Emotional Responses to Social Comparisons in Reality Television Programming

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Lewis ◽  
Andrew J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Reality Television ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Comparison ◽  
Comparison Target

Abstract. In recent years, the viewing of reality television has become increasingly prevalent among television audiences. However, little is known about the psychological processes at work when viewing these programs. This study examined how social comparisons to cast members influenced emotional responses to reality television programming. Participants (N = 231) were cued with a specific comparison target group and placed in a situation of self-image enhancement or threat. Afterwards, participants watched a clip from a reality television program and then reported their emotional reactions to it. The manipulations of comparison target group and self-image affected both the direction of social comparisons made and their associated emotional responses. Participant gender also influenced social comparisons to the cast members and resulting emotional responses to the content. Although we were unable to compare the social comparison-related emotional responses to reality programs with those of scripted programs, the results of this study bring to bear the associations between specific emotional responses and the types of social comparisons that take place when watching reality television programming.

scholarly journals Watching reality from a distance: class, genre and reality television

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Stiernstedt ◽  
Peter Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Reality Television ◽  
Social World ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Distance Class ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Detailed Picture

The cultural significance of reality television is based on its claim to represent social reality. On the level of genre, we might argue that reality television constructs a modern day panorama of the social world and its inhabitants and that it thus makes populations appear. This article presents a class analysis of the population of reality television in which 1 year of television programming and over 1000 participants have been analysed. The purpose of this analysis is to deepen our understanding of the cultural and ideological dimensions of reality television as a genre, and to give a more detailed picture of the imaginaries of class in this form of television. The results bring new knowledge about the reality television genre and modify or revise assumptions from previous studies. Most importantly, we show that upper-class people and people belonging to the social elite are strongly over-represented in the genre and appear much more commonly in reality television than in other genres. This result opens up a re-evaluation of the cultural and ideological dimensions of the reality television genre.

Emotions and Warfare: The Social Dynamics of Close-Range Fighting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siniša Malešević
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Urinary Control

Emotions play a central role in warfare. Nearly all soldiers who encounter combat zones experience intense emotional reactions. Some of these emotions are negative, such as fear, panic, anger, rage, or shame, while others are more positive, including pride, elation, joy, or exhilaration. These emotional responses are usually characterized by physiological and psychological changes that affect the bodies and minds of soldiers facing close-range fighting encounters. Researchers have documented a number of physiological effects that accompany intense emotional reactions on the battlefield, including hormonal increases, heavy breathing, increased heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and the loss of urinary control, among others. These similarities in biological responses have led some scholars to make generalizations about the inherent uniformity of emotional reactions on the battlefield. However, recent studies indicate that emotional dynamics in the combat zone are more complex and flexible. In particular, much contemporary historical, sociological, and anthropological scholarship shows that the emotional responses of soldiers are highly variable and context-dependent. Although some physiological reactions are present in many battlefield situations, they too, like psychological effects, tend to be specific to time and place. In other words, there are pronounced historical and cultural differences in the emotional responses of soldiers in combat zones. Facing the same realities of the close-range fighting, soldiers tend to display different emotional reactions and these reactions are more variable as the cultural and historical contexts change. Military organizations have become aware that emotions are central to the behavior of soldiers on the battlefield and they continue to devise new methods to control and shape the emotional reactions of soldiers.

scholarly journals Serotonin depletion amplifies distinct human social emotions as a function of individual differences in personality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Kanen ◽  
Fréderique E Arntz ◽  
Robyn Yellowlees ◽  
Rudolf N Cardinal ◽  
Annabel Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSerotonin is involved in a wide range of mental capacities essential for navigating the social world, including emotion and impulse control. Much recent work on serotonin and social functioning has focused on decision-making. Here we investigated the influence of serotonin on human emotional reactions to social conflict. We used a novel computerised task that required mentally simulating social situations involving unjust harm and found that depleting the serotonin precursor tryptophan – in a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled design – enhanced emotional responses to the scenarios in a large sample of healthy volunteers (n = 73), and interacted with individual differences in trait personality to produce distinctive human emotions. Whereas guilt was preferentially elevated in highly empathic participants, annoyance was potentiated in those high in trait psychopathy, with medium to large effect sizes. Our findings show how individual differences in personality, when combined with fluctuations of serotonin, may produce diverse emotional phenotypes. This has implications for understanding vulnerability to psychopathology, determining who may be more sensitive to serotonin-modulating treatments, and casts new light on the functions of serotonin in emotional processing.

scholarly journals Serotonin depletion amplifies distinct human social emotions as a function of individual differences in personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Kanen ◽  
Fréderique E. Arntz ◽  
Robyn Yellowlees ◽  
Rudolf N. Cardinal ◽  
Annabel Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSerotonin is involved in a wide range of mental capacities essential for navigating the social world, including emotion and impulse control. Much recent work on serotonin and social functioning has focused on decision-making. Here we investigated the influence of serotonin on human emotional reactions to social conflict. We used a novel computerised task that required mentally simulating social situations involving unjust harm and found that depleting the serotonin precursor tryptophan—in a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled design—enhanced emotional responses to the scenarios in a large sample of healthy volunteers (n = 73), and interacted with individual differences in trait personality to produce distinctive human emotions. Whereas guilt was preferentially elevated in highly empathic participants, annoyance was potentiated in those high in trait psychopathy, with medium to large effect sizes. Our findings show how individual differences in personality, when combined with fluctuations of serotonin, may produce diverse emotional phenotypes. This has implications for understanding vulnerability to psychopathology, determining who may be more sensitive to serotonin-modulating treatments, and casts new light on the functions of serotonin in emotional processing.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

