Age and Sex Differences in Temperament and Character Dimensions in a French Nonclinical Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Calvet ◽  
Marion Péricaud ◽  
Matthieu Parneix ◽  
Adrien Jouette ◽  
Magali Bricaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract. The authors examined age and sex trends on the seven dimensions and 25 facets assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) collected between 2006 and 2014. This cross-sectional study sought to better understand personality differences according to age and sex cohorts in a French nonclinical community sample (1,181 participants). Our results show significant differences in age groups in Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Harm Avoidance, and Self-Transcendence. Women scored higher than men in Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Cooperativeness. Men between 18 and 29 years old reported higher Novelty Seeking whereas older women had higher Harm Avoidance. Among all the dimensions of the TCI, only Self-Directedness presents a consistent Gender × Age interaction. Our study confirmed that there were personality-specific features in men and women. In addition, there were personality changes with age in both temperament and character dimensions. Our research highlighted the need to take into account both age and gender of subjects in the future analyses and interpretations of findings from the temperament and character inventories.

scholarly journals Temperament and Personality Traits in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khoshkhui ◽  
Maedeh Kamrani ◽  
Maryam Emadzadeh ◽  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Farhad Faridhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background: Considering the psychobiological aspects of various dermatological diseases and the role of personality traits in the development of chronic skin diseases, the present study aimed to assess the personality traits of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria compared to healthy individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted during 2016 - 2018, 100 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria were selected using the convenience sampling method. Moreover, 100 healthy participants were selected as the control group. Research instruments were Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and a demographic checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi-square test using SPSS Software version 23. Results: The patients had higher scores in novelty-seeking (P = 0.041) and harm avoidance (P = 0.015), while the healthy individuals had higher scores in self-directedness (P = 0.003) and cooperativeness (P = 0.001). Moreover, male patients had higher scores in novelty-seeking (P = 0.006) and rewarded dependence (P = 0.013); however, female patients had higher scores in self-transcendence (P = 0.001) and cooperativeness (P = 0.019). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the disease duration of with reward dependence, self-directedness, and self-transcendence. Conclusions: Personality traits seem to be associated with chronic spontaneous urticaria. In this regard, patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria had higher scores in novelty-seeking and harm avoidance and lower scores in self-directedness and cooperativeness than healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes with Reference to Age and Sex in Various Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Bakht Biland ◽  
Mohsina Haq ◽  
Sardar Muhammad ◽  
Mohsan Subhani ◽  
Syed Gardezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Genotype 3A

Background: Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world after Egypt. Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan and, worryingly, reinfection rates are also on the rise. This cross-sectional study was aimed at finding the most common genotypes of hepatitis C in terms of age and sex in a Pakistani cohort. Materials and methods: The authors collected blood samples from 1,260 patients with diagnosed hepatitis C visiting a primary teaching hospital affiliated with Peshawar Medical College, Pakistan, from different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, between January 2017 and April 2019. Hepatitis C virus RNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyping was then performed. Results: The authors found that genotype 3a was the most prevalent type followed by 1a, mixed, and 3b, respectively. Genotypes 2a and 1b were the least prevalent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The most common genotype was 3a, observed in 75.87% of cases. The most common mixed genotype was 3a+1a, observed in 39 cases (3.10%); it had a prevalence of 3.49% in females compared with 2.70% in males. Overall, the most common age group affected by hepatitis C virus was 41–50 years (31.35%), followed by the 51–60 years group (24.45%). Infection rate was comparatively low in other age groups. A significant difference was observed in the prevalence of genotype 3a and 2a among different districts. Conclusion: The authors concluded that genotype 3a was the most prevalent genotype and it was observed more frequently in the female population, with a median age of 45 years.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Individuals with Obesity According to Age and Sex: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Maïmoun ◽  
Thibault Mura ◽  
Antoine Avignon ◽  
Denis Mariano-Goulart ◽  
Ariane Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Group A ◽  
Age And Sex

