scholarly journals Measuring Reading Progress in Second Grade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Förster ◽  
Mathis Erichsen ◽  
Boris Forthmann
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
School Year ◽  
Standardized Reading Test ◽  
And Mathematics

Abstract. Learning progress assessments (LPA) are increasingly used by teachers to inform instructional decisions. This study presents evidence for the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of a newly developed LPA for reading in Grade 2 (quop-L2 – quop Lesetest für zweite Klassen) that assesses the development of reading comprehension in German at the word, sentence, and text levels based on short, equivalent computer-based tests at three-week intervals. All tests were sufficiently reliable. The proposed three-dimensional structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis based on data from N = 1,913 second-grade students. In a subsample of n = 354 students, correlations between quop-L2 and a standardized reading test, teacher judgments, measures of intelligence, and mathematics provided evidence for quop-L2’s convergent and discriminant validity. The equivalent tests were strictly invariant over time. Most importantly, results of structural equation models showed that progress in the quop-L2 assessment at the sentence and text levels was related to growth in standardized reading tests assessed at the beginning and end of the school year. Thus, results indicate that quop-L2 can reliably and validly assess students’ actual reading performance and progress.

scholarly journals A New Approach to the Study of Tolerance: Conceptualizing and Measuring Acceptance, Respect, and Appreciation of Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Hjerm ◽  
Maureen A. Eger ◽  
Andrea Bohman ◽  
Filip Fors Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Previous empirical research on tolerance suffers from a number of shortcomings, the most serious being the conceptual and operational conflation of (in)tolerance and prejudice. We design research to remedy this. First, we contribute to the literature by advancing research that distinguishes analytically between the two phenomena. We conceptualize tolerance as a value orientation towards difference. This definition—which is abstract and does not capture attitudes towards specific out-groups, ideas, or behaviors—allows for the analysis of tolerance within and between societies. Second, we improve the measurement of tolerance by developing survey items that are consistent with this conceptualization. We administer two surveys, one national (Sweden) and one cross-national (Australia, Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States). Results from structural equation models show that tolerance is best understood as a three-dimensional concept, which includes acceptance of, respect for, and appreciation of difference. Analyses show that measures of tolerance have metric invariance across countries, and additional tests demonstrate convergent and discriminant validity. We also assess tolerance’s relationship to prejudice and find that only an appreciation of difference has the potential to reduce prejudice. We conclude that it is not only possible to measure tolerance in a way that is distinct from prejudice but also necessary if we are to understand the causes and consequences of tolerance.

scholarly journals Trait Self-Control and Self-Discipline: Structure, Validity, and Invariance Across National Groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S Hagger ◽  
Eva-Maria Kangro ◽  
Francis Ries ◽  
John C. K. Wang ◽  
Brody Heritage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples

The aim of the present study was to test the validity of the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister and Boone 2004) including its dimensional structure based on competing one- and two-factor models, discriminant validity from the conceptually-related self-discipline construct, invariance across multiple samples from different national groups, and predictive validity with respect to health-related behaviors. Samples of undergraduate students (total N = 1282) from four national groups completed the brief self-control scale, the self-discipline scale from the NEO-PI-R, and self-report measures of binge drinking, exercise, and healthy eating. Confirmatory factor analytic models supported a two-factor structure of self-control encompassing restraint and non-impulsivity components. The model exhibited good fit in all samples and invariance of factor loadings in multi-sample analysis. The restraint and non-impulsivity components exhibited discriminant validity and were also distinct from self-discipline. Structural equation models revealed that non-impulsivity predicted binge drinking in three of the samples, and restraint predicted exercise in two samples, with no role for self-discipline. Results point to a multi-dimensional structure for trait self-control consistent with previous theory separating impulsive- and control-related components.

