scholarly journals Measuring Driving Fear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Fischer ◽  
Annette Schröder ◽  
Joanne E. Taylor ◽  
Jens Heider
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
German Language ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Dsm 5

Abstract. Presently, there is no instrument to support the diagnosis of driving fear and its severity. To enable a reliable and valid diagnosis, the 5-item German-language Instrument for Fear of Driving (IFD) was developed. The items, by DSM-5 criteria for a specific phobia, measure the emotional, cognitive, and physiological components of driving fear as well as the degree of avoidance and impairment. The present paper comprises two studies that describe the development of the IFD and its psychometric properties. In Study 1, the IFD was administered to 810 non-clinical participants in an online survey and demonstrated good reliability and construct validity. In Study 2, fifty-four people with a clinical diagnosis, including clinically relevant driving fear, completed the IFD and a clinical interview. The IFD demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, and a cut-off score resulted in 95% sensitivity and 97% specificity. While the findings are preliminary and further studies with larger samples are needed, the IFD is a promising screening instrument for driving fear and its severity.

scholarly journals Manuscript Instrument for Fear of Driving (IFD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Fischer ◽  
Annette Schröder ◽  
Joanne E. Taylor ◽  
Jens Heider
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
German Language ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Dsm 5

Presently, there is no instrument to support the diagnosis of driving fear and its severity. To enable a reliable and valid diagnosis, the five-item German-language Instrument for Fear of Driving (IFD) was developed. The items, in accordance with DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia, measure the emotional, cognitive and physiological components of driving fear as well as the degree of avoidance and impairment. The present paper comprises two studies that describe the development of the IFD and its psychometric properties. In Study 1, the IFD was administered to 810 non-clinical participants in an online survey and demonstrated good reliability and construct validity. In Study 2, 54 people with a clinical diagnosis, including clinically relevant driving fear, completed the IFD and a clinical interview. The IFD demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, and a cut-off score resulted in 95% sensitivity and 97% specificity. The IFD is a promising screening instrument for driving fear and its severity.

The Stigma of Suicide Scale

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Alison L. Calear ◽  
Helen Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National University ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
At Home

Background: There are presently no validated scales to adequately measure the stigma of suicide in the community. The Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) is a new scale containing 58 descriptors of a “typical” person who completes suicide. Aims: To validate the SOSS as a tool for assessing stigma toward suicide, to examine the scale’s factor structure, and to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes. Method: In March 2010, 676 staff and students at the Australian National University completed the scale in an online survey. The construct validity of the SOSS was assessed by comparing its factors with factors extracted from the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Results: Three factors were identified: stigma, isolation/depression, and glorification/normalization. Each factor had high internal consistency and strong concurrent validity with the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire. More than 25% of respondents agreed that people who suicided were “weak,” “reckless,” or “selfish.” Respondents who were female, who had a psychology degree, or who spoke only English at home were less stigmatizing. A 16-item version of the scale also demonstrated robust psychometric properties. Conclusions: The SOSS is the first attitudes scale designed to directly measure the stigma of suicide in the community. Results suggest that psychoeducation may successfully reduce stigma.

The Vocabulary and Overclaiming Test (VOC-T)

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ziegler ◽  
Christoph Kemper ◽  
Beatrice Rammstedt
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Accuracy Index ◽  
Bias Index ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Verbal Knowledge

The present research aimed at constructing a questionnaire measuring overclaiming tendencies (VOC-T-bias) as an indicator of self-enhancement. An approach was used which also allows estimation of a score for vocabulary knowledge, the accuracy index (VOC-T-accuracy), using signal detection theory. For construction purposes, an online study was conducted with N = 1,176 participants. The resulting questionnaire, named Vocabulary and Overclaiming – Test (VOC-T) was investigated with regard to its psychometric properties in two further studies. Study 2 used data from a population representative sample (N = 527), and Study 3 was another online survey (N = 933). Results show that reliability estimates were satisfactory for the VOC-T-bias index and the VOC-T-accuracy index. Overclaiming did not correlate with knowledge, but it was sensitive to self-enhancement supporting the construct validity of the test scores. The VOC-T-accuracy index in turn covaried with general knowledge and even more so with verbal knowledge, which also supports construct validity. Moreover, the VOC-T-accuracy index had a meaningful correlation with age in both validation studies. All in all, the psychometric properties can be regarded as sufficient to recommend the VOC-T for research purposes.

scholarly journals Three Versions of the Perceived Stress Scale: Psychometric Evaluation in a Nationally Representative Sample of Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8312
Author(s):  
Zhuang She ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ningning Zhou ◽  
Juzhe Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Nationally Representative

