Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate impacts glucose homeostasis and increases liver size in trained mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Ines Schadock ◽  
Barbara G. Freitas ◽  
Irae L. Moreira ◽  
Joao A. Rincon ◽  
Marcio Nunes Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Intensive Training

Abstract. β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) is a bioactive metabolite derived from the amino acid leucine, usually applied for muscle mass increase during physical training, as well as for muscle mass maintenance in debilitating chronic diseases. The hypothesis of the present study is that HMB is a safe supplement for muscle mass gain by strength training. Based on this, the objective was to measure changes in body composition, glucose homeostasis and hepatic metabolism of HMB supplemented mice during strength training. Two of four groups of male mice (n = 6/group) underwent an 8-week training period session (climbing stairs) with or without HMB supplementation (190 mg/kgBW per day). We observed lower body mass gain (4.9 ± 0.43% versus 1.2 ± 0.43, p < 0.001) and increased liver mass (40.9 ± 0.9 mg/gBW versus 44.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) in the supplemented trained group compared with the non-supplemented groups. The supplemented trained group had an increase in relative adipose tissue mass (12.4 ± 0.63 mg/gBW versus 16.1 ± 0.88, P < 0.01) compared to the non-supplemented untrained group, and an increase in fasting blood glucose (111 ± 4.58 mg/dL versus 122 ± 3.70, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance (3.79 ± 0.19 % glucose decay/min versus 2.45 ± 0.28, P < 0.05) comparing with non-supplemented trained group. Adaptive heart hypertrophy was observed only in the non-supplemented trained group (4.82 ± 0.05 mg/gBW versus 5.12 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). There was a higher hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 expression (P = 0.002) in supplemented untrained comparing with non-supplemented untrained group. Gene expression of gluconeogenesis regulatory factors was increased by training and reduced by HMB supplementation. These results confirm that HMB supplementation associated with intensive training protocol drives changes in glucose homeostasis and liver metabolism in mice.

Effects of Muscle Strength Training on Muscle Mass Gain and Hypertrophy in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun‐De Liao ◽  
Hung‐Chou Chen ◽  
Yu‐Chi Kuo ◽  
Jau‐Yih Tsauo ◽  
Shih‐Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mass Gain

Effects of neurosecretory protein GL on food intake and fat accumulation under different dietary nutrient compositions in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fukumura ◽  
Kenshiro Shikano ◽  
Yuaki Narimatsu ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Megumi Furumitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Body Mass Gain ◽  
Sucrose Diet

Abstract We recently identified a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), which is involved in energy homeostasis in birds and mammals. However, whether the action of NPGL is influenced by nutritional composition remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of NPGL for 13 days on feeding behavior and body mass gain under a normal chow diet (NC), high-fat diet, high-sucrose diet (HSD), and medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) in rats. NPGL stimulated food intake of NC and MFSD, especially during the light period. By contrast, NPGL decreased body mass gain under NC and increased total white adipose tissue mass in HSD- and MFSD-fed rats. These data suggest that the effects of NPGL on feeding behavior, body mass gain, and fat accumulation depend on nutrient type. Among them, sucrose in diets seems to contribute to fat accumulation elicited by NPGL.

MO612THE ROLE OF MECHANICAL MUSCLE POWER IN PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION: A MODEL FOR TAILORING RESISTANCE-BASED REHABILITATION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wilkinson ◽  
Eleanor Gore ◽  
Jared Palmer ◽  
Luke Baker ◽  
Emma Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Relative Power