Obesity is characterized by an alteration in body composition (BC); however, it is not known whether this alteration is modified by aging or sex. The aims of this study were to analyze BC in individuals with obesity based on age and sex and to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia. Seven hundred and fifty-five obese individuals were subdivided into four age groups. The hole (WB) and segmental BC were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In men, the WB lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat mass (FM) adjusted by weight and height were relatively constant with age. In women, the WBLTM was higher and WBFM was lower in the >65 group compared to the 18–34 group. A decrease in the LTM and FM at lower limbs and an increase in the trunk were observed, particularly in women, inducing a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; appendicular LTM/height2) in the >65 group compared to the 18–34 group in both sexes. This study demonstrated that even though the WBLTM and FM are relatively constant with age, individuals with obesity present a localized redistribution of these two components. This body composition change leads to a decrease of the ALMI with age, one of the criteria included in the sarcopenia definition.

scholarly journals Comprehensive meta-analysis of associations between temperament and character traits in Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and mental disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052110707
Author(s):  
Saeid Komasi ◽  
Farzin Rezaei ◽  
Azad Hemmati ◽  
Khaled Rahmani ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective To explore the relationship between temperament and character traits in Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and mental disorders. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted of five international databases for all articles published in English between January 1990 and April 2019 (PROSPERO-CRD42019133214). Owing to heterogeneity, pooled estimates of correlations for personality disorders and standardized mean differences for case–control studies related to other mental disorders were calculated using the random-effects method. Results The pooled effect sizes obtained from 149 studies showed that high harm avoidance (related to 22/24 diagnostic categories), low self-directedness (21/23), low cooperativeness (17/23), high self-transcendence (14/23), low reward dependence (11/24), high novelty-seeking (10/24), low novelty-seeking (7/24), high persistence (2/23), low persistence (2/23) and high reward dependence (2/24) were related to psychopathology. Conclusions All traits provided unique psychobiological tools for differential diagnosis of mental disorders. However, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness played a canonical role in psychopathology. Despite the study limitations, additional studies are warranted to evaluate the differential diagnoses suggested by the present model.

Relationship between two dimensional models of personality

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S120-S121 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Calvet ◽  
M. Bricaud ◽  
H. Merveille ◽  
J. Dur ◽  
J.P. Clément
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

Relationships between the seven dimensions of the Cloninger's psychobiological model (1993) and the five factors of the Costa and McCrae's model (1990) were examined in this study of 200 subjects from French general population. The dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence) and character (self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence) from the Cloninger's model were measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory-125 items (TCI-125) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness) was evaluated using the NEOPersonality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Correlation and multiple regression analyses have highlighted that all the temperamental and character dimensions predict all Neo-PI-R domains and vice versa. There are particularly close relationships between harm avoidance, self-directedness, neuroticism and extraversion; between novelty seeking and extraversion, openness, conscientiousness; between reward dependence, cooperativeness, extraversion, openness and agreeableness; between persistence and conscientiousness; and finally between self-transcendence and agreeableness. As a result, due to their relationship with temperamental dimensions of psychobiological model, the FFM domains could be related to brain monoaminergic activities.

scholarly journals Stability of the harm avoidance personality trait in late-life depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY CHEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
History Of Depression

Harm avoidance is one of the four temperament dimensions in Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality (Cloninger et al., 1993). In this model, personality is conceptualized as having four temperament dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence) and three character dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence). Individuals high in harm avoidance (HA) tend to be described as “worrying and pessimistic; fearful and doubtful; shy; and fatigable.” Those with low HA scores are “relaxed and optimistic; bold and confident; outgoing; and vigorous.” HA was initially proposed as a personality trait that is independent of the state of depression. However, other reports have found HA to be positively correlated with the severity of depression (Hansenne et al., 1999; Hirano et al., 2002). Repeated within-subject measures have been used to explore the stability of HA in major depression. However, conflicting results are reported in the literature and research in HA is largely with adults (Chien and Dunner, 1996; Marijnissen et al., 2002). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the personality trait of HA is stable over a 12-month period in a group of older people with a history of depression. This is a first report on the stability of HA in an exclusive elderly sample.

scholarly journals The revised Temperament and Character Inventory: normative data by sex and age from a Spanish normal randomized sample

