Secular Trends of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, 1904–2017

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Maria Helena Prado de Mello Jorge ◽  
Eliseu Alves Waldman ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. Background: Few reports from developing countries have described long-term trends in suicide. Aims: To investigate the age-, sex-, and method-specific trends in suicide over the period 1904–2017 in São Paulo. Method: Mortality data were obtained from SEADE, DATASUS, and PRO-AIM. Results: Suicide peaked in the mid-1910s and mid-1950s, being higher among men. There was an upward trend from the 1920s for men and from the 1930s for women. Suicide rates have declined since the mid-1950s, reaching lower rates in the past 40 years. Men aged 60+ had higher rates at the beginning and a decreasing trend. Suicide rates among men aged 20–39 and 40–59 peaked in the mid-1950s and declined until the late 1970s, thereafter remaining stable. Women aged 20–39 years had the highest rates with decreasing trends from the mid-1950s. No trends were detected for the age group 40–59, and women aged 60+ presented a decreasing trend. Rates among women aged 0–19 declined after the late 1970s. Suicide by poisoning peaked in the 1950s, and there was a downward trend for firearms and an upward trend for hanging. Conclusion: Suicide trends vary by sex, age group, and method. Accurate monitoring of these trends is an important task for suicide prevention and public health agencies and personnel.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in Unintentional Fall Mortality in China: A Population-Based Age-Period-Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenkun Wang ◽  
Youzhen Hu ◽  
Fang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Unintentional Falls

Background: Unintentional falls seriously threaten the life and health of people in China. This study aimed to assess the long-term trends of mortality from unintentional falls in China and to examine the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects behind them.Methods: This population-based multiyear cross-sectional study of Chinese people aged 0–84 years was a secondary analysis of the mortality data of fall injuries from 1990 to 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates of unintentional falls by year, sex, and age group were used as the main outcomes and were analyzed within the age-period-cohort framework.Results: Although the crude mortality rates of unintentional falls for men and women showed a significant upward trend, the age-standardized mortality rates for both sexes only increased slightly. The net drift of unintentional fall mortality was 0.13% (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.3%) per year for men and −0.71% (95% CI, −0.96 to −0.46%) per year for women. The local drift values for both sexes increased with age group. Significant age, cohort, and period effects were found behind the mortality trends of the unintentional falls for both sexes in China.Conclusions: Unintentional falls are still a major public health problem that disproportionately threatens the lives of men and women in China. Efforts should be put in place urgently to prevent the growing number of fall-related mortality for men over 40 years old and women over 70 years old. Gains observed in the recent period, relative risks (RRs), and cohort RRs may be related to improved healthcare and better education.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of prostate cancer mortality in the state of São Paulo, from 1980 to 2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary Serpa Neto ◽  
Marcos Tobias-Machado ◽  
Marcelo Langer Wroclawski ◽  
Marco Akerman ◽  
Antônio Carlos Lima Pompeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The State ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Treatment Measures

ABSTRACT Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasm among men worldwide. This study aimed to examine the trend in mortality rates of prostate cancer among the population in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1980 to 2007. Methods: a descriptive study of temporal series was conducted using mortality data due to prostate cancer between1980 and 2007 in the state of São Paulo. Mortality rates were obtained from the SUS Information System on Mortality (SIM/SUS – DATASUS). The age-specific mortality rates were calculated as well as linear regression and temporal trend analysis. Results: It could be observed that mortality increased according to age, being very similar only between the age group 70-79 years and ≥ 80 years (p = 0.047). The mortality peak in the age group 50-79 years occurred at the same time; however, the drop in mortality rates since then has been much more pronounced in the group of 50-59 years. There was a linear increase and direct association between the number of biopsies and the incidence of prostate cancer (r = 0.714, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a major cause of mortality in São Paulo and effective screening and treatment measures should be adopted to improve this scenario.