Digital Adaptability: A New Measure for Digital Inequality Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932092608
Author(s):  
Cassidy Puckett
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
And Mathematics

Past research suggests the ability to adapt to technological change by learning new technologies is a core feature of technological competence and consequential for inequality. Yet there exists no definition or measure of what people do to learn technologies that are new to them and empirically link this to inequality. To address this gap, I conducted studies involving over 2,000 adolescents to develop and validate a measure of what I call “digital adaptability,” the use of five habits that help individuals learn technologies that are new to them. The studies included observation and cognitive interviews to describe adaptability and develop an initial item pool, a pilot to narrow items using structural equation modeling, a full test with 897 eighth-grade students in Chicago with analysis of convergent and discriminant validity, and a replication study with 1,285 high school students near Boston. Finally, using Chicago and Boston area data, I find adaptability correlates with students’ educational plans and career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics —linking digital adaptability to students’ futures. Overall, the digital adaptability measure provides a critical theoretical and empirical tool for digital inequality research, practice, and policy.

scholarly journals TQM and market orientation in care home services

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo San Miguel ◽  
Iñaki Heras-Saizarbitoria ◽  
Juan José Tarí
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to operationalize the concepts of total quality management (TQM) and market orientation (MO) and to analyze the relationship between them in a major economic sector of activity, namely, the social services sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the aforementioned relationships by means of a quantitative study carried out with information from managers of 137 Spanish organizations in the field of social service provision and, more specifically, in nursing homes for the elderly. Structural equation models were used to contrast the relationships. Findings Evidence is provided for the multi-dimensional structure of TQM and MO. The results confirm that TQM contributes to a greater degree of MO in the organizations analyzed, since a significant positive relationship between a set of components of the first concept (namely, processes, leadership and people) and the second is found. Practical implications Managers need to take into account the fact that the application of a management system in nursing homes that is based on TQM dimensions favors the development of an MO culture. The staff are the key factor in orientating the residential home toward the market. Originality/value The research covers a gap in the literature since these relationships have not been studied empirically in depth in service sectors such as social services and nursing homes, despite great and growing economic importance of this sector.

scholarly journals Information and Trust in Parent-Teacher Cooperation – Connections with Educational Inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Markus P. Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
School Year ◽  
Efficacy Expectation ◽  
Parent Trust

There is an ongoing debate on how parents and the cooperation between parents and teachers contribute to educational inequality. In this study, the assumption that information and trust in parent–teacher cooperation mediate the effects of parent socioeconomic status (SES) on student achievement in mathematics and instruction language (German) was examined. The effects of information and trust on achievement were assumed to be mediated by parent self-efficacy expectation in German. The hypotheses were tested using a sample with 1001 students from 4th to 6th grade and their parents in Swiss primary schools using questionnaires and achievement tests at the beginning and the end of a school year. Results from structural equation models with longitudinal data showed that parent trust and parent self-efficacy expectation fully mediated the effect of SES and student achievement in language instruction but not in mathematics. Information did not correlate with SES nor with student achievement, but with trust. Parental trust in the cooperation with teachers affected achievement in both mathematics and German. The model combines the research on parental involvement with the research on educational inequality in school. Teachers need to establish trust in cooperation with low-SES parents to reduce educational inequality in school.

Spotlight Screener as a Predictor of First-grade Reading Achievement

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
John L. Sheppard ◽  
Marlene J. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
School Year ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Very High ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

The Spotlight for Literacy screener was examined for reliability, validity, and performance of children, related to biographical variables, by administering it to 458 first-grade Australian children early in the school year (March-April) with criterion measures of reading and mathematics (Daniels and Diack Standard Reading Tests and Metropolitan Achievement Test) being given later in October-November. Internal consistency reliability was shown by a Kuder Richardson coefficient of 0.89. Correlations of the screener with the criterion tests ranged from 0.7 to 0.8. Step-wise multiple regression analyses indicated that 11 of the 13 subtests contributed significantly to the variance, when the subtests were independent variables and the criterion tests were dependent variables. Multiple discriminant function analyses showed that hit rates of the screener as a predictor were very high for the low and high achiever groups. On the screener, girls had higher scores than boys, groups differed according to socioeconomic status (higher scores to higher SES), and children from English-speaking homes scored higher than children who had English as their second language.