Abstract Background and Aims Individuals living with CKD are characterised by adverse changes in physical function. Knowledge of the factors that mediate impairments in physical functioning is crucial for developing effective interventions that preserve mobility and future independence. Mechanical muscle power describes the rate of performing work and is the product of muscular force and velocity of contraction. Muscle power has been shown to have stronger associations with functional limitations and mortality than sarcopenia in older adults. In CKD, the role of mechanical muscle power is poorly understood and is overlooked as a target in many rehabilitation programmes, often at the expense of muscle mass or strength. The aims of this study were to 1) explore the prevalence of low absolute mechanical power, low relative mechanical power, and low specific mechanical power in CKD; and 2) investigate the association of mechanical power with the ability to complete activities of daily living and physical performance. Method Mechanical muscle power (relative, allometric, specific) was calculated using the sit-to-stand-5 (STS5) test as per previously validated equations. Legs lean mass was derived from regional analyses conducted using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Physical performance was assessed using two objective tests: usual gait speed and the ‘time-up-and-go’ (TUAG) test. Self-reported activities of daily living (ADLs) were assessed via the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI). Balance and postural stability (postural sway and velocity) was assessed using a FysioMeter. Sex-specific tertiles were used to determine low, medium and high levels of relative STS power and its main components. Results 102 participants with non-dialysis CKD were included (mean age: 62.0 (±14.1) years, n=49 males (48%), mean eGFR: 38.0 (±21.5) ml.min.1.73m2). The mean estimated relative power was 3.1 (±1.5) W.kg in females and 3.3 (±1.3) W.kg in males. Low relative power was found in 35/102 (34%) patients. Relative power was a significant independent predictor of self-reported ADLs (via the DASI) (B=.413, P=.004), and performance on the TUAG (B=-.719, P&lt;.001) and gait speed (B=.404, P=.003) tests. Skeletal muscle mass was not associated with the DASI or any of the objective function tests Conclusion Patients presenting with low muscle power would benefit from participation in appropriate interventions designed to improve the physiological components accounting for low relative muscle power. Assessment of power can be used to tailor renal rehabilitation programmes as shown in Figure 1. Incorporation of power-based training, a novel type of strength training, designed by manipulating traditional strength training variables and primarily movement velocity and training intensity may present the best strategy for improving physical function in CKD.

scholarly journals A Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIB Prevents the Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Body Composition and Bone Health

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (9) ◽  
pp. 4289-4300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Koncarevic ◽  
Milton Cornwall-Brady ◽  
Abigail Pullen ◽  
Monique Davies ◽  
Dianne Sako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Activin Receptor

Androgen deprivation, a consequence of hypogonadism, certain cancer treatments, or normal aging in men, leads to loss of muscle mass, increased adiposity, and osteoporosis. In the present study, using a soluble chimeric form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) we sought to offset the adverse effects of androgen deprivation on muscle, adipose tissue, and bone. Castrated (ORX) or sham-operated (SHAM) mice received either TBS [vehicle-treated (VEH)] or systemic administration of ActRIIB-mFc, a soluble fusion protein comprised of a form of the extracellular domain of ActRIIB fused to a murine IgG2aFc subunit. In vivo body composition imaging demonstrated that ActRIIB-mFc treatment results in increased lean tissue mass of 23% in SHAM mice [19.02 ± 0.42 g (VEH) versus 23.43 ± 0.35 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P &lt; 0.00001] and 26% in ORX mice [15.59 ± 0.26 g (VEH) versus 19.78 ± 0.26 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P &lt; 0.00001]. Treatment also caused a decrease in adiposity of 30% in SHAM mice [5.03 ± 0.48 g (VEH) versus 3.53 ± 0.19 g (ActRIIB-mFc), NS] and 36% in ORX mice [7.12 ± 0.53 g (VEH) versus 4.57 ± 0.28 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P &lt; 0.001]. These changes were also accompanied by altered serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin, as well as by prevention of steatosis (fatty liver) in ActRIIB-mFc-treated ORX mice. Finally, ActRIIB-mFc prevented loss of bone mass in ORX mice as assessed by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography of proximal tibias. The data demonstrate that treatment with ActRIIB-mFc restored muscle mass, adiposity, and bone quality to normal levels in a mouse model of androgen deprivation, thereby alleviating multiple adverse consequences of such therapy.

scholarly journals Lack of Associations between Elevated Serum Uric Acid and Components of Metabolic Syndrome Such as Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and T2DM in Overweight and Obese Chinese Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Qifa Song ◽  
Xi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Chinese Adults

