various adverse effects e.g. cardiovascular responses, post-operative muscle pains and intraocular pressure. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this prospective study. All these patients on preoperative clinical evaluation were assessed to have adequate airway. All the patients were divided in two groups, low dose group (group I) and High dose group (group II) with 50 patients in each at random. A standard anesthetic technique was adhered to all the patients and following parameters were observed on comparative basis: a. Fasciculation and post operative myalgia. b. Cardiovascular effects, c. Intraocular pressure. Observation: The incidence of post Suxamethonium pain was significantly greater in group II. Increase in heart rate from baseline was significant in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the diastolic pressure but rise in systolic blood pressure was significant at all assessment times in both groups. This rise from control was statistically significant. Conclusion: Suxamethonium can be used in lower doses (0.5 mg/kg) in elective cases without airway compromise. It gives benefits of reduced muscle pains, cardiovascular responses and intraocular hypertension. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-2, 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i2.9677

scholarly journals Dietary Consumption of Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Akinnuga ◽  
S. O. Jeje ◽  
O. Bamidele ◽  
V. E. Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a saturated fat with promising antidiabetic properties but its ameliorative effect on lipid profiles in diabetics is rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, a total of fifteen (15) male rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into 3 experimental groups (n=5). Group I (control) and Group II (diabetic control group) were fed a normal rat chow while Group III (diabetic test group) was fed a 10% VCO diet for 3 weeks. Group II and Group III were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of alloxan. After 72 hours of injection, blood glucose was tested to confirm diabetes mellitus. After 3 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood samples for lipid profile analysis. The results showed a significant increase in concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein and decrease in concentration of high density lipoprotein in Group II when compared to Group I. Also, the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein except high density lipoprotein significantly reduced in Group III when compared to Group II (P<0.01, 0.001). VCO consumption can be claimed to ameliorate lipid levels in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Morphologic and functional changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia in guinea pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yingxin zi ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Jingru Zhao ◽  
Meiqi Ji ◽  
Yali Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Our aim was to study the morphologic and functional changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia (FDHM) in guinea pigs and explore the possible mechanisms FDHM formation. Methods Forty 3-weeks-old guinea pigs were randomized into the blank control (Group I, 20 cases) and model groups (20 cases). In the model group, the right eyes of the guinea pigs were sutured 8 weeks to induce FDHM (Group II) and the left eyes were considered a self-control group (Group III). The diopters were measured with retinoscopy. The anterior chamber depth (AC), lens thickness (L), vitreous depth (V) and axial length (AL) were measured using ultrasonometry A. Retinal and scleral morphology and ultrastructural features were observed with light and electron microscopy. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the retina and sclera were detected with a chemical colorimetric assay. Results After remaining stitched for eight weeks, the diopters of Group II changed from (+3.59±0.33) D to (-7.96±0.55) D, and these values were significantly higher than those of Group I (+0.89±0.32) D and Group III (-0.55±0.49) D. The vitreous chamber depth (4.12±0.13) mm and axial length (8.93±0.22) mm of Group II were significantly longer than that of Group I [(3.71±0.23) mm and (7.95±0.37) mm, respectively] and Group III [(3.93±0.04) mm and (8.01±0.15) mm, respectively] (P < 0.05). With the prolongation of form deprivation, the retina and scleral tissue became thinner, the ganglion cell and inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina became decreased, and the arrangement was disordered. In Group II, the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that in Group I and Group III, and the content of MDA was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I and Group III. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggested that in the FDHM guinea pigs model, the diopter, the vitreous chamber depth, and axial length increased significantly with prolongation of monocular FD time, and morphological structural changes in the retina and sclera were observed. Oxygen free radicals might participate in the formation of FDHM.