Envy and Social Comparison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels van de Ven ◽  
Marcel Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Social Comparison

Upward social comparison can give rise to the emotion of envy: the pain caused by the good fortune of others. We explain what envy is, and what the possible function of envy is to an organism experiencing it. We provide an overview of past work on envy, the distinction between two subtypes (benign and malicious envy), possible antecedents of envy, possible consequences of envy, and the responses to being envied by others. In each of these areas there are clear links to research on social comparison, and research on envy has greatly benefitted from insights from the social comparison literature. Given the surge in research on envy in the last decade, we hope that the findings on envy can also inspire those investigating social comparisons.

OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSI ANAK USIA DINI

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Khulusinniyah ◽  
Farhatin Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Emotion Development ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
The Social

The social-emotionaldevelopment of children is important to be developed from an early age. The emotionaldevelopment in early childhood, takes place simultaneously with their social development. Even there is claim that their emotional development is influenced by their social development. Itcaused by the emotional reactions displayed by early childhood as a response to the social relationships that they live with other people. The emotional development of early childhood can also affect the sustainability of social relationships. Stimulation is an important thing to give by early childhood educators and parents so they can optimize their social emotion development. With this treatment, they can grow into the life ready person in facing the complex future.

scholarly journals The Emotional Nature of Birth Family Relationships for Care-experienced and Adopted Young People: A Longitudinal Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2097843
Author(s):  
Montserrat Fargas-Malet ◽  
Dominic McSherry
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Adoption Research ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
Theory Research

Research focused on relationships and contact with birth family for children and young people who were separated from them as infants has rarely acknowledged the emotional and dynamic nature of such interactions. Curiosity has been dominant in adoption research. However, in our longitudinal study of young people who entered care at a young age, a range of other feelings and combination of feelings emerged in the youths’ narratives, including contentment and mixed feelings such as anger, affection, loss, guilt, or worry. Type of placement, that is, whether the young people had been adopted, lived with kinship foster carers or non-relative foster parents, did not determine their emotional reactions to their birth family. The young people’s perspectives and emotions often changed over time. In this article, we describe the young people’s emotional responses to birth family, and highlight implications for theory, research, and practice.

scholarly journals The Effects of Earthquake Experience on Disaster Education for Children and Teens

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Da-Hye Yeon ◽  
Ji-Bum Chung ◽  
Dong-Hyeon Im
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
School Students ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Disaster Education

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors of disaster experience that impact the effectiveness of disaster education on school students (children and teens). Following the magnitude 5.4 Pohang earthquake in 2017, Pohang City Hall conducted a school earthquake disaster education program over a period of four months (August to November) in 2018. Professors and graduate students from the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology taught around 5000 middle and high school students, while also conducting surveys. The experiences of the Pohang earthquake were analyzed and divided into cognitive responses and emotional responses. Students who felt activated emotional responses, surprise and fear, but not joy, tended to have more effective educational experiences. On the other hand, unpleasant emotional reactions, such as anger and sadness, had a negative effect on educational effectiveness. The cognitive response, which is perceived intensity in this research, did not impact educational effectiveness significantly. These results imply that the emotional responses of students are more important than their cognitive responses in providing a disaster education program. This means that even though an earthquake may be small in magnitude and may not cause physical damage, we still need to provide immediate disaster education to the children and teens if they are surprised and afraid of future disasters.

scholarly journals Clinician Emotional Response Toward Narcissistic Patients: A Preliminary Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Tanzilli ◽  
Antonello Colli ◽  
Laura Muzi ◽  
Vittorio Lingiardi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Therapist Response

Patients with narcissistic personality disorder are among the most difficult to treat in therapy, especially for their strong resistance to treatment and several difficulties in establishing a therapeutic relationship characterized by intimacy, safety, and trust. In particular, therapists’ emotional responses to these patients can be particularly intense and frustrating, as reported in the clinical literature but rarely investigated empirically.The aims of this preliminary study were: 1) to examine the associations between patients’ narcissistic personality disorder and distinct therapists’ countertransference patterns; and 2) to verify whether these clinicians’ emotional reactions were influenced by their theoretical orientation (as well as gender and age).A national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (N = 250) completed the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) to identify patterns of therapist emotional response, and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) to assess personality disorder and level of psychological functioning in a patient currently in their care and with whom they had worked for a minimum of eight sessions and a maximum of 6 months (one session per week).From the complete therapist sample, we identified a subgroup (N = 35) of patients with narcissistic personality disorder, and we found that this personality pathology was positively associated with criticized/mistreated and disengaged countertransference, but negatively associated with positive therapist response. Moreover, our results confirmed that the relationship between patients’ narcissistic personality disorder and therapists’ emotional responses was not dependent on clinicians’ theoretical approach (as well as their age and gender).These findings are consistent with clinical observations, as well as some empirical contributions, and have meaningful implications for clinical practice of patients suffering from this challenging pathology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document