(1) Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has created pressure in people’s daily lives, further threatening public health. Thus, it is important to assess people’s perception of stress during COVID-19 for both research and practical purposes. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure perceived stress; however, previous validation studies focused on specific populations, possibly limiting the generalization of results. (2) Methods: This study tested the psychometric properties of three versions of the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-14, CPSS-10, and CPSS-4) in the Chinese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. A commercial online survey was employed to construct a nationally representative sample of 1133 adults in Mainland China (548 males and 585 females) during a one-week period. (3) Results: The two-factor (positivity and negativity) solution for the three versions of the CPSS showed a good fit with the data. The CPSS-14 and CPSS-10 had very good reliability and the CPSS-4 showed acceptable reliability. Scores on all three versions of the CPSS were significantly correlated in the expected direction with health-related variables (e.g., depression, anxiety, and perceived COVID-19 risk), supporting the concurrent validity of the CPSS. (4) Conclusions: All three versions of the CPSS appear to be appropriate for use in research with samples of adults in the Chinese general population under the COVID-19 crisis. The CPSS-10 and CPSS-14 both have strong psychometric properties, but the CPSS-10 would have more utility because it is shorter than the CPSS-14. However, the CPSS-4 is an acceptable alternative when administration time is limited.

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in a Romanian Community Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Ticu CONSTANTIN ◽  
Elena G. NICUȚĂ ◽  
Diana GRĂDINARU
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Mean Differences

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) evaluates 25 maladaptive personality traits proposed in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders. The questionnaire has been extensively investigated and validated in several languages. The current research sought to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument in a sample of nonclinical Romanian participants (N = 1276). Results indicated excellent internal consistency for the domain level, and very good reliability for the facet level. The assumption of unidimensionality was supported at both the domain and facet levels, apart from Risk Taking. Two domain scoring methods were also compared. One of them takes into consideration all the 25 lower order facets, whereas the other uses only 15 facets. Results show that mean differences across the two scoring methods were small, except for Disinhibition. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses revealed slightly better fit indices for the model which uses 15 facets only. Lastly, the hierarchical structure of maladaptive personality traits was explored. Results are discussed in the light of previous literature.

scholarly journals The Chinese version of the Gold-MSI: Adaptation and validation of an inventory for the measurement of musical sophistication in a Taiwanese sample

2019 ◽  
pp. 102986491987198
Author(s):  
Hsin-Rui Lin ◽  
Reinhard Kopiez ◽  
Daniel Müllensiefen ◽  
Anna Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musical Ability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Perception Task

This study presents the Chinese adaptation of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), an instrument for measuring individual differences in musical ability and skilled musical behaviour. Its psychometric properties were examined with a Taiwanese sample. The Gold-MSI inventory was translated into Chinese following recommendations from the literature on cross-cultural test development. Subsequently, the psychometric properties of the Chinese Gold-MSI self-report inventory, including the Melody Memory Task and the Beat Alignment Perception Task, were evaluated using an online survey with 1,065 participants. Results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the original factor structure of the Gold-MSI inventory showed an acceptable fit with the data from the Chinese-speaking sample. In addition, the Chinese Gold-MSI inventory shows good reliability. The Melody Memory Task and the Beat Alignment Perception Task also have sufficient test-retest reliability. Finally, correlations between the Chinese Gold-MSI inventory and the Musical-Rhythmic Intelligence subscale of the Eight Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire as well as the two additional music tests provide evidence for convergent and divergent validity. Overall, the data suggest that the Chinese Gold-MSI has good psychometric properties. Percentile norms for the Gold-MSI inventory and the music tests from the present sample are reported for use in future studies. The present study thus makes a valuable contribution to cross-cultural research in music psychology by enabling the comparison between Chinese and Western studies of individual differences in musical ability.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the German version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in clinical routine settings: study design and protocol of a multitrait–multimethod study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e036078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Spies ◽  
Marcella Lydia Woud ◽  
Henrik Kessler ◽  
Heinrich Rau ◽  
Gerd Dieter Willmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Scale

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy, psychometric properties and clinical utility of the German version of the Clinician-Administered Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) (CAPS-5) in routine clinical settings.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-interventional, multitrait–multimethod design, multicentre study that will be carried out at German civil and military inpatient and outpatient clinics. A total sample size of n=219 participants who have experienced at least one traumatic event according to criteria as defined in the DSM-5 will be recruited. For the investigation of the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the CAPS-5, participants will be categorised into one of three groups, depending on their traumatic experiences and post-traumatic symptomatology: (1) monotraumatisation with PTSD; (2) multiple traumatisation with PTSD and (3) traumatisation without PTSD. Interviews will be conducted face to face by interviewers in routine clinical settings. All participants will also be asked to complete a comprehensive set of questionnaires in order to investigate different facets of construct validity and clinical utility. First, differences between all three groups in CAPS-5 sum and subscale scores will be investigated. Test–retest reliability and inter-rater reliability will be determined. Internal consistency will be calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM) based internal consistency coefficients. Construct validity will be measured with Spearman’s rank correlation analyses and multivariate analyses of variance with Holm-Bonferroni corrected post hoc analysis of variances. In order to test diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristics and sensitivity and specificity analyses will be conducted. The model structure of the German CAPS-5 will be analysed using confirmatory factor analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval by the Ethics Committees of the Faculty of Psychology at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (reference numbers: 331 and 358). The results of the study will be presented nationally and internationally at scientific conferences and will be published in scientific journals.Trial registration numberDRKS00015325