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes ◽  
Javier Labad ◽  
Lourdes Martorell ◽  
Ana Gaviria ◽  
Carmen Bayón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Objectives.The psychometric properties regarding sex and age for the revised version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and its derived short version, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140), were evaluated with a randomized sample from the community.Methods.A randomized sample of 367 normal adult subjects from a Spanish municipality, who were representative of the general population based on sex and age, participated in the current study. Descriptive statistics and internal consistency according toαcoefficient were obtained for all of the dimensions and facets.T-tests and univariate analyses of variance, followed by Bonferroni tests, were conducted to compare the distributions of the TCI-R dimension scores by age and sex.Results.On both the TCI-R and TCI-140, women had higher scores for Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness than men, whereas men had higher scores for Persistence. Age correlated negatively with Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness and positively with Harm Avoidance and Self-transcendence. Young subjects between 18 and 35 years had higher scores than older subjects in NS and RD. Subjects between 51 and 77 years scored higher in both HA and ST. The alphas for the dimensions were between 0.74 and 0.87 for the TCI-R and between 0.63 and 0.83 for the TCI-140.Conclusion.Results, which were obtained with a randomized sample, suggest that there are specific distributions of personality traits by sex and age. Overall, both the TCI-R and the abbreviated TCI-140 were reliable in the ‘good-to-excellent’ range. A strength of the current study is the representativeness of the sample.

scholarly journals Mass of the Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
M Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Mohsin Khalil ◽  
Mansur Khalil ◽  
Mst Khurshida Jahan ◽  
M Shafiquazzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lymphatic Follicle ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Age And Sex

This study was done to measure the weight of vermiform appendix in Bangladeshi people to augment the data regarding variational anatomy in our setting. A total 100 vermiform appendix (male - 60, female - 40) were excised from cadaver of different age and sex during routine post mortem examination in the autopsy laboratory of Forensic Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College. This cross-sectional study was done by convenient sampling technique. The weight depended on length and thickness. The weight decreases gradually with advancing age probably decreasing number of lymphatic follicle and that replaced by connective tissue. Lymphatic follicles were examined and estimated by microscope. For convenience of differentiating the weight of vermiform appendix in relation to age and sex, specimens were categorized in four age groups (up to 20 year, 21 - 35 years, 36 - 55 years, 56 - 70 years). Mean weight of vermiform appendix was maximum in group - B (4.07 ± SE 0.82 gm) and minimum in group D (3.01 ± SE 0.74 gm). The weight range was from 2 gm (group - D) to 5.50 gm (group - B). Diameter of lymphatic follicle was largest 43.08 micrometer in group-A, and least diameter was 3.08 micrometer in group - D. The range of number of lymphatic follicle was 1 to 6. Mean number of lymphatic follicle in male was 4.48 & in female were 5.40. Key Words: Human Vermiform, Appendix, Weight, Lymphatic, Follicle   doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1787 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):8-12.

scholarly journals Gender Identity of Students and Teachers: Implications for a Sustainable Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeļena Badjanova ◽  
Anita Pipere ◽  
Dzintra Iliško
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractConsidering the gender identity as a crucial aspect of the culture that shapes our daily life and recognising the research gap on this topic in the context of sustainable education, the paper describes the quantitative cross-sectional study on gender identity of students and teachers comparing the respondents by their age and sex. Three age groups (106 female and 62 male) participated in the study: 18-19-years-old pupils from comprehensive and vocational schools (n=59), 20-15-years-old university students (n=52) and 24-64- years-old teachers working at respective schools and universities (n=57). The original Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to measure the individual gender identity types of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny. The majority of respondents from all age and sex groups described themselves as androgynous. Male and university students featured the scattering of scores more toward masculinity, while the scores of female, pupils, and teachers were more inclined toward femininity. No statistically significant differences were found among the three age groups, while sex appeared to be more influential factor causing significant differences between male and female in terms of gender identity with male’s inclination toward masculinity and female’s inclination toward femininity. Dominance of androgynous individuals challenges the current approaches to the gender education in the context of sustainable development.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

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