The overweight and obese population experiences a higher occurrence of both hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. The present study was to explore the relationship between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome-related risk factors among 409 obese Chinese adults (254 women and 155 men) with >24 kg/m2 BMI. Based on sex-specific reference ranges, 233 (57%) patients showed elevated serum uric acid. A total of 15 attributes were selected to assess the associations between elevated serum uric acid and components of metabolic syndrome, including serum uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urine microalbumin, muscle mass amount, BMI, and age. Among the participants stratified into three groups of grade I, grade II, and grade III obesity, as well as among the participants stratified into male and female groups, univariate correlation analysis identified a negative association (P<0.01) for age, positive associations (P<0.01) for BMI, muscle mass, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine. The stepwise multivariate logistic regression proved similar associations for age, BMI, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase. No significant associations were testified between serum uric acid levels and cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, and urine microalbumin. Factor analysis illustrated that 15 attributes could be grouped into two common factors and five individual factors. A common underlying factor was identified among uric acid, muscle mass, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and BMI. The results indicate that serum uric acid has no apparent association with metabolic syndromes that are commonly characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and T2DM.

scholarly journals The islet-expressed Lhx1 transcription factor interacts with Islet-1 and contributes to glucose homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. E397-E409
Author(s):  
Maigen Bethea ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Alexa K. Wade ◽  
Rachel Mullen ◽  
Rajesh Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Knockout Mouse Model ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Islet 1

The LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) interacts with the LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1) coregulator to control expression of key pancreatic β-cell genes. However, Ldb1 also has Isl1-independent effects, supporting that another LIM-HD factor interacts with Ldb1 to impact β-cell development and/or function. LIM homeobox 1 (Lhx1) is an Isl1-related LIM-HD transcription factor that appears to be expressed in the developing mouse pancreas and in adult islets. However, roles for this factor in the pancreas are unknown. This study aimed to determine Lhx1 interactions and elucidate gene regulatory and physiological roles in the pancreas. Co-immunoprecipitation using β-cell extracts demonstrated an interaction between Lhx1 and Isl1, and thus we hypothesized that Lhx1 and Isl1 regulate similar target genes. To test this, we employed siRNA-mediated Lhx1 knockdown in β-cell lines and discovered reduced Glp1R mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed Lhx1 occupancy at a domain also known to be occupied by Isl1 and Ldb1. Through development of a pancreas-wide knockout mouse model ( Lhx1∆Panc), we demonstrate that aged Lhx1∆Panc mice have elevated fasting blood glucose levels, altered intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance, and significantly upregulated glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, MafB, and Arx islet mRNAs. Additionally, Lhx1∆Panc mice exhibit significantly reduced Glp1R, an mRNA encoding the insulinotropic receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 along with a concomitant dampened Glp1 response and mild glucose intolerance in mice challenged with oral glucose. These data are the first to reveal that the Lhx1 transcription factor contributes to normal glucose homeostasis and Glp1 responses.

AGE, BIRTH CONTROL, STRENGTH TRAINING HISTORY ASSOCIATED TO LEAN MASS GAIN WITH STRENGTH TRAINING

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. S281
Author(s):  
M A. Newman ◽  
S E. Riechman ◽  
G Balasekaran ◽  
S M. Roth ◽  
R E. Ferrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Training History

Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Recommendations by Coaches of Adolescent Brazilian Athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ridel Juzwiak ◽  
Fabio Ancona-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Fat Diets

The objectives of this study were to describe the dietary practices recommended by coaches working with adolescent athletes and to assess their nutritional knowledge. During a regional competition in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 55 coaches were interviewed. These coaches represented 22 cities with athletes enrolled in Olympic gymnastics, tennis, swimming, and judo events. A 3- section questionnaire was used to obtain data on demographic characteristics, dietary recommendations, and nutrition knowledge. Results showed that all coaches recommended general dietary practices during training, with no specific strategies for pre-, during-, and post-training periods. The main objectives of the recommendations for the training period were weight control and muscle mass gain. Deleterious weight control practices were recommended by 27% of the coaches. Specific dietary practices pre and post competition were recommended by 93% and 46% of the coaches, respectively. Participants responded correctly to 70% (SD = 3.2) of the nutrition knowledge questions, with no significant differences (p = .61) between sports. The knowledge test identified a tendency to overvalue proteins, excessively low-fat diets, and food myths. These findings indicate the importance of developing strategies that will enhance the nutritional training of coaches.

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