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the German-language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women with urinary incontinence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Brandt ◽  
Erich-Franz Solomayer ◽  
Panagiotis Sklavounos
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
German Language ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
King’S Health Questionnaire ◽  
German Speaking

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to translate the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) into German and to assess its psychometric properties in German-speaking women with urinary incontinence (UI). The QUID contains two subscales to measure symptom severity of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and to distinguish between both forms. Methods A total of 161 women with UI completed the QUID and the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), each in the German version. To examine construct validity Spearman’s correlation coefficients between both questionnaires were computed. Furthermore, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the QUID and its criterion validity were examined. Looking at criterion validity, sensitivity, specificity, ROC curves, and Youden-indexes were computed for both subscales. Results The QUID showed good construct validity by strong correlations with related domains of the KHQ. Cronbach’s alpha values were good for both subscales of the QUID (SUI-subscale: 0.76; UUI-subscale: 0.86). Sensitivity and specificity were 83% (95% CI, 0.72–0.9) and 45% (95% CI, 0.25–0.67) for the SUI-subscale and 83% (95% CI, 0.7–0.91) and 56% (95% CI, 0.4–0.72) for the UUI-subscale. Youden-index was 0.28 for the SUI-subscale and 0.39 for the UUI-subscale at the given cut-off values. Conclusion Psychometric properties of the German-language QUID are principally good and support its use in the German-speaking area. However, the modest specificity when distinguishing between SUI and UUI should be taken into account. Trial registration number: DRKS00018777 (date of registration: 16-January-2020).

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Short Beck Depression Inventory with Iranian Psychiatric Outpatients

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Dadfar ◽  
Zornitsa Kalibatseva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Persian Version

The short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) is useful for the screening and assessment of depression in clinical and research settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian (Farsi) version of BDI-13 in an Iranian clinical sample. The sample consisted of 52 Iranian psychiatric outpatients who received services at psychiatric and psychological clinics at the School of Behavioral Sciences & Mental Health-Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in Tehran, Iran. The study examined the reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the instrument. The instrument indicated good reliability with Cronbach’s alpha of .85 and strong construct validity based on moderate to strong positive correlations with other measures of mental health issues. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation with Kaiser Normalization, three factors were identified and labeled Affective (F1), Somatic/Vegetative (F2), and Cognitive/Loss of Functioning (F3). The current factor structure suggests that depression is a multidimensional construct in an Iranian clinical sample. This study provides further evidence that the Persian version of the BDI-13 is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used for clinical and research purposes in Iran.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the psychosocial screening instrument for physical trauma patients (PSIT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karabatzakis ◽  
Brenda Leontine Den Oudsten ◽  
Taco Gosens ◽  
Jolanda De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Psychosocial Screening ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Early detection of psychosocial problems post-injury may prevent them from becoming chronic. Currently, there is no psychosocial screening instrument that can be used in patients surviving a physical trauma or injury. Therefore, we recently developed a psychosocial screening instrument for adult physical trauma patients, the PSIT. The aim of this study was to finalize and psychometrically examine the PSIT. Methods All adult (≥ 18 years) trauma patients admitted to a Dutch level I trauma center from October 2016 through September 2017 without severe cognitive disorders (n = 1448) received the PSIT, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref). After 2 weeks, a subgroup of responding participants received the PSIT a second time. The internal structure (principal components analysis, PCA; and confirmatory factor analysis, CFA), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, α), test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC), construct validity (Spearman’s rho correlations), diagnostic accuracy (Area Under the Curve, AUC), and potential cut-off values (sensitivity and specificity) were examined. Results A total of 364 (25.1%) patients participated, of whom 128 completed the PSIT again after 19.5 ± 6.8 days. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.86). Based on PCA, five items were removed because of cross-loadings ≥ 0.3. Three subscales were identified: (1) Negative affect (7 items; α = 0.91; AUC = 0.92); (2) Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (4 items; α = 0.77; AUC = 0.88); and (3) Social and self-image (4 items; α = 0.79; AUC = 0.92). CFA supported this structure (comparative fit index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; standardized rood mean square residual = 0.04). Four of the five a priori formulated hypotheses regarding construct validity were confirmed. The following cut-off values represent maximum sensitivity and specificity: 7 on subscale 1 (89.6% and 83.4%), 3 on subscale 2 (94.4% and 90.3%), and 4 on subscale 3 (85.7% and 90.7%). Conclusion The final PSIT has good psychometric properties in adult trauma patients.

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