Construct Validation of Hebrew Versions of Three Physical Self-Concept Measures: An Extended Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli ◽  
Sima Zach ◽  
Garry E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Physical Education Majors ◽  
Validity Criteria

This study extends support for the construct validity of the three strongest physical self-concept measures for 395 Israeli university students (60% women) aged 18 to 54, demonstrating a new extension of the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design that incorporates external validity criteria and a test of jingle-jangle fallacies. Structural equation models of this MTMM data confirmed the a priori 23-factor structure of the three instruments, and the convergent and discriminant validity of factors from each instrument in relation to those from the other instruments. There were few age effects, whereas gender differences were smaller than expected and stable over age. In support of the known-group-difference approach, physical education majors had systematically higher physical self-concepts than management majors. Relations of body image to self-concept factors supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the physical self-concept factors and the separation of body fat from physical appearance self-concepts, but having a more obese body was not significantly related to health self-concept or global self-esteem factors.

Rationalizing Delinquency

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar J. Rebellon ◽  
Michelle E. Manasse ◽  
Karen T. Van Gundy ◽  
Ellen S. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Criminological Theories

Multiple criminological theories predict that attitudes toward delinquency should affect an individual’s delinquent behavior. Criminological research, however, has not sufficiently incorporated social psychological theory predicting the reverse causal relationship, and tends to suffer from important methodological limitations. The present study addresses these issues using longitudinal data from the New Hampshire Youth Study (N = 626). After using latent variable models to demonstrate the discriminant validity of attitudinal and behavioral measures, it uses structural equation models to examine whether attitudes are stronger predictors of behavior or vice versa. Net of controls, results provide qualified support for a reciprocal relationship but suggest that behavior affects attitudes much more than attitudes affect behavior. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and for interventions aimed at controlling delinquency.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Boardgaming Motivations Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe A Wasserman ◽  
Julia K. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Gaming Motivations ◽  
Validated Instrument

Games, and boardgames specifically, are an increasingly central part of many individuals’ media diets. Boardgames also have immense potential as naturalistic laboratories for studying psychological phenomena, providing players opportunities for small-group and interpersonal interactions with social, emotional, and cognitive consequences. Although different boardgaming motivations likely modulate these processes and outcomes, no grounded, validated instrument exists to measure them. This three-study investigation explored gaming motivations of and gratifications enjoyed by boardgamers (Study 1) and drew from this exploration to develop the Boardgaming Motivations Scale (Study 2; N = 1,045). Exploratory structural equation models provided initial evidence of the scale’s validity (Study 2). The scale was further refined, confirmed, and validated with an independent sample of less involved boardgamers (Study 3; N = 652). The diverse pool of motivations for playing boardgames inductively identified in Study 1 were reduced to seven dimensions in Study 2 and finally to six in Study 3. These dimensions reflected lusory, immersion, group sociality, community, escapism, and mastery boardgaming motivations. Relationships among these motivations and preferences for boardgame mechanics and genres, individual differences, and videogaming motivations provided initial evidence of the construct, convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity of the Boardgaming Motivations Scale. Supplemental material and data: https://osf.io/cqusx/

scholarly journals Factor structure and proposed scoring revision of the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale

Psicologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Holden ◽  
Rui C. Campos ◽  
Christine E. Lambert ◽  
Ana Simões ◽  
Sara Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The development of psychometrically sound measures to assess mental pain are important because research has consistently demonstrated a robust relationship to suicide risk. The current research evaluated the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS) structure, a suicide-relevant measure intended to articulate pain into affective, cognitive, and behavioral facets. As the first Western study to evaluate the TDPPS structure with non-Chinese respondents, six samples comprising 1,627 adults participated. Neither confirmatory factor analyses nor exploratory structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized three-dimensional structure of the TDPPS but, instead, identified two dimensions: pain escape and pain emotions. Scales based on these two dimensions demonstrated replicability in cross-validation and score internal consistency reliability. Furthermore, validity for scores on these two scales was confirmed through moderate associations with another pain measure and scales of suicidal behavior and depression. Findings extend knowledge of TDPPS’s structure of psychological pain and suggest a scale scoring revision.

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