Toxocariasis/cysticercosis seroprevalence in a long-term rural settlement, São Paulo, Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PRESTES-CARNEIRO ◽  
D. H. P. SOUZA ◽  
G. C. MORENO ◽  
C. TROIANI ◽  
V. SANTARÉM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Ocular Manifestations

SUMMARYSeroprevalence of Toxocara and Taenia solium and risk factors for infection with these parasites were explored in a long-term rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil. An ELISA for the detection of anti-Toxocara IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium cysticerci was standardized using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES) obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of T. canis and by vesicular fluid antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (VF). For cysticercosis, the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blot using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from VF. Out of 182 subjects, 25 (13·7%) presented anti-Toxocara IgG and a positive correlation between total IgE and the reactive index of specific anti-TES IgE (P=0·0265) was found amongst the subjects found seropositive for anti-Toxocara IgG. In these individuals 38·0% showed ocular manifestations. The frequency of anti-T. solium cysticerci confirmed by Western blot was 0·6%. Seropositivity for Toxocara was correlated with low educational levels and the owning of dogs. Embryonated eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 43·3% of the analysed areas.

Long-term safety of azathioprine for treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro GOMES ◽  
Milena Sales PITOMBEIRA ◽  
Douglas Kazutoshi SATO ◽  
Dagoberto CALLEGARO ◽  
Samira Luisa APÓSTOLOS-PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Record Review

ABSTRACT Background: Azathioprine is a common first-line therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term treatment (>10 years) with azathioprine is safe in NMOSD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of all patients at the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) who fulfilled the 2015 international consensus diagnostic criteria for NMOSD and were treated with azathioprine for at least 10 years. Results: Out of 375 patients assessed for eligibility, 19 were included in this analysis. These patients’ median age was 44 years (range=28-61); they were mostly female (17/19) and AQP4-IgG seropositive (18/19). The median disease duration was 15 years (range=10-39) and most patients presented a relapsing clinical course (84.2%). The median duration of treatment was 11.9 years (range=10.0-23.8). The median annualized relapse rates (ARR) pre- and post-treatment with azathioprine were 1 (range=0.1-2) and 0.1 (range=0-0.35); p=0.09. Three patients (15.7%) had records of adverse events during the follow-up, which consisted of chronic B12 vitamin deficiency, pulmonary tuberculosis and breast cancer. Conclusion: Azathioprine may be considered a safe agent for long-term treatment (>10 years) of NMOSD, but continuous vigilance for infections and malignancies is required.

scholarly journals Relações interespecíficas de cuidado no sistema de saúde convencional brasileiro: uma análise antropológica sobre a dinâmica da zooterapia

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
General Question ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Animal Care

Através de uma análise das atividades desenvolvidas pelos terapeutas da zooterapia, apresentado pela experiência de um trabalho de observação de longa duração, este artigo se propõe a colocar em questão a associação do homem e do animal, em um corpus de conhecimentos vindo de uma “etologia” empírica e de um corpus elaborado e estruturado de saberes antropológicos. A zooterapia enquanto mediação animal é uma técnica de cuidado para além de uma constatação trivial interespecífica ou de uma projeção antropomórfica sobre os animais de categorias universalmente reconhecidas como humanas. Ela permite nos interrogarmos sobre o recurso à participação animal e seu estatuto de sujeito dotado de capacidades agentivas, ao lado de um terapeuta humano e face à uma pessoa doente. Por ocasião de três estudos de caso contextualmente situados nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, destacamos a questão mais geral da interação entre os dados empíricos que a zooterapia acumula e as representações sociais que são implicitamente mobilizadas para situar o animal dentro de uma cadeia operativa. De modo geral a problemática de interesse deste artigo trata das práticas e horizontes relacionais que atravessam vários grupos sociais e indivíduos contemporâneos que apostam na direção de uma relação interespecífica. Essa problemática é também empírica e epistemológica, pois demarca uma remodelação das diferenças entre natureza e cultura, baseada em uma conjunção de fenômenos invocados a caracterizar os sujeitos (conduta, ações, afetos, comportamento).Palavras-chave: Antropologia da natureza. Agentividade dos animais. Zooterapia. Modalidades de ações.The interspecific relations for human care in the conventional health system: an anthropological analysis of the dynamics of zootherapyAbstractThrough an analysis of the activities developed by zootherapy therapists, presented by the experience of a long-term work of observation, this article proposes to put in question the association of man and animal, in a corpus of knowledge coming from an empirical "ethology" and an elaborate and structured anthropological knowledge corpus. The zootherapy as an animal care mediation is a technique other than an interspecific trivial finding, or an anthropomorphic projection on animals of universally recognized as human categories. It allows us to interrogate about the use of animals and their status as subjects endowed with agentive capacities, alongside a human therapist and in face of a sick person. Based on three case studies contextually located in the cities of Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, we highlight the more general question of the interaction between the empirical data that zootherapy accumulates and social representations that are implicitly mobilized to locate the animal inside of an operative chain. More comprehensively the issue of interest in this paper deals with the practical and relational horizons that cut across social groups and contemporary individuals who bet on the direction of an interspecies relationship. This problem is also empirical and epistemological because it marks a remodel of the differences between nature and culture, based on a combination of phenomena invoked to characterize the subjects (behavior, actions, feelings).Keywords: Anthropology of nature. Animal agency. Zootherapy. Modalities of actions.