scholarly journals Screening of anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Biacin Babu ◽  
Madhavrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Epilepsy is one of the major central nervous system disorders. The parent study aimed to screen the anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats.Methods: This study was done in Wistar albino rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups each of six rats. group-I (0.9% normal saline), group-II diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg/BW/ip), group-III carvedilol (1mg/kg/BW/PO), group-IV carvedilol (2 mg/kg/BW/PO) and group-V carvedilol (4 mg/kg/BW/PO). All the groups were administered drugs and subjected to electric shock. Scores of seizures and percentage of protection were recorded to compare between the groups. One was ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnet t test applied to find the statistically significant between the groups.Results: Group-I showed significant difference compared to other groups. Group-II showed significant difference with group-III and IV not with V. High dose of test drug and standard drug showed similar results in percentage of seizures prevention. Control and low doses of test drugs showed significant difference compared to standard and high dose of test drug in seizures prevention.Conclusions: High of carvedilol showed significant seizures prevention compared to low doses and control group.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of low dose versus high dose oxytocin regimen for induction of labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1948
Author(s):  
Paridhi Gupta ◽  
Indu Chawla ◽  
Sonal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Regimen ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTBackground: Induction of labour is an indispensable part of modern obstetrics and certainly one of the most frequently performed obstetric procedure in the world. Oxytocin, being the most common inducing agent with multiple protocols being practiced, further research is required for the establishment of better protocol with optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: Randomized comparative study including 100 term nulliparous women (randomized into high dose, group-I and low dose, group-II with 50 patients in each group) was done. High dose regimen was started with 4mu/min with increment of 4mu/min up to a maximum of 32mu/min and low dose regimen was started with 2mu/min with increment of 2mu/min up to a maximum of 32mu/min. Induction to delivery interval was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes noted were rate of caesarean section, tachysytole with or without fetal distress, failed induction, maternal outcomes like need for instrumental vaginal delivery, PPH and choriamnionitis, neonatal outcomes like NICU admission, umbilical cord pH and apgar score.Results: There was significant reduction seen in induction to delivery interval among those induced with high dose oxytocin regimen. It was found to be 6.96±3.77 hours in group-I and 9.05±4.65 hours in group-II (p value 0.034). Though incidence of tachysystole was more in high dose regimen, it was not statistically significant. No significant difference was seen in secondary outcomes.Conclusions: On the basis of present study, high dose oxytocin regimen can be considered for induction of labour as it has same effects as that of low dose regimen with lesser induction to delivery interval.

scholarly journals The effect of low dose midazolam in addition to ondansetron on post-operative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy – a comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
MM Masum-Ul Haque ◽  
Montosh K Mondal ◽  
S Afroz ◽  
SS Akhter ◽  
Abdul Hye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Operative Nausea

Background Nausea, retching and vomiting are among the most common postoperative complaints. Premedication with low dose midazolam in addition to ondansetron is more effective in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting. Objectives This study was designed to observe the effect of low dose midazolam 7.5mg in addition to ondansetron 4mg on postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods 100 patients of ASA grade I and II, age range 30-50 years and weight 50-70 kg were randomly selected by a blind envelop method. They were equally divided into four groups of 25 patients in group each. Group I received vitamin, Group II ondansetron 8mg, Group III ondansetron 8mg and midazolam 7.5mg and Group IV ondansetron 4mg and midazolam 7.5 mg orally one hour before operation. In the recovery room occurrence of nausea and vomiting was assessed for 24 hours. Results The incidence of nausea was in vitamin Group I 64%, in ond8 group II 32%, in ond8+mid7.5 group III 24% and in ond4+mid7.5 group IV 24%. The incidence among the groups was highly significant (p=0.008). The incidence of vomiting was in vitamin Group I 16%, in ond8 group II 16%, in ond8+mid7.5 group III 8% and in ond4+mid7.5 group IV 8%. The difference among the groups were not significant (p=0.808). Conclusion Low dose midazolam 7.5mg in addition to ondansetron 4mg is more effective in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19793 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 8-12

scholarly journals Comparison of various regimens of itraconazole in treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Dhoot ◽  
Piyush Prabhat ◽  
Lalita Mayadeo ◽  
Harshal Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Cure Rates

One of the most striking change in the current scenario is the increasing occurrence of non-albicans vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which is considered as the major cause of recurrence, relapse and chronic VVC in India. In the present study we evaluated the effectiveness of three different regimens of itraconazole in the treatment of acute VVC.The present randomised, three arm comparative clinical study involved 123 women aged 18 years or above with symptomatic acute VVC. These patients were randomised (41 patients in each group) to receive either itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 day (group I), 200 mg twice daily for 2 days (group II) or 100 mg twice daily for 3 days (group III). Effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of clinical cure (total symptom score), mycological cure (negative KOH test). All the groups were effective in relieving signs and symptoms (p&#60;0.05), but on comparison between all groups, there was statistical difference between Group II and Group I & III (p&#60;0.05) and Group III & I (p&#60;0.05). Complete cure i.e. disappearance of signs and symptoms and negative KOH test was maximum in group II (44%) as compared to groups I (12%) and III (17% of the patients). Relapse was least in seen in 11 patients (27%) in Group I, 3 patients (7%) in Group II and 7 patients (17%) in Group III. All the 3 regimens were well tolerated.In the present study, 2 day high dose itraconazole therapy was found to have better effectiveness compared to conventional regimens. Longer duration of therapy might be required to attain even better cure rates, especially when the incidence of Non Albicans vulvovaginal candidiasis is rising in all parts of the country.

scholarly journals Induction of Neurolathyrism in Guinea Pig Fed with Lathyrus sativus Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1223-1223
Author(s):  
Ankulu Madduluri ◽  
Vakdevi Validandi ◽  
Arjun Khandare
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Diet Intake

Abstract Objectives To induce Neurolathyrism in guinea pig fed with Lathyrus sativus diet. Methods Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly distributed into 3 groups, 8 animals each. Groups I control fed with control diet, Group II low toxin group fed with 90% Lathyrus diet containing 100 mg β-ODAP/100 g Lathyrus and Group III fed with 90% Lathyrus diet with 1060 mg β-ODAP/100 gLathyrus. The experiment was for 2 months. Diet intake, body weight, protein carbonyl, catalase, MDA, specific activity of electron transport complexes I, II, III and IV in cortex and cerebellum were analyzed. Histopathological and morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy Results The diet intake and bodyweight was significantly reduced in both the experimental groups (II & III) as compared group I. Protein carbonyls levels were significantly increased in motor cortex region of group II & III as compared to group I. The catalase activity in cortex region was significantly decreased in group II & III compared to group I. The MDA levels in motar cortex region were significantly higher in the group II & III as compared to group I. Whereas the MDA levels in the cerebellum was significantly higher in group III as compared to group I. The activity of complex I and II of cortex was decreased significantly in group II and III as compared to group I. However, there was no significant change in specific activity of electron transport complex II and complex III. The nitrate levels in the group II & III were significantly higher than group I in the cortex region. However, there were no significant differences in the nitrate levels in the cerebellum region. Electron microscopic study of motor cortex showed that the extensive degeneration of motor neuron was observed in group II and III compared to group I. Conclusions Consumption of ninety % Lathyrus sativus dietfor 2 months induces neurolathyrism in guinea pigs. Funding Sources Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.

scholarly journals Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation by ascorbic acid in rats: Histopathological and ultrastructural study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211982826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed ◽  
Yasser M Elbastawisy ◽  
Wael M Elsaed
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide is a bacterial endotoxin that induces acute lung injury in experimental animals, which is similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. The induced tissue trauma ends in fibrosis. Understanding the pathogenesis is important in the prevention and treatment of the complications. This study was assigned to investigate the long-term lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and the postulated protective effect of ascorbic acid on these changes. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I was the controls, group II received lipopolysaccharide and group III received lipopolysaccharide and ascorbic acid. After 30 days of starting treatment, lung tissue samples were obtained. Results: Group II lung tissues showed marked thickening of the alveolar septa with collapsed alveolar sacs, detached bronchial epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive deposition of collagen. Group III showed mild thickening of the alveolar walls, scanty inflammatory cell infiltration, mild parabronchial fibrosis and less marked collagen deposition. α-Smooth muscle actin staining of group II showed marked expression of the actin-positive cells. Less potential expression of the dye was found in group III. Ultrastructural examination of group II showed evident structural changes in pneumocytes with capillary basement membrane irregularity and interruption compared to uniform basement membrane in group III with less prominent intracellular changes in pneumocytes. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid attenuated the inflammatory response and fibrosis in the lungs of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide as evidenced by the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of high-dose finasteride (5 mg/day) versus low-dose finasteride (2.5 mg/day) in the treatment of hirsutism

2002 ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bayram ◽  
M Guven ◽  
F Kelestimur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Estradiol Levels

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of high-dose (5 mg/day) and low-dose (2.5 mg/day) finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism in women. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-six hirsute women with moderate to severe hirsutism were prospectively evaluated to see the effects of low-dose (2.5 mg/day) and high-dose (5 mg/day) finasteride. Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group I (n=29) received 2.5 mg finasteride/day and group II (n=27) received 5 mg finasteride/day orally for 1 year. Hirsutism score, body mass index and hormonal parameters (FSH, LH, estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin) were measured in all the patients before treatment and repeated at six-monthly intervals. RESULTS: The hirsutism scores decreased significantly at months 6 and 12 from a mean+/-s.d. of 18.4+/-4.6 to 13.3+/-5.2 (P<0.001) and 18.4+/-4.6 to 8.6+/-4.2 (P<0.001) in group I and from 18.7+/-5.2 to 13.9+/-5.3 (P<0.001) and 18.7+/-5.2 to 10.3+/-5.0 (P<0.001) in group II respectively. No significant changes in the blood chemistry and hormonal parameters except estradiol levels were observed. No serious side-effects were seen in the two groups. In group II, estradiol levels increased significantly at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, hirsutism scores decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months in both groups I and II. Low-dose (2.5 mg/day) finasteride is safe and cost effective in the treatment of hirsutism and may be used instead of high-dose finasteride (5 mg/day) therapy.

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