scholarly journals Long-term association between the intensity of cosmic rays and mortality rates in the city of Sao Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 024009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Z Vieira ◽  
E Janot-Pacheco ◽  
C Lage ◽  
A Pacini ◽  
P Koutrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The City

Long-Term Evaluation of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Paediatric Heart Transplantation in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1662
Author(s):  
Adam Arshad ◽  
Estela Azeka ◽  
Samia Barbar ◽  
Raphael Marcondes ◽  
Adailson Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Term Evaluation

scholarly journals Assessing the validity of a food frequency questionnaire among low-income women in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marly Augusto Cardoso ◽  
Luciana Yuki Tomita ◽  
Elaine Cristina Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Low Income Women

This study describes the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 93 low-income women (20-65 years), participating in a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil. Two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2, 12 months apart) and three 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) were conducted between 2003 and 2004 to estimate dietary intake during the past year. The Pearson correlation coefficients (crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated) were used for comparisons between FFQ and 24hR. The agreement between the methods was further examined by the Bland-Altman analysis. For the assessment of long-term reliability, the energy-adjusted intra-class correlation coefficients were mostly around 0.40, but higher for vitamin A and folate (0.50-0.56). Energy-adjusted, attenuation-corrected Pearson validity correlations between FFQ and DR ranged from 0.30-0.54 for macronutrients to 0.20-0.48 for micronutrients, with higher value for calcium (0.75). There were small proportions of grossly misclassified nutrient intakes, while Bland-Altman plots indicated that the FFQ is accurate in assessing nutrient intake at a group level.

scholarly journals Did the introduction and increased prescribing of antidepressants lead to changes in long-term trends of suicide rates?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Amendola ◽  
Martin Plöderl ◽  
Michael P Hengartner
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Background Ecological studies have explored associations between suicide rates and antidepressant prescriptions in the population, but most of them are limited as they analyzed short-term correlations that may be spurious. The aim of this long-term study was to examine whether trends in suicide rates changed in three European countries when the first antidepressants were introduced in 1960 and when prescription rates increased steeply after 1990 with the introduction of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Methods Data were extracted from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide rates were calculated for people aged 10–89 years from 1951–2015 for Italy, 1955–2016 for Austria and 1951–2013 for Switzerland. Trends in suicide rates stratified by gender were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results There was a general pattern of long-term trends that was broadly consistent across all three countries. Suicide rates were stable or decreasing during the 1950s and 1960s, they rose during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s and thereafter they declined. There were a few notable exceptions to these general trends. In Italian men, suicide rates increased until 1997, then fell sharply until 2006 and increased again from 2006 to 2015. In women from all three countries, there was an extended period during the 2000s when suicide rates were stable. No trend changes occurred around 1960 or 1990. Conclusions The introduction of antidepressants around 1960 and the sharp increase in prescriptions after 1990 with the introduction of the SSRIs did not coincide with trend changes in suicide rates in Italy, Austria or Switzerland.

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